Mail & Wire Fraud

Review: What did the U.S.S.C. do to Mr. Cheek?

7th Cir. Affirm, USSC vacates.

Remanded for retrial.

Cheek

Other Important Cases From Ch. 2

Mens Rea Summary: Full Spectrum of Kinds of Intent

Narrow Spectrum of “Willfully” and “Knowingly” Variations

Mail & Wire Fraud PART ONE

18 U.S.C. § 1341: Mail Fraud

18 U.S.C. § 1343: Wire Fraud

Purposes of Broad Statutes

Schmuck

Schmuck v. United States.

Other cases Schmuck distinguishes (405-06)

Dissent view (Scalia)

Key Schmuck Points

Key Implied Point Necessary for Next Cases

Neder: Scheme to Defraud Element – Materiality & Reliance

Neder Background

Neder

Neder Keys

Bridge v. Phoenix Bond & Indemnity Co. – p. 418

Bridge Background

Reasoning - 1?

Reasoning – 2?

Role of common law in statutory interpretation.

Bridge Keys to Remember

Regent Office Supply Co.

Facts

Issue/ Holding

Why? Reasoning?

Problems with that analysis?

Problem 2 with analysis:

Counter to concern with reasoning:

Siegel - 431

Siegel

Siegel

Siegel

“Objects of Scheme to Defraud”

Evolution of using 1341 and 43 to Police Fraud Involving “Intangible

right of honest services”

What is the “intangible right to honest services”?

Timeline/ High Level Overview

Timeline/ High Level Overview

1346

Timeline/ High Level Overview

Timeline/ High Level Overview

Why are we spending a class on honest services?

Text

McNally, U.S.S.C. 1987.

McNally

McNally Reasoning – 440-41

McNally Reasoning – 440-41

McNally Result

McNally – defendants didn’t steal property.

McNally Dissent

Dissent

Carpenter (USSC 1987)

Carpenter Background

Carpenter Background

Reasoning

Reasoning

Mail/ Wire Requirement

Summary After McNally/ Carpenter

Summary After McNally/ Carpenter

SHIFT: Congress enacts 1346 in 1988

Weyhrauch (9th Cir. 2008).

Weyhrauch (9th Cir. 2008).

Weyhrauch (9th Cir. 2008).

Holding/ Reasoning

Risks with Rejecting State Law Limiting Principle

Rybicki (2d Cir. 2003) (p. 466)

Rybicki (2d Cir. 2003)

Rybicki (2d Cir. 2003)

Reasoning

Holding

SHIFT: Skilling

Holding in Skilling

Procedural History: Reasoning

Majority Reasoning @ USSC

Reasoning

Reasoning

Reasoning