m92mc public relations and information management week 7 essay and ethics john keenan...
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M92MC
Public Relations and Information Management
Week 7
Essay and Ethics
John Keenan
Next two weeks
Monday 9th March No lecture12-6pm essay tutorial time
ETG22 12-3pmET103 3-6pm
Monday 16th MarchLecture as normal
Do you understand?
Have you read?
10 mins
1.Read the section your group name is on. Discuss.
2.Find one quote. Explain in your words. Apply to an example.
Take
2 Wotsits2 Rainbow Drops1 Williams1 number1 date
Arrange them any way you like on the page. If it is correct you will be rewarded
Guess What I am Thinking…
Do you use Harvard
referencing?
Harvard Referencing
5.30
(Cormack 1994: 32)(Cormack 1994: p.32)
(Cormack, 1994: 32) (Cormack, 1994, p.32)
Tick which is correct Harvard referencing after a direct quote
(Cormack 1994: 32)(Cormack 1994: p.32)
(Cormack, 1994: 32) (Cormack, 1994, p.32)
Which is correct Coventry University Harvard referencing?
Referencing
1. When referring to an author’s work but not quoting you just use Name and Date:
As Surname (Date) stated/wrote/argued/considered etc
E.g.
L’Etang (2010) has shown that...
Quotes
After the quote in the essay
(Surname Date: Page)
E.g.(Thompson 2003: 24)
In the Bibliography
Surname, Initial. (Date) Title of Book. Place: Publisher
E.g.Cruttenden, T. (1998) An Introduction to the Public Relations. London: Routledge
Websites
In the essay
In the bibliography
Repeat term: available from full URL [Accessed date]
Eg
CIPR 2014: available from http://www.cipr.co.uk [Accessed 3.3.15]
(CIPR 2014)Or (Chartered Institute of Public Relations 2014)
Name of site e.g.
DEADLINE
12.3.15
11.30pm
E X T E N S I O N S
PR and Ethics
Unethical Practice
• Nestle
• Shell
• BP
• Tesco
• News of the World
Ideology
Stuart Hall
‘commonsense wisdom…a frame which helps to make sense of and rationalise experience’
Hall’s (1977) cited inGold John R and Ward Stephen V (1994) Place Promotion and Marketing to Sell Towns and Regions, London: John Wiley, p.28
What is ideology?
Norms and values
Contained in a culture (trapped in time and space)
In the minds of those socialised into a way of seeing ‘reality’
‘Ideology is how the existing ensemble of social relations represents itself to individuals; it is the image a society gives of itself in order to perpetuate itself. These representations serve to constrain us … they establish fixed places for us to occupy’
Bill Nichols Ideology and the Image (1981) Indiana University Press p.1
Gramsci’s hegemony
•Dominant ideology, ruling class
•Struggle
Dominant ideology = hegemony
WHAT DO YOU THINK?
Having sex with a goat
Smoking
Injecting heroin into eyeball
Unmarried sex Drinking alcohol
Eating horse
Eating pig
food
drugssex
clothes
Going to the office in underwear
Being on the beach in full suit
30 year old marrying 13-year old
HEGEMONY
Mainstream media presume consensus
Case study - Tesco
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/02/17/countries-that-eat-horsemeat_n_2697565.html
Social Media
*Source:telegraph.co.uk
Tesco Response
What is Public Relations?
• “Public Relations is all about reputation. It’s the result of what you do, what you say and what others say about you. It is used to gain trust and understanding between an organisation and it’s various publics – whether that’s employees, customers, investors, the local community – or all of those stakeholder groups”
- PRCA• “Public Relations is about reputation – the result of what you do,
what you say and what others say about you. PR is the discipline which looks after reputation, with the aim of earning understanding and support and influencing opinion and behaviour. It is planned and sustained effort to establish and maintain goodwill and mutual understanding between an organisation and its publics”
- CIPR
Source: http://www.prca.org.uk/Whatisprhttp://www.cipr.co.uk/content/policy-resources/careers-pr/whatispr
Morality and Ethics
‘moral is derived from the Latin mos, moris, meaning (among other things) “way of life” or “conduct”. It is often associated with religious beliefs and personal behaviour.
“Ethics, on the other hand, is derived from the Greek ethos, meaning “custom”, “usage”, or “character”. It is often thought of as a rational process applying established principles when two moral obligations collide’
Day (2000: 2)
What are Ethics?
