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Machine Translation 01: Introduction Rico Sennrich (slide credit to Adam Lopez) University of Edinburgh R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 1 / 40

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Page 1: Machine Translation - 01: Introductionhomepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/rsennric/mt18/1.pdf · Machine Translation 01: Introduction Rico Sennrich (slide credit to Adam Lopez) University of Edinburgh

Machine Translation01: Introduction

Rico Sennrich(slide credit to Adam Lopez)

University of Edinburgh

R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 1 / 40

Page 2: Machine Translation - 01: Introductionhomepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/rsennric/mt18/1.pdf · Machine Translation 01: Introduction Rico Sennrich (slide credit to Adam Lopez) University of Edinburgh

The Confusion of Tongues

Gustave Doré (1865)

R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 1 / 40

Page 3: Machine Translation - 01: Introductionhomepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/rsennric/mt18/1.pdf · Machine Translation 01: Introduction Rico Sennrich (slide credit to Adam Lopez) University of Edinburgh

Georges Artsrouni’s “mechanical brain”, patented 1933 (France)

R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 2 / 40

Page 4: Machine Translation - 01: Introductionhomepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/rsennric/mt18/1.pdf · Machine Translation 01: Introduction Rico Sennrich (slide credit to Adam Lopez) University of Edinburgh

ENIAC (1946), first computer

Gloria Ruth Gordon and Ester Gerson, first programmers

R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 3 / 40

Page 5: Machine Translation - 01: Introductionhomepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/rsennric/mt18/1.pdf · Machine Translation 01: Introduction Rico Sennrich (slide credit to Adam Lopez) University of Edinburgh

When I look at an article in Russian, I say: “This

is really written in English, but it has been coded in some strange symbols. I will now proceed to decode.”

Warren Weaver (1949)

R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 4 / 40

Page 6: Machine Translation - 01: Introductionhomepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/rsennric/mt18/1.pdf · Machine Translation 01: Introduction Rico Sennrich (slide credit to Adam Lopez) University of Edinburgh

Popular view of MT in 2005

R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 5 / 40

Page 7: Machine Translation - 01: Introductionhomepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/rsennric/mt18/1.pdf · Machine Translation 01: Introduction Rico Sennrich (slide credit to Adam Lopez) University of Edinburgh

Popular view of MT in 2005

Popular view of NLP:

R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 6 / 40

Page 8: Machine Translation - 01: Introductionhomepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/rsennric/mt18/1.pdf · Machine Translation 01: Introduction Rico Sennrich (slide credit to Adam Lopez) University of Edinburgh

Popular view of MT in 2017

R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 7 / 40

Page 9: Machine Translation - 01: Introductionhomepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/rsennric/mt18/1.pdf · Machine Translation 01: Introduction Rico Sennrich (slide credit to Adam Lopez) University of Edinburgh

Popular view of MT in 2017

and NLP:

R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 8 / 40

Page 10: Machine Translation - 01: Introductionhomepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/rsennric/mt18/1.pdf · Machine Translation 01: Introduction Rico Sennrich (slide credit to Adam Lopez) University of Edinburgh

R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 9 / 40

Page 11: Machine Translation - 01: Introductionhomepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/rsennric/mt18/1.pdf · Machine Translation 01: Introduction Rico Sennrich (slide credit to Adam Lopez) University of Edinburgh

R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 9 / 40

Page 12: Machine Translation - 01: Introductionhomepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/rsennric/mt18/1.pdf · Machine Translation 01: Introduction Rico Sennrich (slide credit to Adam Lopez) University of Edinburgh

R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 10 / 40

Page 13: Machine Translation - 01: Introductionhomepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/rsennric/mt18/1.pdf · Machine Translation 01: Introduction Rico Sennrich (slide credit to Adam Lopez) University of Edinburgh

R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 11 / 40

Page 14: Machine Translation - 01: Introductionhomepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/rsennric/mt18/1.pdf · Machine Translation 01: Introduction Rico Sennrich (slide credit to Adam Lopez) University of Edinburgh

R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 12 / 40

Page 15: Machine Translation - 01: Introductionhomepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/rsennric/mt18/1.pdf · Machine Translation 01: Introduction Rico Sennrich (slide credit to Adam Lopez) University of Edinburgh

R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 13 / 40

Page 16: Machine Translation - 01: Introductionhomepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/rsennric/mt18/1.pdf · Machine Translation 01: Introduction Rico Sennrich (slide credit to Adam Lopez) University of Edinburgh

Translation Exercise

R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 14 / 40

Page 17: Machine Translation - 01: Introductionhomepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/rsennric/mt18/1.pdf · Machine Translation 01: Introduction Rico Sennrich (slide credit to Adam Lopez) University of Edinburgh

iat lat pippat eneat hilat oloat at-yurp .

ok-voon ororok sprok .

at-voon bichat dat .ok-drubel ok-voon anok plok sprok .

at-drubel at-voon pippat rrat dat .

erok sprok izok hihok ghirok .

totat dat arrat vat hilat . ok-voon anok drok brok jok .

at-voon krat pippat sat lat . wiwok farok izok stok .

totat jjat quat cat . lalok sprok izok jok stok .

wat dat krat quat cat .

lalok farok ororok lalok sprok izok enemok .

wat jjat bichat wat dat vat eneat . lalok brok anok plok nok .

iat lat pippat rrat nnat . wiwok nok izok kantok ok-yurp .

totat nnat quat oloat at-yurp . lalok mok nok yorok ghirok clok .

wat nnat gat mat bat hilat . lalok nok crrrok hihok yorok zanzanok .

wat nnat arrat mat zanzanat . lalok rarok nok izok hihok mok .

wat nnat forat arrat vat gat .

R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 14 / 40

Page 18: Machine Translation - 01: Introductionhomepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/rsennric/mt18/1.pdf · Machine Translation 01: Introduction Rico Sennrich (slide credit to Adam Lopez) University of Edinburgh

iat lat pippat eneat hilat oloat at-yurp .

ok-voon ororok sprok .

at-voon bichat dat .ok-drubel ok-voon anok plok sprok .

at-drubel at-voon pippat rrat dat .

erok sprok izok hihok ghirok .

totat dat arrat vat hilat . ok-voon anok drok brok jok .

at-voon krat pippat sat lat . wiwok farok izok stok .

totat jjat quat cat . lalok sprok izok jok stok .

wat dat krat quat cat .

lalok farok ororok lalok sprok izok enemok .

wat jjat bichat wat dat vat eneat . lalok brok anok plok nok .

iat lat pippat rrat nnat . wiwok nok izok kantok ok-yurp .

totat nnat quat oloat at-yurp . lalok mok nok yorok ghirok clok .

wat nnat gat mat bat hilat . lalok nok crrrok hihok yorok zanzanok .

wat nnat arrat mat zanzanat . lalok rarok nok izok hihok mok .

wat nnat forat arrat vat gat .

