maglev levitation trains

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Maglev t rains By Vishal Dubey

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8/11/2019 Maglev Levitation Trains

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/maglev-levitation-trains 1/23

Maglev trains

By

Vishal Dubey

8/11/2019 Maglev Levitation Trains

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/maglev-levitation-trains 2/23

Vishal Dubey

Agenda

• Introduction

• Fast facts

• How it works

• Maglev technology• Electromagnetic suspension

• Electrodynamic suspension

Stability• Power and energy usage

• Advantages and disadvantages of Maglev Train

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Introduction

• Magnetic levitation transport is a form oftransportation that suspends guides and propels

vehicles through the harnessing of electromagnetic

force.

• The term "maglev" refers not only to the vehicles 

but also to the railway system.

• Maglev train uses magnetic levitation from a very

large number of magnets for lift and propulsion.

• Has the potential to be faster, quieter and

smoother than wheeled mass transit systems

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Introduction

• Power needed for levitation is usually not alarge percentage of the overall consumption

• In the present moment there are several

countries working on the development ofMagnetic Levitating trains:

Japan and Germany were pioneers; USA and

Australia are working in on it now.China is not a pioneer having build a maglev

train from Shanghai to its city

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Did you Know?

• Maglev trains can attain speeds of 250 mpheasily (the speed of a jet aircraft).

• The Japanese Maglev's last record was of

581km/h.• The Shanghai Maglev Train can speed up to

431 km/h, or 267 mph.

• The first commercial Maglev was opened in1984 in Birmingham, England, coveringsome 600 meters between its airport andrail hub

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How it works

• A maglev train floats about 10mm abovethe guideway on a magnetic field.

• It is propelled by the guideway itself rather

than an onboard engine by changingmagnetic fields

• Once the train is pulled into the nextsection the magnetism switches so that the

train is pulled on again.• The Electro-magnets run the length of the

guideway.

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How it works

• The train cars use gigantic magnets to hover

above their tracks, decreasing the negative

impact friction has on a train's speed and

allowing the cars to achieve much greater

speeds than normal railroad cars.

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Maglev technology

• There are two primary types of maglev

technology:

• electromagnetic suspension (EMS)

• electrodynamic suspension (EDS)

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Electromagnetic suspension

• In current EMS systems, the train levitates

above a steel rail while electromagnets,

attached to the train, are oriented toward the

rail from below.

• The electromagnets use feedback control to

maintain a train at a constant distance from

the track.

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Advantage

• Proven, commercially available technology 

that can attain very high speeds (500 km/h)

• No wheels or secondary propulsion system 

needed

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Disadvantage

• The separation between the vehicle and the

guide way must be constantly monitored and

corrected by computer systems to avoid

collision due to the unstable nature of

electromagnetic attraction.

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Electrodynamic suspension

•In Electrodynamic suspension, both therail and the train exert a magnetic field,

and the train is levitated by the repulsive

force between these magnetic fields• The magnetic field in the train is

produced by either electromagnets or by

an array of permanent magnets.

• The repulsive force in the track is created

by an induced magnetic field in wires or

other conducting strips in the track.

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Electrodynamic suspension

• At slow speeds, the current induced in these

coils and the resultant magnetic flux is not

large enough to support the weight of the

train.

• For this reason the train must have wheels or

some other form of landing gear to support 

the train until it reaches a speed that cansustain levitation.

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Electrodynamic suspension

• Propulsion coils on the guideway are usedto exert a force on the magnets in the

train and make the train move forward.

• The propulsion coils that exert a force onthe train are effectively a linear motor.

• An alternating current flowing through

the coils generates a continuously varyingmagnetic field that moves forward along

the track.

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Electrodynamic suspension

• The frequency of the alternating current is

synchronized to match the speed of the

train. The offset between the field exerted

by magnets on the train and the appliedfield create a force moving the train

forward.

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Advantage

• Onboard magnets and large margin betweenrail and train enable highest recorded train

speeds (581 km/h) and heavy load capacity

• Successful operations using high temperaturesuperconductors in its onboard magnets,

cooled with inexpensive liquid nitrogen.

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Disadvantage

• Strong magnetic fields onboard the trainwould make the train inaccessible to

passengers with pacemakers or magnetic

data storage media such as hard drives andcredit cards, necessitating the use of

magnetic shielding; vehicle must be

wheeled for travel at low speeds; systemper mile cost still considered prohibitive;

the system is not yet out of prototype

phase.

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Stability

• EMS systems rely on active electronic

stabilization.

• As Maglev vehicles essentially fly, stabilisation

of pitch, roll and yaw is required by magnetic

technology.

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Power and energy usage

• Energy for maglev trains is used to acceleratethe train, and may be regained when the trainslows down.

•  Also used to make the train levitate and tostabilise the movement of the train

• Main part of the energy is needed to force thetrain through the air

•  Some energy is used for air conditioning,heating, lighting.

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Power and energy usage

• At very low speeds the percentage of power

used for levitation can be significant.

• Also for very short distances the energy used

for acceleration might be considered.

• The power used to overcome air drag

increases with the cube of the velocity, and

hence dominates at high speed

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Advantages of Maglev

•A Maglev is way faster than your usual bullettrain. Maglevs can reach speeds up to 500

kilometres per hour. 

• Due to its lack of wheels, MagLevs are quieter 

than normal trains, or sometimes even traffic.

• Maglevs use 30% less energy than normal trains.

• In theory, a Maglev and its track would require

very little maintenance since the train never

touches the track there is virtually no wear and

tear.

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Disadvantages of Maglev

• The Maglev's track is much more expensive

than railroad tracks.

• Whole new sets of tracks would have to be

built for the Maglev to run. Many

Transportation vehicles in Europe run on

existing track, like the TGV trains in France.

• Although Maglevs are pretty quiet, noise 

caused by air disturbance still occurs.

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• Thank You!

• Any questions?