magnetism and electricity lesson plan
TRANSCRIPT
ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM
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ELECTRICAL CURRENT
Electric current is the flow1 of electric charge2. It
transmits energy called electricity.
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ELECTRICITY
Electricity is the flow of electrical power or charge. It is a
secondary energy source which means that we get it from the
conversion of other sources of energy, like coal, natural gas, oil,
nuclear power and other natural sources, which are called
primary sources. The energy sources we use to make
electricity can be renewable or non-renewable, but
electricity itself is neither renewable or non-renewable.
Electricity is a basic part of nature and it is one of our most widely3 used forms of
energy.
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1 Flow: the continuous movement of something in one direction 2 Electric charge is a fundamental conserved property of some subatomic particles, which determines their electromagnetic interaction. 3 Widely:
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ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION
Electricity is produced at power stations or power plants.
Water, steam4 or wind moves a turbine connected
to a generator. When the turbine rotates, the
generator converts mechanical energy into
electricity, using a magnetic field and a conductor.
Power stations use different energy sources to move
the turbine. Some use non-renewable energies, such
as coal, while others use renewable energies, such as
wind.
ELECTRICITY TRANSMISSION
The electricity generated at a power station is transmitted through
conducting wires to substations near populated areas. It is
transmitted through tall towers and special electrical power lines
called high-tension power transmission lines.
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4 Steam: the hot wet substance like a cloud that is produced when water is heated.
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ELECTRICITY DISTRIBUTION AND CONSUMPTION
Power lines distribute electricity to homes, offices and industries. It is used by different
appliances to produce:
Heat: radiators
Movement: washing machines
Light: computers
Sound: doorbells
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HEAT LIGHT MOVEMENT SOUND
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ELECTRIC CIRCUITS
An electric circuit consists of different components connected to each other to allow
the flow of an electrical current.
The four basic components of an electric circuit are:
1. A generator. Which is the source of electricity, such as an electrical plant or a
battery.
2. An electrical component, such as a light bulb or a motor.
3. Conducting wires.
A switch to control the flow of electrical current. A switch in the position closes the
circuit and allows the flow of electrical current. A switch in the off position opens the
cir
There are 2 kinds of circuits and conductors:
1. Electrical conductors
• Some materials let electricity pass through
them easily. These materials are known as
electrical conductors.
• Many metals such as aluminium, copper, iron
and steel, are good electrical pass through are
always made of metal.
2. Electrical insulators
• Some materials do not allow electricity to pass
through them. These materials are known as
electrical insulators.
• Plastic, wood, glass and rubber are good electrical
insulators. That is why these materials are often
used to cover materials that carry electricity.
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TYPES OF CIRCUITS
Series Connections Parallel Connections
VOCABULARY
Match:
a. The flow of electrical charges . . insulators
a. Electrical current flows easily through these materials . . electrical current
b. Electrical current does not flow easily through these materials . . a switch
c. The source of electricity in an electric circuit . . conductors
e. It controls the flow of electrical current in an electric circuit . . a generator
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Activities:
1. Complete the sentences.
Repel neutral negatively attract positively
a) If an object has more negative charges than positive charges, it is ___________
charged.
b) If an object has more positive charges than negative charges, it is ____________
charged.
c) If an object has the same number of positive and negative charges, it is
__________.
d) Objects with the same charges ________________________ each other.
e) Objects with opposite charges ________________________ each other.
2. Write true or false
True False
1 A magnet is an object that can attract all types of objects
2 Magnets have two poles
3 Opposite magnetic poles repel each other
4 To make an electromagnet, you only need a conducting wire
5 Magnetic strips store information on credit cards
3. What does electricity produce in each case (heat, movement, light or sound)?
Heat Movement Light Sound
Lights on
Electric razor
Radio
Hair dryer
Radiator
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INVESTIGATION
1. What happens if you remove one of the light bulbs from the series circuit?
2. What happens if you remove one of the light bulbs grom the parallel circuit?
3. How is a string of lights for a Christmas tree connected, in series or in parallel?
Why?
4. Match and complete the table
Electricity is a form of energy that lights our towns, heats our homes and moves
machines. Primary energy sources like coal, natural gas, oil, nuclear power, wind, water
and the sun produce electricity. Electricity is a secondary energy source. We use
electricity every day.
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5.
6.
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MAGNETS
A magnet is an object which can attract objects made of iron, such as steel. This
attraction is called magnetism.
Magnets can be naturals, such as a mineral magnetite, or artificial,
such as magnets manufactured from metal.
Magnets have two poles: north and south.
When the opposite poles of two magnets are placed
together, the magnets attract each other. If the same
poles are placed together, the magnets repel each other.
MAGNETIC FIELDS
Magnets create magnetic fields. They are the space around a
magnet, where materials, such as iron filings, are affected by
magnetic forces.
ELECTROMAGNETS
An electromagnet is a conducting wire wrapped around a piece of
iron, called a coil, which acts as a magnet when electrical current
flows thought it.
MAGNETITE
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THE USES OF MAGNETS
Magnets are used in electric motors and generators for telephones, lights, televisions,
computers and more.
• Magnetic recording media are used in audio cassettes, floppy disks and hard
disks to store information in a very small space.
• Magnetic strips store information on credit cards.
• Electromagnets are used in televisions, computer monitors, loudspeakers and
microphones.
magnetic recording media magnetic strips electromagnets
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Activities:
1. Match and write.
This force slows or stops moving objects . .gravity
This force affects magnets and some metallic objects . . magnetic force
This force makes objects fall to the ground . . friction
This force is found in objects with electrical charges . . electric force