R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 14 / 40

Page 19: Machine Translation - 01: Introductionhomepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/rsennric/mt18/1.pdf · Machine Translation 01: Introduction Rico Sennrich (slide credit to Adam Lopez) University of Edinburgh

pippat : anokquat : izokrrat : ploksat : drok

totat : eroktotat : wiwok

vat : izokwat : lalok

zanzanat : zanzanok??? : crrrok

arrat : hihokat-drubel : ok-drubel

at-voon : ok-voonat-yurp : ok-yurp

bat : clokbichat : ororok

cat : stokdat : sprok

eneat : enemokforat : rarok

iat lat pippat eneat hilat oloat at-yurp .

gat : mokhilat : ghirok

iat : lalokjjat : farokkrat : joklat : brok

mat : yoroknnat : nok

oloat : kantok

R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 15 / 40

Page 20: Machine Translation - 01: Introductionhomepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/rsennric/mt18/1.pdf · Machine Translation 01: Introduction Rico Sennrich (slide credit to Adam Lopez) University of Edinburgh

pippat : anokquat : izokrrat : ploksat : drok

totat : eroktotat : wiwok

vat : izokwat : lalok

zanzanat : zanzanok??? : crrrok

arrat : hihokat-drubel : ok-drubel

at-voon : ok-voonat-yurp : ok-yurp

bat : clokbichat : ororok

cat : stokdat : sprok

eneat : enemokforat : rarok

iat lat pippat eneat hilat oloat at-yurp .

gat : mokhilat : ghirok

iat : lalokjjat : farokkrat : joklat : brok

mat : yoroknnat : nok

oloat : kantok

R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 15 / 40

Page 21: Machine Translation - 01: Introductionhomepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/rsennric/mt18/1.pdf · Machine Translation 01: Introduction Rico Sennrich (slide credit to Adam Lopez) University of Edinburgh

pippat : anokquat : izokrrat : ploksat : drok

totat : eroktotat : wiwok

vat : izokwat : lalok

zanzanat : zanzanok??? : crrrok

arrat : hihokat-drubel : ok-drubel

at-voon : ok-voonat-yurp : ok-yurp

bat : clokbichat : ororok

cat : stokdat : sprok

eneat : enemokforat : rarok

iat lat pippat eneat hilat oloat at-yurp .

gat : mokhilat : ghirok

iat : lalokjjat : farokkrat : joklat : brok

mat : yoroknnat : nok

oloat : kantok

lalok brok anok enemok ghirok kantok ok-yurp .

R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 15 / 40

Page 22: Machine Translation - 01: Introductionhomepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/rsennric/mt18/1.pdf · Machine Translation 01: Introduction Rico Sennrich (slide credit to Adam Lopez) University of Edinburgh

ok-voon ororok sprok .

at-voon bichat dat .ok-drubel ok-voon anok plok sprok .

at-drubel at-voon pippat rrat dat .

erok sprok izok hihok ghirok .

totat dat arrat vat hilat . ok-voon anok drok brok jok .

at-voon krat pippat sat lat . wiwok farok izok stok .

totat jjat quat cat . lalok sprok izok jok stok .

wat dat krat quat cat .

lalok farok ororok lalok sprok izok enemok .

wat jjat bichat wat dat vat eneat . lalok brok anok plok nok .

iat lat pippat rrat nnat . wiwok nok izok kantok ok-yurp .

totat nnat quat oloat at-yurp . lalok mok nok yorok ghirok clok .

wat nnat gat mat bat hilat . lalok nok crrrok hihok yorok zanzanok .

wat nnat arrat mat zanzanat . lalok rarok nok izok hihok mok .

wat nnat forat arrat vat gat .

iat lat pippat eneat hilat oloat at-yurp .

lalok brok anok enemok ghirok kantok ok-yurp .

R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 16 / 40

Page 23: Machine Translation - 01: Introductionhomepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/rsennric/mt18/1.pdf · Machine Translation 01: Introduction Rico Sennrich (slide credit to Adam Lopez) University of Edinburgh

ok-voon ororok sprok .

at-voon bichat dat .ok-drubel ok-voon anok plok sprok .

at-drubel at-voon pippat rrat dat .

erok sprok izok hihok ghirok .

totat dat arrat vat hilat . ok-voon anok drok brok jok .

at-voon krat pippat sat lat . wiwok farok izok stok .

totat jjat quat cat . lalok sprok izok jok stok .

wat dat krat quat cat .

lalok farok ororok lalok sprok izok enemok .

wat jjat bichat wat dat vat eneat . lalok brok anok plok nok .

iat lat pippat rrat nnat . wiwok nok izok kantok ok-yurp .

totat nnat quat oloat at-yurp . lalok mok nok yorok ghirok clok .

wat nnat gat mat bat hilat . lalok nok crrrok hihok yorok zanzanok .

wat nnat arrat mat zanzanat . lalok rarok nok izok hihok mok .

wat nnat forat arrat vat gat .

iat lat pippat eneat hilat oloat at-yurp .

lalok anok brok enemok kantok ghirok ok-yurp .

R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 16 / 40

Page 24: Machine Translation - 01: Introductionhomepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/rsennric/mt18/1.pdf · Machine Translation 01: Introduction Rico Sennrich (slide credit to Adam Lopez) University of Edinburgh

ok-voon ororok sprok .

at-voon bichat dat .ok-drubel ok-voon anok plok sprok .

at-drubel at-voon pippat rrat dat .

erok sprok izok hihok ghirok .

totat dat arrat vat hilat . ok-voon anok drok brok jok .

at-voon krat pippat sat lat . wiwok farok izok stok .

totat jjat quat cat . lalok sprok izok jok stok .

wat dat krat quat cat .

lalok farok ororok lalok sprok izok enemok .

wat jjat bichat wat dat vat eneat . lalok brok anok plok nok .

iat lat pippat rrat nnat . wiwok nok izok kantok ok-yurp .

totat nnat quat oloat at-yurp . lalok mok nok yorok ghirok clok .

wat nnat gat mat bat hilat . lalok nok crrrok hihok yorok zanzanok .

wat nnat arrat mat zanzanat . lalok rarok nok izok hihok mok .

wat nnat forat arrat vat gat .

iat lat pippat eneat hilat oloat at-yurp .

lalok brok anok kantok ghirok enemok ok-yurp .

R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 16 / 40

Page 25: Machine Translation - 01: Introductionhomepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/rsennric/mt18/1.pdf · Machine Translation 01: Introduction Rico Sennrich (slide credit to Adam Lopez) University of Edinburgh

ok-voon ororok sprok .

at-voon bichat dat .ok-drubel ok-voon anok plok sprok .

at-drubel at-voon pippat rrat dat .

erok sprok izok hihok ghirok .

totat dat arrat vat hilat . ok-voon anok drok brok jok .

at-voon krat pippat sat lat . wiwok farok izok stok .

totat jjat quat cat . lalok sprok izok jok stok .

wat dat krat quat cat .

lalok farok ororok lalok sprok izok enemok .

wat jjat bichat wat dat vat eneat . lalok brok anok plok nok .

iat lat pippat rrat nnat . wiwok nok izok kantok ok-yurp .

totat nnat quat oloat at-yurp . lalok mok nok yorok ghirok clok .

wat nnat gat mat bat hilat . lalok nok crrrok hihok yorok zanzanok .

wat nnat arrat mat zanzanat . lalok rarok nok izok hihok mok .

wat nnat forat arrat vat gat .

iat lat pippat eneat hilat oloat at-yurp .

lalok brok anok kantok ghirok enemok ok-yurp .

5040 possible orderings!

