M O D A L S

1. MUST and HAVE TO

a. Menyatakan keharusan- I have to go home now- I must go home now

b. Kepastian- This must be the right way- This has to be the right way

2. Should = S+should+v1+oa. Memberikan nasihat dan anjuran- You should see a doctor- You should keep your promises- Should we buy her a presentb. Kewajiban- I should call my mom tomorrow- He should apologize to Maryc. Sesuatu yang diharap keberadaannya- Tony should arrive here at 11.00- This book is wrong, that answer should be A.

3. S h a l l

Menawarkan bantuan

- Shall I bring your suitcase ?- Shall I make a coffee?

4. O U G H T T O

@ Kedengarannya lebih bernuansa British- You ought to say thank you for the present ( you should say thank you for the present )

5. W O U L Da. Penawaran dan permintaan- Would you like cookie with your coffee ?- Would you like to go out this evening ?- Would you like some help ?- Would you open the door for me ?b. Hipotetik- I would love to go abroad- You would be a great lawyerc. Kalimat pengandaian- If I had time, I would visit my family- I would go to the beach if it was sunny

6. W O U L D

d. = will- he’ll call you tomorrow- He’d call you tomorrowe. Kebiasaan masa lampau- I would often play soccer when I was young- My grandfather would always give us candy

7. would like / will have

• Kalimat penawaran yang halus / sopan• S + would like + to + V1 + O• S + will have + O

• I would like to reserve a single ticket to tokyo• He would like to reserve a return ticket to bandung• I will have orange juice• What will you have for lunch?

8. WISH …………………..WOULD

@ Yang diharap tak terjadi- I wish Jane would call me- I wish they would stop fighting

9. Would rather

a. Menyatakan kecondongan- I’d rather go tomorrow- I’d rather buy this one, that one isn’t goodb. Permintaan yang kuat- I’d rather you did your homework- I’d rather you didn’t tell anyone about the

party. It’s going to be a surprise.

10. Would … mind / would you

@ permintaan yang sopan / meminta orang lain melakukan sesuatu untuk kita

Would you mind + V ing + O ?- Would you mind closing the window ?- Would you mind waiting a few minutes ?Would you + V 1 + O ?- Would you open the door for me, please?- Would you make tea for me, please?

11. Would you mind if I …………

• Meminta ijin untuk melakukan sesuatu• would you mind if I + V2 + O ?• Would you mind if I went home early?• Would you mind if I borrowed your money?

12. Can, could, may

• Kalimat permintaan• Can/could/may + I + V1 + O?

• Can I make reservation for my travelling to USA• Could I make reservation for my trip to Bandung

next week• May I make reservation for my journey to

Bangka tomorrow