m. stoev vipv afyon 2015
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Vehicle Integrated Potovoltaics
(VIPV)
M. Stoev
Solar Energy Centre
Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences
South-West University “Neofit Rilski”
Blagoevgrad, BULGARIA
Website: www.swu.bg
E-mail: [email protected]
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Agenda
• PV effect: Basics
• PV materials
• VIPV
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f
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The main parameters for measuring solar
cells performance
• Isc-short circuit current;
• Voc-open circuit
voltage;
• Cell efficiency;
• FF- fill factor;
The short circuit current (Isc), is the current
which is generated by the solar cell if it is
connected to a low impedance forcing the
voltage across the device to V = 0.
The open circuit voltage (Voc), i.e. the
voltage which builds up across the cell as
long as its terminals are kept on high
impedance forcing the electrical current to I
= 0. This quantity is related to the bandgap
of the semiconductor used.
1ln
o
ph
oc I
I
q
kT V
The fill factor (FF) corresponding to the ratio of the power which can need be
generated by the solar cell (under maximum power conditions i.e. when it isconnected to a suitable charge) to the product of Voc*Isc This factor is related
to the curvature of the I-V characteristics.
scoc
m
I V
P FF
The cell efficiency can be determined from these three external parameters
and from the area of the cell
power solar incident A
FF I V
P A
P scoc
in
m
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Solar panel power during a day, for different technologies
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SEM70 PV module
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V – I characteristics of PV module
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V – I characteristics of PV module
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As T increases, Eg gets less (due to bandgap narrowing) the current goes up,BUT… the voltage goes down.
Overall decreases.
For a Si solar cell
1
1
12
%5.0
2.2
1.0
K dT
d
mVK dT
dV
K AmdT
dJ
oc
sc
Increasing radiation increases leads to concentrating systems.
Effect of Temperature
VOLT G
U
R
R
N
T
temperature
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V – I characteristics of PV module
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Effect of shading on one cell of a single crystalline module that
has no internal bypass diode
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I-V curve of 10 cells with one cell shaded, with bypass diodes on each cell
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70 Wp PV panel of 36 cells with three bypass diodes.
35 cells are irradiated with 1000 W/m2 , one cell is partially
shaded from 0% to 100% with 10 W/m2 remaining radiation
(difussed).
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PV module: defects after vibrations
N o r m a l
D e f e c t
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Uni-Solar laminate
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Auburn Hills, Michigan, USA
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MPPT electronic
• Combination of high efficiency by-pass diodes and fast MPPT
electronic
• Low consume by-pass diodes
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PV Power from Solar roof and
windows
• Laminated SunPower laminated celles in
polymer sheets: 220 Wp
• Cells integrated into the two small rear
windows: 40 Wp
• 1.6 – 1.8 kWh/day
• 65 – 70 Wh/km
• 20-25 km/day (average annual solar day)
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Solar House with RES
technologies integration
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Building Integrated Photovoltaics
(BIPV)
• Building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV)
are photovoltaic materials that are used to replace
conventional building materials in parts of the building
envelope such as the roof , skylights, or facades
- incorporation into the construction of new buildings
- ancillary source of electrical power
- initial cost can be offset by reducing the amount spent
on building materials and labor that would normally be
used to construct the part of the building that the BIPV
modules replace
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BIPV: East Germany
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BIPV: East Germany
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VIPV applications
• To power loads directly
• To charge energy storage devices
battery- electric vehicleshybrid-electric vehicles
• Improving fossil-fuel combustion and
reducing heat-engine emissions
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VIPV: Solar electrolysis configuration
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VIPV: Solar cooling
• Reduce solar glare on driver, improvedcomfort
• Control solar heating• Power electronics, battery charging
• Power ventilation /reduce cabin temps
• Reduce A/C load at start-up• Reduce A/C size ~30% (NREL study)
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VIPV: Automotive PV potential market
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ZEM prototype: Zero EMission vehicle
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VIPV
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VIPV: FORD solar roof
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VIPV: FORD solar roof
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VIPV: TOYOTA Solar Prius
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VIPV: Blue car
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VIPV: service
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Hybrid Solar Vehicle developed by
French company Ventury
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Solar charging station
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Solar Charging Station
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HONDA Solar Charging Station
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Vehicle to Grid technology (V2G)
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Eco Charging Station
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EV Renault: Charging station
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VIPV: Recreation Vehicles (RV)
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VIPV: Lada Solar
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140 Wp CIPV mounted system on the car roof
PV1
PV2
The roof of the car
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The principle scheme of 140 Wp Viecle Integrated PV
(VIPV) system
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VIPV loads
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Lada Niva 4X4 SOLAR
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Lada Niva 4X4: Solar roof
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Lada Niva 4X4 SOLAR: Solar roof
L d Ni 4X4 SOLAR ff d
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Lada Niva 4X4 SOLAR: off-roadwww.offroad-bulgaria.com
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Lada Niva 4X4 SOLAR: Demonstrations
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6th International Conference: FMNS-2015
South-West University “Neofit Rilski” Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences
Blagoevgrad, Bulgaria
10 – 14 June, 2015
Topics:MathematicsInformatics
Computer Technologies
Geography, Ecology and Environment Protection
Physics and Technology
Chemistry
Methodology in Education
Workshop - Renewable Energy TechnologiesRound Table "Energy and Sustainable Development“
www.fmns.swu.bg
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Conclusions
• Electric Vehicle (EV)
• Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV)
• Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV)
• Vehicle to Grid technology (V2G)
• Hybrid Solar Vehicle (HSV)
• Recreation Vehicle (RV)
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Thank you for your attention!