R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 16 / 40

Page 26: Machine Translation - 01: Introductionhomepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/rsennric/mt18/1.pdf · Machine Translation 01: Introduction Rico Sennrich (slide credit to Adam Lopez) University of Edinburgh

iat lat pippat eneat hilat oloat at-yurp .

lalok brok anok enemok ghirok kantok ok-yurp .

ok-drubel anok ghirok farok . wiwok rarok nok zerok ghirok enemok .

ok-drubel ziplok stok vok erok enemok kantok ok-yurp zinok jok yorok clok .lalok clok izok vok ok-drubel .

ok-voon ororok sprok . ok-drubel ok-voon anok plok sprok .

erok sprok izok hihok ghirok . ok-voon anok drok brok jok .

wiwok farok izok stok .lalok sprok izok jok stok .lalok brok anok plok nok .

lalok farok ororok lalok sprok izok enemok .wiwok nok izok kantok ok-yurp .lalok mok nok yorok ghirok clok .

lalok nok crrrok hihok yorok zanzanok .lalok rarok nok izok hihok mok .

R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 17 / 40

Page 27: Machine Translation - 01: Introductionhomepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/rsennric/mt18/1.pdf · Machine Translation 01: Introduction Rico Sennrich (slide credit to Adam Lopez) University of Edinburgh

iat lat pippat eneat hilat oloat at-yurp .

lalok brok anok enemok ghirok kantok ok-yurp .

ok-drubel anok ghirok farok . wiwok rarok nok zerok ghirok enemok .

ok-drubel ziplok stok vok erok enemok kantok ok-yurp zinok jok yorok clok .lalok clok izok vok ok-drubel .

ok-voon ororok sprok . ok-drubel ok-voon anok plok sprok .

erok sprok izok hihok ghirok . ok-voon anok drok brok jok .

wiwok farok izok stok .lalok sprok izok jok stok .lalok brok anok plok nok .

lalok farok ororok lalok sprok izok enemok .wiwok nok izok kantok ok-yurp .lalok mok nok yorok ghirok clok .

lalok nok crrrok hihok yorok zanzanok .lalok rarok nok izok hihok mok .

R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 17 / 40

Page 28: Machine Translation - 01: Introductionhomepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/rsennric/mt18/1.pdf · Machine Translation 01: Introduction Rico Sennrich (slide credit to Adam Lopez) University of Edinburgh

iat lat pippat eneat hilat oloat at-yurp .

lalok brok anok enemok ghirok kantok ok-yurp .

ok-drubel anok ghirok farok . wiwok rarok nok zerok ghirok enemok .

ok-drubel ziplok stok vok erok enemok kantok ok-yurp zinok jok yorok clok .lalok clok izok vok ok-drubel .

ok-voon ororok sprok . ok-drubel ok-voon anok plok sprok .

erok sprok izok hihok ghirok . ok-voon anok drok brok jok .

wiwok farok izok stok .lalok sprok izok jok stok .lalok brok anok plok nok .

lalok farok ororok lalok sprok izok enemok .wiwok nok izok kantok ok-yurp .lalok mok nok yorok ghirok clok .

lalok nok crrrok hihok yorok zanzanok .lalok rarok nok izok hihok mok .

R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 17 / 40

Page 29: Machine Translation - 01: Introductionhomepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/rsennric/mt18/1.pdf · Machine Translation 01: Introduction Rico Sennrich (slide credit to Adam Lopez) University of Edinburgh

iat lat pippat eneat hilat oloat at-yurp .

lalok brok anok enemok ghirok kantok ok-yurp .

ok-drubel anok ghirok farok . wiwok rarok nok zerok ghirok enemok .

ok-drubel ziplok stok vok erok enemok kantok ok-yurp zinok jok yorok clok .lalok clok izok vok ok-drubel .

ok-voon ororok sprok . ok-drubel ok-voon anok plok sprok .

erok sprok izok hihok ghirok . ok-voon anok drok brok jok .

wiwok farok izok stok .lalok sprok izok jok stok .lalok brok anok plok nok .

lalok farok ororok lalok sprok izok enemok .wiwok nok izok kantok ok-yurp .lalok mok nok yorok ghirok clok .

lalok nok crrrok hihok yorok zanzanok .lalok rarok nok izok hihok mok .

R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 17 / 40

Page 30: Machine Translation - 01: Introductionhomepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/rsennric/mt18/1.pdf · Machine Translation 01: Introduction Rico Sennrich (slide credit to Adam Lopez) University of Edinburgh

iat lat pippat eneat hilat oloat at-yurp .

lalok brok anok enemok ghirok kantok ok-yurp .

ok-drubel anok ghirok farok . wiwok rarok nok zerok ghirok enemok .

ok-drubel ziplok stok vok erok enemok kantok ok-yurp zinok jok yorok clok .lalok clok izok vok ok-drubel .

ok-voon ororok sprok . ok-drubel ok-voon anok plok sprok .

erok sprok izok hihok ghirok . ok-voon anok drok brok jok .

wiwok farok izok stok .lalok sprok izok jok stok .lalok brok anok plok nok .

lalok farok ororok lalok sprok izok enemok .wiwok nok izok kantok ok-yurp .lalok mok nok yorok ghirok clok .

lalok nok crrrok hihok yorok zanzanok .lalok rarok nok izok hihok mok .

R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 17 / 40

Page 31: Machine Translation - 01: Introductionhomepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/rsennric/mt18/1.pdf · Machine Translation 01: Introduction Rico Sennrich (slide credit to Adam Lopez) University of Edinburgh

iat lat pippat eneat hilat oloat at-yurp .

lalok brok anok enemok ghirok kantok ok-yurp .

ok-drubel anok ghirok farok . wiwok rarok nok zerok ghirok enemok .

ok-drubel ziplok stok vok erok enemok kantok ok-yurp zinok jok yorok clok .lalok clok izok vok ok-drubel .

ok-voon ororok sprok . ok-drubel ok-voon anok plok sprok .

erok sprok izok hihok ghirok . ok-voon anok drok brok jok .

wiwok farok izok stok .lalok sprok izok jok stok .lalok brok anok plok nok .

lalok farok ororok lalok sprok izok enemok .wiwok nok izok kantok ok-yurp .lalok mok nok yorok ghirok clok .

lalok nok crrrok hihok yorok zanzanok .lalok rarok nok izok hihok mok .

R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 17 / 40

Page 32: Machine Translation - 01: Introductionhomepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/rsennric/mt18/1.pdf · Machine Translation 01: Introduction Rico Sennrich (slide credit to Adam Lopez) University of Edinburgh

iat lat pippat eneat hilat oloat at-yurp .

lalok brok anok enemok ghirok kantok ok-yurp .

ok-drubel anok ghirok farok . wiwok rarok nok zerok ghirok enemok .

ok-drubel ziplok stok vok erok enemok kantok ok-yurp zinok jok yorok clok .lalok clok izok vok ok-drubel .

ok-voon ororok sprok . ok-drubel ok-voon anok plok sprok .

erok sprok izok hihok ghirok . ok-voon anok drok brok jok .

wiwok farok izok stok .lalok sprok izok jok stok .lalok brok anok plok nok .

lalok farok ororok lalok sprok izok enemok .wiwok nok izok kantok ok-yurp .lalok mok nok yorok ghirok clok .

lalok nok crrrok hihok yorok zanzanok .lalok rarok nok izok hihok mok .