•norms and values of hegemony; customs
US PRSA Code of Ethics
PRSA have a code of ethics•Protect and advance the free flow of accurate and truthful information•Foster informed decision making through open communication•Protect confidential and private information•Promote healthy and fair competition among professionals•Avoid conflicts of interest•Work to strengthen the public’s trust in the profession
Source: http://www.prsa.org/aboutprsa/ethics/
What do these words remind you of?
Free…open…private…competition…trust
Neoliberalism
• The dominant hegemony – dominant ethics
Further reading
http://ethicsinpr.wikispaces.com/Professional+codes+of+ethics
Code of Ethics
http://www.rjionline.org/MAS-Codes-UK-IPR
Trust
Source: http://www.prweek.com/news/rss/981450/PR-professionals-believe-spin-entrenched-industry-survey-shows/
Public Relations
Public Opinion
The manufacture of consent
“Let’s PR it” “The art of lying”
Members of the Chartered Institute of Public Relations agree to:
•Maintain the highest standards of professional endeavour, integrity, confidentiality, financial propriety and personal conduct; •Deal honestly and fairly in business with employers, employees, clients, fellow professionals, other professions and the public; •Respect the customs, practices and codes of clients, employers, colleagues, fellow professionals and other professions in all countries where they practice; •Work within the legal and regulatory frameworks affecting the practice of public relations in all countries where they practice; http://www.cipr.co.ukhttp://www.batphonepr.com/documents/Codeofconduct.pdf
Corporate Social Responsibility
‘a concept whereby companies decide voluntarily to contribute to a better society and a cleaner environment. A concept whereby companies intergrade social and environmental concerns in their business operations and in their interaction with stakeholders’
http://www.mallenbaker.net/csr/definition.php
Free Market Approach
‘there is one and only one social responsibility of business - to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits’
(Friedman 1993:254).
Contractarian
Social agreement between corporation and customer – mutually supportive
A: B:To give details To acknowledge
Which word has one syllable?
C: D:To find To source in the main body of an esay
Which word has one syllable?What does ‘to cite’ mean
D
A: B:(surname date) (surname, date)
Which word has one syllable?
C: D:(surname: date) (forename surname date)
Which word has one syllable?When writing other people’s ideas in your own words
the reference is
A
A: B:(full URL date) (full URL [date accessed]
Which word has one syllable?
C: D:(Word from URL date)
(word from URL [date accessed]
Which word has one syllable?In-text citation of a website is done by
C
A: B:It needs page numbers so the quotes can be accessed
It must be linked to the bibliography
Which word has one syllable?
C: D:Don’t put a list of references page
It goes before the bibliography
Which word has one syllable?Which is true about a list of references page
C
A: B: Surname, first name,(date) Title. Plce: publisher
Which word has one syllable?
C: D:Surname, Initial.(date) Title. Publisher: Place
Surname (date) Title. Publisher
Which word has one syllable?In the bibliography the correct
way of referencing a book is
Surname, Initial.(date) Title. Place: Publisher
A
A: B:Use et al Include both surnames
Which word has one syllable?
C: D:Only use the first named author surname
Hyphenate the names
Which word has one syllable?When including a book by
two authors in an in-text citation
B
A: B:Use et al Include three surnames
Which word has one syllable?
C: D:Only use the first named author surname
Hyphenate the names
Which word has one syllable?When including a book by
three authors in an in-text citation
B
A: B:Use et al Include both surnames
Which word has one syllable?
C: D:Only use the first named author surname
Hyphenate the names
Which word has one syllable?When including a book by
More than three authors in an in-text citation
A
A: B:Full URL in text You must mention it is a blog in the sentence
Which word has one syllable?
C: D:(author date) Don’t cite blogs!
Which word has one syllable?In-text citation of a blog requires
C
A: B:(sited in) (sited by)
Which word has one syllable?
C: D:(cited in) Cited by
Which word has one syllable?If you are using a quote cited by another author
C
Great Job!!!!Great Job!!!!
Thank you for playing!Thank you for playing!
References
• Theaker, A., 2004. The Public Relations Handbook. 2nd ed. Abingdon: Routledge.
• Parsons, P., 2008. Ethics in Public Relations. 2nd ed. London: Kogan Page Limited.
• http://pr.typepad.com/pr_communications/2005/04/ethics_in_pr.html• http://www.prweek.com/uk/news/search/200933• http://www.prweek.com/uk/news/search/145191//• http://www.batphonepr.com/documents/Codeofconduct.pdf• http://www.prsa.org/• http://www.prweek.com/news/rss/981450/PR-professionals-believe-
spin-entrenched-industry-survey-shows/