maddie keist tercera hora. los usos del preterito y imperfecto el preterito to tell of something...
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Maddie KeistTercera Hora
Los Usos del Preterito y Imperfecto
El Preterito
◦ To tell of something that happened once
◦ To tell of something that happened once but with a specific end
◦ To indicate the beginning or end of a process
El Imperfecto
◦ To tell of past or habitual or repeated actions
◦ To describe a condition, mental state, or state of being from the past
◦ To describe an action that occurred over a specific amount of time
El PretéritoEl PretéritoThe preterite form is used for actions that were completed in the past.
-AR verbs
-é -amos
-aste
-ó -aron
-ER & -IR verbs
-í -imos
-iste
-ió -ieron
VERBOS REGULARES
1.Drop the ar/er/ir ending of the infinitve2.Add the corresponding ending depending on whether the verb ended in ar/er/ir
You drank almost all of the juice that I bought.
Tú beberistecasi todo el jugo yocompraré.
CAR/GAR/ZAR
◦-car -qué
◦-gar -gué
◦-zar -cé
**yo form only
I Y
◦Used for verbs that end in -aer, -eer, -oír, and –oer
◦The él/ella/usted forms use the ending "yó" (rather than ió)
◦ The third person plural uses the ending "yeron" (rather than ieron)
◦The remaining forms gain a written accent over the letter "i."
STEM CHANGERS
◦-ar & -er verbs that are stem changers in the present tense do not change their stems in the preterite.
◦-ir verbs that are stem changers in the present tense change their stems in the preterite such that e:i and o:u
**third person only (singular and plural
I Y
The I to Y rules are applied to the verb creer in the preterite.
creí creímos
creíste
creyó creyeron
CAR/GAR/ZAR
Almorzar: The yo form replaces the “z” with a “c” so that it becomes “Almorcé.”
STEM CHANGERS Pensar is a stem changer in
the present tense, but because it is an –ar verb, it is conjugated normally, without changing its stem when in the preterite form.
Dormir is an –ir stem changer in the present tense, so in the preterite, the third person forms change stems from “o” to “u.”dormí dormimos
dormiste
durmió durmieron
◦ Son muchos irregulars en el preterito. Desfortunadament, necesitas memorizarlos! La lista de los irregulars del preterito incluye: andar, caber, estar, haber, hacer, poder, poner, querer, saber, tener, y vivir.
◦ Todos de estos verbos usa los conjugaciones:
-e -imos
-iste
-o -ieron
Ejemplo: Él tuvo mucha comida.
El ImperfectoEl ImperfectoThe Imperfect form is used when talking about past actions that are not seen as completed.
-AR Endings
-aba -ábamos
-abas
-aba -aban
-ER/-IR Endings
-ía -íamos
-ías
-ía -ían
***Note: It is a good idea to specify the pronoun “yo” or “el/ella/usted” since the endings are the same for these forms.
◦ ¡Solo hay tres verbos irregulars en el Imperfecto!
Era Éramos
Eras
Era Eran
Iba Ibamos
Ibas
Iba Iban
Veía Veíamos
Veías
Veía Veían
SER
VER
IR
***Note: It is a good idea to specify the pronoun “yo” or “el/ella/usted” since the verb is the same in these forms.
¡PRÁCTICA!
Choose the correct verb◦ Él habló/hablaba por teléfono ayer por la tarde.
◦ Los buenos estudiantes generalmente estudiaron/estudiaba antes de un examen.
◦ Yo siempre comí/comía después de escuela.
◦ Tú canto/cantaba cuando yo toqué/tocaba el piano.