R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 17 / 40

Page 33: Machine Translation - 01: Introductionhomepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/rsennric/mt18/1.pdf · Machine Translation 01: Introduction Rico Sennrich (slide credit to Adam Lopez) University of Edinburgh

iat lat pippat eneat hilat oloat at-yurp .

lalok brok anok enemok ghirok kantok ok-yurp .

ok-drubel anok ghirok farok . wiwok rarok nok zerok ghirok enemok .

ok-drubel ziplok stok vok erok enemok kantok ok-yurp zinok jok yorok clok .lalok clok izok vok ok-drubel .

ok-voon ororok sprok . ok-drubel ok-voon anok plok sprok .

erok sprok izok hihok ghirok . ok-voon anok drok brok jok .

wiwok farok izok stok .lalok sprok izok jok stok .lalok brok anok plok nok .

lalok farok ororok lalok sprok izok enemok .wiwok nok izok kantok ok-yurp .lalok mok nok yorok ghirok clok .

lalok nok crrrok hihok yorok zanzanok .lalok rarok nok izok hihok mok .

R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 17 / 40

Page 34: Machine Translation - 01: Introductionhomepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/rsennric/mt18/1.pdf · Machine Translation 01: Introduction Rico Sennrich (slide credit to Adam Lopez) University of Edinburgh

iat lat pippat eneat hilat oloat at-yurp .

lalok brok anok enemok ghirok kantok ok-yurp .

ok-drubel anok ghirok farok . wiwok rarok nok zerok ghirok enemok .

ok-drubel ziplok stok vok erok enemok kantok ok-yurp zinok jok yorok clok .lalok clok izok vok ok-drubel .

ok-voon ororok sprok . ok-drubel ok-voon anok plok sprok .

erok sprok izok hihok ghirok . ok-voon anok drok brok jok .

wiwok farok izok stok .lalok sprok izok jok stok .lalok brok anok plok nok .

lalok farok ororok lalok sprok izok enemok .wiwok nok izok kantok ok-yurp .lalok mok nok yorok ghirok clok .

lalok nok crrrok hihok yorok zanzanok .lalok rarok nok izok hihok mok .

R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 17 / 40

Page 35: Machine Translation - 01: Introductionhomepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/rsennric/mt18/1.pdf · Machine Translation 01: Introduction Rico Sennrich (slide credit to Adam Lopez) University of Edinburgh

iat lat pippat eneat hilat oloat at-yurp .

lalok brok anok ghirok enemok kantok ok-yurp .

ok-drubel anok ghirok farok . wiwok rarok nok zerok ghirok enemok .

ok-drubel ziplok stok vok erok enemok kantok ok-yurp zinok jok yorok clok .lalok clok izok vok ok-drubel .

ok-voon ororok sprok . ok-drubel ok-voon anok plok sprok .

erok sprok izok hihok ghirok . ok-voon anok drok brok jok .

wiwok farok izok stok .lalok sprok izok jok stok .lalok brok anok plok nok .

lalok farok ororok lalok sprok izok enemok .wiwok nok izok kantok ok-yurp .lalok mok nok yorok ghirok clok .

lalok nok crrrok hihok yorok zanzanok .lalok rarok nok izok hihok mok .

R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 17 / 40

Page 36: Machine Translation - 01: Introductionhomepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/rsennric/mt18/1.pdf · Machine Translation 01: Introduction Rico Sennrich (slide credit to Adam Lopez) University of Edinburgh

iat lat pippat eneat hilat oloat at-yurp .

lalok brok anok ghirok enemok kantok ok-yurp .

ok-drubel anok ghirok farok . wiwok rarok nok zerok ghirok enemok .

ok-drubel ziplok stok vok erok enemok kantok ok-yurp zinok jok yorok clok .lalok clok izok vok ok-drubel .

ok-voon ororok sprok . ok-drubel ok-voon anok plok sprok .

erok sprok izok hihok ghirok . ok-voon anok drok brok jok .

wiwok farok izok stok .lalok sprok izok jok stok .lalok brok anok plok nok .

lalok farok ororok lalok sprok izok enemok .wiwok nok izok kantok ok-yurp .lalok mok nok yorok ghirok clok .

lalok nok crrrok hihok yorok zanzanok .lalok rarok nok izok hihok mok .

R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 17 / 40

Page 37: Machine Translation - 01: Introductionhomepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/rsennric/mt18/1.pdf · Machine Translation 01: Introduction Rico Sennrich (slide credit to Adam Lopez) University of Edinburgh

iat lat pippat eneat hilat oloat at-yurp .

lalok brok anok ghirok enemok kantok ok-yurp .

ok-drubel anok ghirok farok . wiwok rarok nok zerok ghirok enemok .

ok-drubel ziplok stok vok erok enemok kantok ok-yurp zinok jok yorok clok .lalok clok izok vok ok-drubel .

ok-voon ororok sprok . ok-drubel ok-voon anok plok sprok .

erok sprok izok hihok ghirok . ok-voon anok drok brok jok .

wiwok farok izok stok .lalok sprok izok jok stok .lalok brok anok plok nok .

lalok farok ororok lalok sprok izok enemok .wiwok nok izok kantok ok-yurp .lalok mok nok yorok ghirok clok .

lalok nok crrrok hihok yorok zanzanok .lalok rarok nok izok hihok mok .

R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 17 / 40

Page 38: Machine Translation - 01: Introductionhomepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/rsennric/mt18/1.pdf · Machine Translation 01: Introduction Rico Sennrich (slide credit to Adam Lopez) University of Edinburgh

iat lat pippat eneat hilat oloat at-yurp .

lalok brok anok ghirok enemok kantok ok-yurp .

ok-drubel anok ghirok farok . wiwok rarok nok zerok ghirok enemok .

ok-drubel ziplok stok vok erok enemok kantok ok-yurp zinok jok yorok clok .lalok clok izok vok ok-drubel .

ok-voon ororok sprok . ok-drubel ok-voon anok plok sprok .

erok sprok izok hihok ghirok . ok-voon anok drok brok jok .

wiwok farok izok stok .lalok sprok izok jok stok .lalok brok anok plok nok .

lalok farok ororok lalok sprok izok enemok .wiwok nok izok kantok ok-yurp .lalok mok nok yorok ghirok clok .

lalok nok crrrok hihok yorok zanzanok .lalok rarok nok izok hihok mok .

R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 17 / 40

Page 39: Machine Translation - 01: Introductionhomepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/rsennric/mt18/1.pdf · Machine Translation 01: Introduction Rico Sennrich (slide credit to Adam Lopez) University of Edinburgh

iat lat pippat eneat hilat oloat at-yurp .

lalok brok anok ghirok enemok kantok ok-yurp .

ok-drubel anok ghirok farok . wiwok rarok nok zerok ghirok enemok .

ok-drubel ziplok stok vok erok enemok kantok ok-yurp zinok jok yorok clok .lalok clok izok vok ok-drubel .

ok-voon ororok sprok . ok-drubel ok-voon anok plok sprok .

erok sprok izok hihok ghirok . ok-voon anok drok brok jok .

wiwok farok izok stok .lalok sprok izok jok stok .lalok brok anok plok nok .

lalok farok ororok lalok sprok izok enemok .wiwok nok izok kantok ok-yurp .lalok mok nok yorok ghirok clok .

lalok nok crrrok hihok yorok zanzanok .lalok rarok nok izok hihok mok .

