MMMMM DELICIOUS FOOD!

Food

Dietary habits

Pyramid

FOOD is any substance, usually comprised primarily of carbohydrates, fats, water and/or proteins that can be eaten or drunk by animals (including humans) for nutrition and/or pleasure.

Foods   are   substances   from   animal   and  

 plant sources that yield heat and energy when ingested and absorbed by the body.  

Food nutrients build and renew tissues  and  regulate  the  body  processes.  

   The  unit commonly   used   for   describing   energy  

 intake   and energy expenditure is the calorie.  

 Good food sources contain substantial amounts of nutrients in relation to caloric

content

CARBOHYDRATES Carbohydrates  (sugar  and  starches)

are  the  most efficient sources of energy

and are known as the “fuel of life.”  They are abundantly found in most

plant food sources.  

Complex  carbohydrates  (starches)  are  in breads,  cereals,  pasta,  rice,  dry  beans

 and  peas,  and other vegetables, such as potatoes and corn.  

 Simple carbohydrates are found in sugars, honey, syrup, jam, and  many  desserts

 Carbohydrates  must  be reduced  to  glucose  before  the  body  can  use

 them. Carbohydrates are stored in the muscles to

fuel their movement.

The main functions of carbohydrates are : to    furnish   the   main   source   of   energy

  for muscular work and nutritive processes   help maintain body temperature 

  form reserve fuel   assist in oxidation of fats.

 spare protein for growth and repair

VITAMINS Vitamins are essential compounds that are

present in food in minute quantities. They  act  as  catalysts  in  many  body  chemical  reactions and are  necessary  for  normal  metabolic  functions, growth,  and

 the  health  of  the  human  body.

Vitamins are so widely distributed in food that a properly  prepared  normal  diet

 usually  provides   an adequate amount.  

 Vitamins can be destroyed during the   preparation   or   preservation   of   certain

  foods.

vitamins functions Where is it?

Vitamin  A formation  and maintenance of healthy skin, hair, and mucous membranes. It is necessary for proper bone growth tooth   development,   and   reproduction.

Yellow ,orange, and dark  green vegetables;  fruits, liver,  eggs, cheese, butter, and milk.

Vitamin  D Promotes  calcium  and  phosphorus absorption and is required for the formation of healthy bones and teeth.   

Milk, egg yolk, liver, tuna, and cod liver oil.Vitamin  D  is  produced  in   the  body on exposure to sunlight

Vitamin E Protects vitamin A and essential fatty acids   from   oxidation   in   the   body cells

Oils, cereals   and   bread,   nuts,   wheat germ, and green leafy vegetables

Vitamin  K Promote normal clotting of the blood and helps maintain normal liver functions

Green leafy vegetables, liver, soybean, and other vegetable products

Vitamin   C  Normal growth and cell activity .   It helps the body resist respiratory infections.  Wounds and burns require vitamin C for healing

Citrus  fruits,  raw  leafy vegetables, and tomatoes

Thiamin B1Normal growth, carbohydrate metabolism   functioning  of   the   heart, nerves, and muscles

Pork, fish, eggs, and whole-grain cereals

Riboflavin (B2) Normal growth, vigor, healthy skin and mucosa  normal  eye  function

in  milk   products,   green   leafy

vegetables, and eggs. organ meats, heart, kidney, and liver.

Niacin  (B3)   skin   health,   normal functioning of the stomach and intestines, nervous and circulatory systems.

meat, liver, poultry, and peanuts

Pyridoxine  (B6) for  fat, carbohydrate,  and  protein

 metabolismliver, yeast, wheat  germ,  pork,  potatoes,  and  milk

Cyanocobalamin  (B12) 

health of nervous tissue maturation process of red blood cells

liver and kidneys, milk, eggs, fish, and cheese

FATS

The chief functions of fats are to supply energy and transport fat-soluble vitamins.

 Each gram of fat yields 9 calories.  Fats provide the most concentrated source of  calories  (and,  therefore,  energy)  of  all

 the  food nutrients.

Fats  are  found  in  both  the  animal  and vegetable kingdoms.  

 Fatty acids and glycerol are the end products of the digestion of fats.

Fat is  stored  as  adipose  (fatty)  tissue  to  form  a  reserve supply  in  time  of  need.  

