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Performance of students with an immigrant background:

evidence from the OECD's PISA study

Maciej JakubowskiDirectorate for Education, OECD

Programme for International Student Assessment

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1998PISA countries in

2000200120032006200977%81%83%85%86%

Coverage of world economy 87%

PISA 2009 in brief

Over half a million students… representing 28 million 15-year-olds in 74*

countries/economies

… took an internationally agreed 2-hour test… Goes beyond testing whether students can

reproduce what they were taught……to assess students’ capacity to extrapolate from what they

know and creatively apply their knowledge in novel situations

…and responded to questions on… their personal background, their schools

and their engagement with learning and school Parents, principals and system leaders provided data

on… school policies, practices, resources and institutional

factors that help explain performance differences

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1998PISA countries in

2000200120032006200977%81%83%85%86%

Coverage of world economy 87%

PISA 2009 in brief PISA seeks to…

… Support governments to prepare students…… to deal with more rapid change than ever

before…

… for jobs that have not yet been created…

… using technologies that have not yet been invented…

… to solve problems that we don’t yet know will arise

… Provide a basis for policy dialogue and global collaboration in defining and implementing educational goals, policies and practices

– Show countries what achievements are possible– Help governments set policy targets in terms of measurable

goals achieved elsewhere– Gauge the pace of educational progress – Facilitate peer-learning on policy and practice .

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Performance of students with an immigrant background

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Stock of foreign-born, as percentage in population

Trends in the number of immigrant students

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iReading performance by immigrant

status

Native students perform better

Students with an immigrant background perform better

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iPerformance of students by language spoken at

home

Students who speak another

language at home perform better

Students who speak the language

of assessment at home perform

better

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Immigrant students and educational policy

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iCharacteristics of schools attended by students with

and without an immigrant background

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0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Native Second generation immigrants First generation immigrants

Concentration: Immigrant students attend schools with higher levels of concentration of immigrant students than their native peers

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What explains the gap?

STUDENT LEVEL FACTORS “SES” and “speaking a different language at

home” Other factors:

+ availability of educational resources at home

+ reading at home at a young age

+ preschool education

SCHOOL LEVEL FACTORS

+ More hours per week for language learning

- Higher concentration of immigrant students at school

+ Higher school average socio-economic composition

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iSuggested school-level policies

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iSuggested system-level policies

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Questions for Discussion OECD work on immigrant students

PISA 2009 report, Volume II www.pisa.oecd.org

“Children of immigrants” (forthcoming) “OECD Reviews of Migrant Education -

Closing the Gap for Immigrant Students: Policies, Practice and Performance”

OECD provides also wider perspective on migration

International Migration Outlook

Statistics and policy analysis