R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 17 / 40

Page 40: Machine Translation - 01: Introductionhomepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/rsennric/mt18/1.pdf · Machine Translation 01: Introduction Rico Sennrich (slide credit to Adam Lopez) University of Edinburgh

iat lat pippat eneat hilat oloat at-yurp .

lalok brok anok ghirok enemok kantok ok-yurp .

ok-drubel anok ghirok farok . wiwok rarok nok zerok ghirok enemok .

ok-drubel ziplok stok vok erok enemok kantok ok-yurp zinok jok yorok clok .lalok clok izok vok ok-drubel .

ok-voon ororok sprok . ok-drubel ok-voon anok plok sprok .

erok sprok izok hihok ghirok . ok-voon anok drok brok jok .

wiwok farok izok stok .lalok sprok izok jok stok .lalok brok anok plok nok .

lalok farok ororok lalok sprok izok enemok .wiwok nok izok kantok ok-yurp .lalok mok nok yorok ghirok clok .

lalok nok crrrok hihok yorok zanzanok .lalok rarok nok izok hihok mok .

R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 17 / 40

Page 41: Machine Translation - 01: Introductionhomepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/rsennric/mt18/1.pdf · Machine Translation 01: Introduction Rico Sennrich (slide credit to Adam Lopez) University of Edinburgh

iat lat pippat eneat hilat oloat at-yurp .

lalok brok anok ghirok enemok kantok ok-yurp .

ok-drubel anok ghirok farok . wiwok rarok nok zerok ghirok enemok .

ok-drubel ziplok stok vok erok enemok kantok ok-yurp zinok jok yorok clok .lalok clok izok vok ok-drubel .

ok-voon ororok sprok . ok-drubel ok-voon anok plok sprok .

erok sprok izok hihok ghirok . ok-voon anok drok brok jok .

wiwok farok izok stok .lalok sprok izok jok stok .lalok brok anok plok nok .

lalok farok ororok lalok sprok izok enemok .wiwok nok izok kantok ok-yurp .lalok mok nok yorok ghirok clok .

lalok nok crrrok hihok yorok zanzanok .lalok rarok nok izok hihok mok .

R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 17 / 40

Page 42: Machine Translation - 01: Introductionhomepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/rsennric/mt18/1.pdf · Machine Translation 01: Introduction Rico Sennrich (slide credit to Adam Lopez) University of Edinburgh

iat lat pippat eneat hilat oloat at-yurp .

lalok brok anok ghirok enemok kantok ok-yurp .

ok-drubel anok ghirok farok . wiwok rarok nok zerok ghirok enemok .

ok-drubel ziplok stok vok erok enemok kantok ok-yurp zinok jok yorok clok .lalok clok izok vok ok-drubel .

ok-voon ororok sprok . ok-drubel ok-voon anok plok sprok .

erok sprok izok hihok ghirok . ok-voon anok drok brok jok .

wiwok farok izok stok .lalok sprok izok jok stok .lalok brok anok plok nok .

lalok farok ororok lalok sprok izok enemok .wiwok nok izok kantok ok-yurp .lalok mok nok yorok ghirok clok .

lalok nok crrrok hihok yorok zanzanok .lalok rarok nok izok hihok mok .

R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 17 / 40

Page 43: Machine Translation - 01: Introductionhomepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/rsennric/mt18/1.pdf · Machine Translation 01: Introduction Rico Sennrich (slide credit to Adam Lopez) University of Edinburgh

R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 18 / 40

Page 44: Machine Translation - 01: Introductionhomepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/rsennric/mt18/1.pdf · Machine Translation 01: Introduction Rico Sennrich (slide credit to Adam Lopez) University of Edinburgh

totat nnat forat arrat mat bat .

R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 18 / 40

Page 45: Machine Translation - 01: Introductionhomepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/rsennric/mt18/1.pdf · Machine Translation 01: Introduction Rico Sennrich (slide credit to Adam Lopez) University of Edinburgh

totat nnat forat arrat mat bat .

pippat : anokquat : izokrrat : ploksat : drok

totat : eroktotat : wiwok

vat : izokwat : lalok

zanzanat : zanzanok??? : crrrok

arrat : hihokat-drubel : ok-drubel

at-voon : ok-voonat-yurp : ok-yurp

bat : clokbichat : ororok

cat : stokdat : sprok

eneat : enemokforat : rarok

gat : mokhilat : ghirok

iat : lalokjjat : farokkrat : joklat : brok

mat : yoroknnat : nok

oloat : kantok

R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 18 / 40

Page 46: Machine Translation - 01: Introductionhomepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/rsennric/mt18/1.pdf · Machine Translation 01: Introduction Rico Sennrich (slide credit to Adam Lopez) University of Edinburgh

totat nnat forat arrat mat bat .

pippat : anokquat : izokrrat : ploksat : drok

totat : eroktotat : wiwok

vat : izokwat : lalok

zanzanat : zanzanok??? : crrrok

arrat : hihokat-drubel : ok-drubel

at-voon : ok-voonat-yurp : ok-yurp

bat : clokbichat : ororok

cat : stokdat : sprok

eneat : enemokforat : rarok

gat : mokhilat : ghirok

iat : lalokjjat : farokkrat : joklat : brok

mat : yoroknnat : nok

oloat : kantok

R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 18 / 40

Page 47: Machine Translation - 01: Introductionhomepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/rsennric/mt18/1.pdf · Machine Translation 01: Introduction Rico Sennrich (slide credit to Adam Lopez) University of Edinburgh

totat nnat forat arrat mat bat .

pippat : anokquat : izokrrat : ploksat : drok

totat : eroktotat : wiwok

vat : izokwat : lalok

zanzanat : zanzanok??? : crrrok

arrat : hihokat-drubel : ok-drubel

at-voon : ok-voonat-yurp : ok-yurp

bat : clokbichat : ororok

cat : stokdat : sprok

eneat : enemokforat : rarok

gat : mokhilat : ghirok

iat : lalokjjat : farokkrat : joklat : brok

mat : yoroknnat : nok

oloat : kantok

erok|wiwok nok rarok hihok yorok clok .

R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 18 / 40

Page 48: Machine Translation - 01: Introductionhomepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/rsennric/mt18/1.pdf · Machine Translation 01: Introduction Rico Sennrich (slide credit to Adam Lopez) University of Edinburgh

totat nnat forat arrat mat bat .

erok|wiwok nok rarok hihok yorok clok .

ok-drubel anok ghirok farok . wiwok rarok nok zerok ghirok enemok .

ok-drubel ziplok stok vok erok enemok kantok ok-yurp zinok jok yorok clok .lalok clok izok vok ok-drubel .

ok-voon ororok sprok . ok-drubel ok-voon anok plok sprok .

erok sprok izok hihok ghirok . ok-voon anok drok brok jok .

wiwok farok izok stok .lalok sprok izok jok stok .lalok brok anok plok nok .

lalok farok ororok lalok sprok izok enemok .wiwok nok izok kantok ok-yurp .lalok mok nok yorok ghirok clok .

lalok nok crrrok hihok yorok zanzanok .lalok rarok nok izok hihok mok .

R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 19 / 40

Page 49: Machine Translation - 01: Introductionhomepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/rsennric/mt18/1.pdf · Machine Translation 01: Introduction Rico Sennrich (slide credit to Adam Lopez) University of Edinburgh

totat nnat forat arrat mat bat .

erok|wiwok nok rarok hihok yorok clok .

ok-drubel anok ghirok farok . wiwok rarok nok zerok ghirok enemok .

ok-drubel ziplok stok vok erok enemok kantok ok-yurp zinok jok yorok clok .lalok clok izok vok ok-drubel .

ok-voon ororok sprok . ok-drubel ok-voon anok plok sprok .

erok sprok izok hihok ghirok . ok-voon anok drok brok jok .

wiwok farok izok stok .lalok sprok izok jok stok .lalok brok anok plok nok .

lalok farok ororok lalok sprok izok enemok .wiwok nok izok kantok ok-yurp .lalok mok nok yorok ghirok clok .

lalok nok crrrok hihok yorok zanzanok .lalok rarok nok izok hihok mok .

R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 19 / 40

Page 50: Machine Translation - 01: Introductionhomepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/rsennric/mt18/1.pdf · Machine Translation 01: Introduction Rico Sennrich (slide credit to Adam Lopez) University of Edinburgh

totat nnat forat arrat mat bat .

erok|wiwok nok rarok hihok yorok clok .

ok-drubel anok ghirok farok . wiwok rarok nok zerok ghirok enemok .

ok-drubel ziplok stok vok erok enemok kantok ok-yurp zinok jok yorok clok .lalok clok izok vok ok-drubel .

ok-voon ororok sprok . ok-drubel ok-voon anok plok sprok .

erok sprok izok hihok ghirok . ok-voon anok drok brok jok .

wiwok farok izok stok .lalok sprok izok jok stok .lalok brok anok plok nok .

lalok farok ororok lalok sprok izok enemok .wiwok nok izok kantok ok-yurp .lalok mok nok yorok ghirok clok .

lalok nok crrrok hihok yorok zanzanok .lalok rarok nok izok hihok mok .

R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 19 / 40

Page 51: Machine Translation - 01: Introductionhomepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/rsennric/mt18/1.pdf · Machine Translation 01: Introduction Rico Sennrich (slide credit to Adam Lopez) University of Edinburgh

totat nnat forat arrat mat bat .

erok|wiwok rarok nok hihok yorok clok .

ok-drubel anok ghirok farok . wiwok rarok nok zerok ghirok enemok .

ok-drubel ziplok stok vok erok enemok kantok ok-yurp zinok jok yorok clok .lalok clok izok vok ok-drubel .

ok-voon ororok sprok . ok-drubel ok-voon anok plok sprok .

erok sprok izok hihok ghirok . ok-voon anok drok brok jok .

wiwok farok izok stok .lalok sprok izok jok stok .lalok brok anok plok nok .

lalok farok ororok lalok sprok izok enemok .wiwok nok izok kantok ok-yurp .lalok mok nok yorok ghirok clok .

lalok nok crrrok hihok yorok zanzanok .lalok rarok nok izok hihok mok .

R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 19 / 40

Page 52: Machine Translation - 01: Introductionhomepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/rsennric/mt18/1.pdf · Machine Translation 01: Introduction Rico Sennrich (slide credit to Adam Lopez) University of Edinburgh

totat nnat forat arrat mat bat .

erok|wiwok rarok nok hihok yorok clok .

ok-drubel anok ghirok farok . wiwok rarok nok zerok ghirok enemok .

ok-drubel ziplok stok vok erok enemok kantok ok-yurp zinok jok yorok clok .lalok clok izok vok ok-drubel .

ok-voon ororok sprok . ok-drubel ok-voon anok plok sprok .

erok sprok izok hihok ghirok . ok-voon anok drok brok jok .

wiwok farok izok stok .lalok sprok izok jok stok .lalok brok anok plok nok .

lalok farok ororok lalok sprok izok enemok .wiwok nok izok kantok ok-yurp .lalok mok nok yorok ghirok clok .

lalok nok crrrok hihok yorok zanzanok .lalok rarok nok izok hihok mok .

R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 19 / 40

Page 53: Machine Translation - 01: Introductionhomepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/rsennric/mt18/1.pdf · Machine Translation 01: Introduction Rico Sennrich (slide credit to Adam Lopez) University of Edinburgh

totat nnat forat arrat mat bat .

erok|wiwok rarok nok hihok yorok clok .

ok-drubel anok ghirok farok . wiwok rarok nok zerok ghirok enemok .

ok-drubel ziplok stok vok erok enemok kantok ok-yurp zinok jok yorok clok .lalok clok izok vok ok-drubel .

ok-voon ororok sprok . ok-drubel ok-voon anok plok sprok .

erok sprok izok hihok ghirok . ok-voon anok drok brok jok .

wiwok farok izok stok .lalok sprok izok jok stok .lalok brok anok plok nok .

lalok farok ororok lalok sprok izok enemok .wiwok nok izok kantok ok-yurp .lalok mok nok yorok ghirok clok .

lalok nok crrrok hihok yorok zanzanok .lalok rarok nok izok hihok mok .

R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 19 / 40

Page 54: Machine Translation - 01: Introductionhomepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/rsennric/mt18/1.pdf · Machine Translation 01: Introduction Rico Sennrich (slide credit to Adam Lopez) University of Edinburgh

totat nnat forat arrat mat bat .

erok|wiwok rarok nok hihok yorok clok .

ok-drubel anok ghirok farok . wiwok rarok nok zerok ghirok enemok .

ok-drubel ziplok stok vok erok enemok kantok ok-yurp zinok jok yorok clok .lalok clok izok vok ok-drubel .

ok-voon ororok sprok . ok-drubel ok-voon anok plok sprok .

erok sprok izok hihok ghirok . ok-voon anok drok brok jok .

wiwok farok izok stok .lalok sprok izok jok stok .lalok brok anok plok nok .

lalok farok ororok lalok sprok izok enemok .wiwok nok izok kantok ok-yurp .lalok mok nok yorok ghirok clok .

lalok nok crrrok hihok yorok zanzanok .lalok rarok nok izok hihok mok .

R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 19 / 40

Page 55: Machine Translation - 01: Introductionhomepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/rsennric/mt18/1.pdf · Machine Translation 01: Introduction Rico Sennrich (slide credit to Adam Lopez) University of Edinburgh

totat nnat forat arrat mat bat .

wiwok rarok nok crrrok hihok yorok clok .

ok-drubel anok ghirok farok . wiwok rarok nok zerok ghirok enemok .

ok-drubel ziplok stok vok erok enemok kantok ok-yurp zinok jok yorok clok .lalok clok izok vok ok-drubel .

ok-voon ororok sprok . ok-drubel ok-voon anok plok sprok .

erok sprok izok hihok ghirok . ok-voon anok drok brok jok .

wiwok farok izok stok .lalok sprok izok jok stok .lalok brok anok plok nok .

lalok farok ororok lalok sprok izok enemok .wiwok nok izok kantok ok-yurp .lalok mok nok yorok ghirok clok .

lalok nok crrrok hihok yorok zanzanok .lalok rarok nok izok hihok mok .

R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 19 / 40

Page 56: Machine Translation - 01: Introductionhomepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/rsennric/mt18/1.pdf · Machine Translation 01: Introduction Rico Sennrich (slide credit to Adam Lopez) University of Edinburgh

totat nnat forat arrat mat bat .

wiwok rarok nok crrrok hihok yorok clok .

ok-drubel anok ghirok farok . wiwok rarok nok zerok ghirok enemok .

ok-drubel ziplok stok vok erok enemok kantok ok-yurp zinok jok yorok clok .lalok clok izok vok ok-drubel .

ok-voon ororok sprok . ok-drubel ok-voon anok plok sprok .

erok sprok izok hihok ghirok . ok-voon anok drok brok jok .

wiwok farok izok stok .lalok sprok izok jok stok .lalok brok anok plok nok .

lalok farok ororok lalok sprok izok enemok .wiwok nok izok kantok ok-yurp .lalok mok nok yorok ghirok clok .

lalok nok crrrok hihok yorok zanzanok .lalok rarok nok izok hihok mok .

R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 19 / 40

Page 57: Machine Translation - 01: Introductionhomepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/rsennric/mt18/1.pdf · Machine Translation 01: Introduction Rico Sennrich (slide credit to Adam Lopez) University of Edinburgh

totat nnat forat arrat mat bat .

wiwok rarok nok crrrok hihok yorok clok .

ok-drubel anok ghirok farok . wiwok rarok nok zerok ghirok enemok .

ok-drubel ziplok stok vok erok enemok kantok ok-yurp zinok jok yorok clok .lalok clok izok vok ok-drubel .

ok-voon ororok sprok . ok-drubel ok-voon anok plok sprok .

erok sprok izok hihok ghirok . ok-voon anok drok brok jok .

wiwok farok izok stok .lalok sprok izok jok stok .lalok brok anok plok nok .

lalok farok ororok lalok sprok izok enemok .wiwok nok izok kantok ok-yurp .lalok mok nok yorok ghirok clok .

lalok nok crrrok hihok yorok zanzanok .lalok rarok nok izok hihok mok .

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Page 58: Machine Translation - 01: Introductionhomepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/rsennric/mt18/1.pdf · Machine Translation 01: Introduction Rico Sennrich (slide credit to Adam Lopez) University of Edinburgh

totat nnat forat arrat mat bat .

wiwok rarok nok crrrok hihok yorok clok .

ok-drubel anok ghirok farok . wiwok rarok nok zerok ghirok enemok .

ok-drubel ziplok stok vok erok enemok kantok ok-yurp zinok jok yorok clok .lalok clok izok vok ok-drubel .

ok-voon ororok sprok . ok-drubel ok-voon anok plok sprok .

erok sprok izok hihok ghirok . ok-voon anok drok brok jok .

wiwok farok izok stok .lalok sprok izok jok stok .lalok brok anok plok nok .

lalok farok ororok lalok sprok izok enemok .wiwok nok izok kantok ok-yurp .lalok mok nok yorok ghirok clok .

lalok nok crrrok hihok yorok zanzanok .lalok rarok nok izok hihok mok .

R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 19 / 40

Page 59: Machine Translation - 01: Introductionhomepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/rsennric/mt18/1.pdf · Machine Translation 01: Introduction Rico Sennrich (slide credit to Adam Lopez) University of Edinburgh

Is this exercise realistic?In real natural language...

R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 20 / 40

Page 60: Machine Translation - 01: Introductionhomepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/rsennric/mt18/1.pdf · Machine Translation 01: Introduction Rico Sennrich (slide credit to Adam Lopez) University of Edinburgh

Is this exercise realistic?In real natural language...

…words are ambiguous

English: bank

French: banque French: rive

R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 20 / 40

Page 61: Machine Translation - 01: Introductionhomepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/rsennric/mt18/1.pdf · Machine Translation 01: Introduction Rico Sennrich (slide credit to Adam Lopez) University of Edinburgh

Is this exercise realistic?In real natural language...

…words have complex morphology

R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 21 / 40

Page 62: Machine Translation - 01: Introductionhomepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/rsennric/mt18/1.pdf · Machine Translation 01: Introduction Rico Sennrich (slide credit to Adam Lopez) University of Edinburgh

Is this exercise realistic?In real natural language...

…words have complex morphology

… fanden sie sie auf den Stufen unseres Hauses sitzend …

… they found her sitting on the steps of our house …

R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 22 / 40

Page 63: Machine Translation - 01: Introductionhomepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/rsennric/mt18/1.pdf · Machine Translation 01: Introduction Rico Sennrich (slide credit to Adam Lopez) University of Edinburgh

Is this exercise realistic?forms of kataba (‘to write’) in Arabic

…words have complex morphology

R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 23 / 40

Page 64: Machine Translation - 01: Introductionhomepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/rsennric/mt18/1.pdf · Machine Translation 01: Introduction Rico Sennrich (slide credit to Adam Lopez) University of Edinburgh

Is this exercise realistic?In real natural language...

…words have complex morphology

Finnish: ostoskeskuksessa

ostos#keskus+N+Sg+Loc:in

shopping#center+N+Sg+Loc:in

English: ‘in the shopping center’

R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 24 / 40

Page 65: Machine Translation - 01: Introductionhomepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/rsennric/mt18/1.pdf · Machine Translation 01: Introduction Rico Sennrich (slide credit to Adam Lopez) University of Edinburgh

Is this exercise realistic?In real natural language...

…words may have non-standard orthography

dats why pluto is pluto it can neva b a star

R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 25 / 40

Page 66: Machine Translation - 01: Introductionhomepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/rsennric/mt18/1.pdf · Machine Translation 01: Introduction Rico Sennrich (slide credit to Adam Lopez) University of Edinburgh

Is this exercise realistic?In real natural language...

…word order matters

Jaime loves Casey

Casey loves Jaime

R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 26 / 40

Page 67: Machine Translation - 01: Introductionhomepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/rsennric/mt18/1.pdf · Machine Translation 01: Introduction Rico Sennrich (slide credit to Adam Lopez) University of Edinburgh

Is this exercise realistic?In real natural language...

…every word matters

R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 27 / 40

Page 68: Machine Translation - 01: Introductionhomepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/rsennric/mt18/1.pdf · Machine Translation 01: Introduction Rico Sennrich (slide credit to Adam Lopez) University of Edinburgh

Is this exercise realistic?In real natural language...

…every word matters

R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 27 / 40

Page 69: Machine Translation - 01: Introductionhomepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/rsennric/mt18/1.pdf · Machine Translation 01: Introduction Rico Sennrich (slide credit to Adam Lopez) University of Edinburgh

Is this exercise realistic?In real natural language...

…sentences are longer.

One of Scotland’s leading cultural heritage groups will stage the Mary, Queen of Scots Festival, which is hoped to become a major new attraction for the area, which has lost the T in the Park music festival this

summer after 18 years.

R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 28 / 40

Page 70: Machine Translation - 01: Introductionhomepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/rsennric/mt18/1.pdf · Machine Translation 01: Introduction Rico Sennrich (slide credit to Adam Lopez) University of Edinburgh

Is this exercise realistic?

R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 29 / 40

Page 71: Machine Translation - 01: Introductionhomepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/rsennric/mt18/1.pdf · Machine Translation 01: Introduction Rico Sennrich (slide credit to Adam Lopez) University of Edinburgh

iat lat pippat eneat hilat oloat at-yurp .

ok-voon ororok sprok .

at-voon bichat dat .ok-drubel ok-voon anok plok sprok .

at-drubel at-voon pippat rrat dat .

erok sprok izok hihok ghirok .

totat dat arrat vat hilat . ok-voon anok drok brok jok .

at-voon krat pippat sat lat . wiwok farok izok stok .

totat jjat quat cat . lalok sprok izok jok stok .

wat dat krat quat cat .

lalok farok ororok lalok sprok izok enemok .

wat jjat bichat wat dat vat eneat . lalok brok anok plok nok .

iat lat pippat rrat nnat . wiwok nok izok kantok ok-yurp .

totat nnat quat oloat at-yurp . lalok mok nok yorok ghirok clok .

wat nnat gat mat bat hilat . lalok nok crrrok hihok yorok zanzanok .

wat nnat arrat mat zanzanat . lalok rarok nok izok hihok mok .

wat nnat forat arrat vat gat .

lalok brok anok ghirok enemok kantok ok-yurp .

R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 30 / 40

Page 72: Machine Translation - 01: Introductionhomepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/rsennric/mt18/1.pdf · Machine Translation 01: Introduction Rico Sennrich (slide credit to Adam Lopez) University of Edinburgh

the clients and the associates are enemies .

los clientes y los asociados son enemigos .the company has three groups .

la empresa tiene tres grupos .its groups are in Europe .

sus grupos estan en Europa .the modern groups sell strong pharmaceuticals .

los grupos modernos venden medicinas fuertes .the groups do not sell zanzanine .

los grupos no venden zanzanina .the small groups are not modern .

los grupos pequenos no son modernos .

Garcia and associates .

Garcia y asociados .Carlos Garcia has three associates .

Carlos Garcia tiene tres asociados .his associates are not strong .

sus asociados no son fuertes .Garcia has a company also .

Garcia tambien tiene una empresa .its clients are angry .

sus clientes estan enfadados .the associates are also angry .

los asociados tambien estan enfadados .

la empresa tiene enemigos fuertes en Europa .

R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 31 / 40

Page 73: Machine Translation - 01: Introductionhomepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/rsennric/mt18/1.pdf · Machine Translation 01: Introduction Rico Sennrich (slide credit to Adam Lopez) University of Edinburgh

the clients and the associates are enemies .

los clientes y los asociados son enemigos .the company has three groups .

la empresa tiene tres grupos .its groups are in Europe .

sus grupos estan en Europa .the modern groups sell strong pharmaceuticals .

los grupos modernos venden medicinas fuertes .the groups do not sell zanzanine .

los grupos no venden zanzanina .the small groups are not modern .

los grupos pequenos no son modernos .

Garcia and associates .

Garcia y asociados .Carlos Garcia has three associates .

Carlos Garcia tiene tres asociados .his associates are not strong .

sus asociados no son fuertes .Garcia has a company also .

Garcia tambien tiene una empresa .its clients are angry .

sus clientes estan enfadados .the associates are also angry .

los asociados tambien estan enfadados .

la empresa tiene enemigos fuertes en Europa .

the company has strong enemies in Europe .

R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 32 / 40

Page 74: Machine Translation - 01: Introductionhomepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/rsennric/mt18/1.pdf · Machine Translation 01: Introduction Rico Sennrich (slide credit to Adam Lopez) University of Edinburgh

Goals of this Course

at the end of this course, you will:

understand the linguistic and computational challenges of MT

know how MT is formalized as a machine learning problem

have experience reading, using and modifying an MT implementation

understand state-of-the-art approaches to MT and their limitations

our focus:

sequence-to-sequence models with deep learning→ applications beyond MT

probabilistic models of language

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Page 75: Machine Translation - 01: Introductionhomepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/rsennric/mt18/1.pdf · Machine Translation 01: Introduction Rico Sennrich (slide credit to Adam Lopez) University of Edinburgh

“Probabilistic models of language”This course is about implementing…

…probabilistic models…

…of language

for ej, logprob, fi, fj in alignments[ei]: if bitmap(range(fi,fj)) & v == 0: new_v = bitmap(range(fi,fj)) | v if new_v in chart[ej]: chart[ej][new_v] = logadd10(chart[ej][new_v], sums[v]+logprob) else: chart[ej][new_v] = sums[v]+logprob

L(✓|D) = p✓(D|✓) =

NY

n=1

p✓(f(n),a(n)|e(n)) =

NY

n=1

p(I(n)|J (n))

I(n)Y

i=1

p(a(n)i |J (n)) · p(f

(n)i |e(n)

ai)

Ngaragana-nguja grog-PROP.IV.ACC

ngiy-a3.SG.NM.A-PST

gujinganjanga-ni morther.II.ERG

jiyawugive

ngabulu milk.IV.ACC

`(His) mother gave (him) milk with grog in it.’ [wmb]

R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 34 / 40

Page 76: Machine Translation - 01: Introductionhomepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/rsennric/mt18/1.pdf · Machine Translation 01: Introduction Rico Sennrich (slide credit to Adam Lopez) University of Edinburgh

“Probabilistic models of language”

Very few people are experts in computer science, mathematics, and linguistics, and I guarantee you will encounter something you don’t know. But if you are

unwilling to engage with all of these topics,

DO NOT TAKE THIS COURSE

R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 35 / 40

Page 77: Machine Translation - 01: Introductionhomepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/rsennric/mt18/1.pdf · Machine Translation 01: Introduction Rico Sennrich (slide credit to Adam Lopez) University of Edinburgh

“Probabilistic models of language”

To future students: There is no way that you should take this course. The reason why is that you need to be competent in linguistics, mathematics and Python programming to do well in the coursework. The lecturer neglected to mention that he expected people to have those skills, but it was clear from the assignments. You will get no help, as there are no tutorials, there is only a forum where you can ask questions, but when a student asked for help because they did not understand the material, the lecturer was not willing to make any changes.

— 2015 course review from someone who didn’t listen to the advice on the previous slide.

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Page 78: Machine Translation - 01: Introductionhomepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/rsennric/mt18/1.pdf · Machine Translation 01: Introduction Rico Sennrich (slide credit to Adam Lopez) University of Edinburgh

“Probabilistic models of language”

Need more help

I would like to write on behalf of a group of people who are finding this assignment impossible.

If you want answers to questions you must be specific. This is not specific (nor is it a question):

The teaching team is willing to answer questions on piazza. You will get more out of this if you also

answer questions.

R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 37 / 40

Page 79: Machine Translation - 01: Introductionhomepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/rsennric/mt18/1.pdf · Machine Translation 01: Introduction Rico Sennrich (slide credit to Adam Lopez) University of Edinburgh

Requirements

pre-requisitesIt is RECOMMENDED that students have passed

Advanced Natural Language Processing (INFR11059) OR

Accelerated Natural Language Processing (INFR11125) OR

Foundations of Natural Language Processing (INFR09028)

if you have no NLP background, you’ll have a bad time

R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 38 / 40

Page 80: Machine Translation - 01: Introductionhomepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/rsennric/mt18/1.pdf · Machine Translation 01: Introduction Rico Sennrich (slide credit to Adam Lopez) University of Edinburgh

Requirements

other requirementsStudents are expected to understand the following topics, or be prepared to learnthem independently:

Discrete mathematics: analysis of algorithms, dynamic programming, basicgraph algorithms, finite and pushdown automata.

Other essential maths: basic probability theory; basic calculus and linearalgebra; ability to read and manipulate mathematical notation includingsums, products, log, and exp.

Programming: ability to read and modify python programs; ability to designand implement a function based on high-level description such aspseudocode or a precise mathematical statement of what the functioncomputes.

Linguistics: willingness to learn basic elements of linguistic description; noformal linguistics background required.

warning: you will need these skills to pass the coursework and examR. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 39 / 40

Page 81: Machine Translation - 01: Introductionhomepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/rsennric/mt18/1.pdf · Machine Translation 01: Introduction Rico Sennrich (slide credit to Adam Lopez) University of Edinburgh

Still Interested?

course overview≈ 15 lectures, Monday and Thursday 4-5pm

course work, due in week 8 (March 15, 3pm) – 30% of final grade

written exam – 70% of final grade

tasks until Thursdaysign up for piazza

review the course syllabus

review Koehn, 13.2-3

R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 40 / 40