  Dietary  fats  delay  gastric emptying and promote a feeling of fullness.

  Excess calories from fats may produce obesity, the forerunner of arteriosclerosis,

hypertension, gallbladder disease, and diabetes.  

A diet high in fat, especially saturated fat and   cholesterol,   contributes   to   elevated

  blood cholesterol levels in many people. Butter, margarine, cream cheese, fatty meats, whole   milk,   olives,   avocados,   egg   yolks,   nuts, commercial bakery

products, and vegetable oils are all sources of dietary fat

MINERALS These  essential   inorganic   elements  contribute overwhelmingly to the skeletal framework of the body and   teeth,   and

  they   are   an   essential  part   of   many organic compounds.

Minerals  form  an  integral  part  of   basic   cell structure   and   circulate   in   body

  fluids.

They   also exercise   specific   physiologic   influences   on   the function of body

tissues. Among the major minerals are calcium,

phosphorus, iron, potassium, zinc, and magnesium.

PROTEINS

o Proteins are the “building blocks” of the body and provide   important   required   nutritive  

 elements. o Proteins   are   needed   for   growth,   

maintenance,   and replacement  of  body  cells,  and  they  form

 hormones and enzymes used to regulate body processes.  

o Extra protein is either used to supply energy or is changed into  body  fat.  

o   Found  in  both  the  animal  and  plant kingdoms.o all proteins are composed of amino acids.

Proteins play an important role in recovering from fractures,   burns,   and   infections.

They   are   also important  in  healing  wounds  and  recovering  from surgical  procedures.  

 Dietary sources of protein and the nine essential amino acids are milk, yogurt,

  eggs,   meats,   fish,   cheese,   poultry,   peanut butter, legumes, and nuts.

Protein from plant sources is best when combined with animal protein, such as milk

plus peanut butter, or when legumes are combined with grains, such as Navy beans

plus rice

WATER Water is often called the

 “forgotten  nutrient.” Water is needed to replace body fluids lost primarily in urine and sweat.  

 A person can survive weeks without food but only days without water.  

Water makes up 70 percent of body weight and is found in every cell in the body.  

It  is  the  medium  through  which  nutrients  are transported from the digestive tract to the cells where they  are  needed.    Water  is  also  the  medium  through which   the   byproducts   of   cell   metabolism   are removed.

Water  also  serves  as  the  medium  in  which  the chemical  processes  of  life  take  place.

oIt  is  normally taken into the body in beverages, soups, and in the form of   solid   foods.

DIETARY HABITS Dietary habits are the habitual decisions an

individual or culture makes when choosing what foods to eat. Although humans are omnivores, each culture holds some food preferences and some food taboos. Dietary choices can also define cultures and play a role in religion.

 

Many individuals choose to limit what foods eat for reasons of health, morality, or other factors. For instance vegetarians choose to forget food from animal sources to varying degrees. Others choose a healthier diet, avoiding sugars or animal fats and increasing consumption of dietary fiber and antioxidants.

People in each country, city or town eat the food they have according the landforms and the climate.

Can you name the food you have in the place you live because the plants people grow or the animals people raise or breed?

THE FOOD WE EAT PLAYS AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN OUR HEALTH AND WELL-BEING. THE HEALTHY DIET PYRAMID IS DESIGNED TO SHOW US WHAT FOODS MAKE UP A HEALTHY DIET. BY FOLLOWING THE HEALTHY DIET PYRAMID AND PARTICIPATING IN PHYSICAL ACTIVITY WE BEGIN TO LIVE A HEALTHY AND ACTIVE LIFESTYLE.

THERE ARE DIFFERENT PYRAMIDS, TRINGLES OR CIRCLES. .TO REPRESENT THE FOOD CLASSIFICATION AND ITS IMPORTANCE.. HERE THERE ARE SOME EXAMPLES

COULD YOU MAKE YOUR OWN HEALTHY DIET SHAPE, ACCORDING TO YOUR COUNTRY´S FOOD?

Pyramid for Kids reminds you to be physically active every day, or most days, and to make healthy food choices.

Bread, Cereal, Rice & Pasta Group: This area of the Pyramid is the largest. Foods

in this group contain iron, thiamin and niacin and some foods in this group contain B vitamins. The foods in this group give you the best fuel or energy for your body.

 

Vegetable Group: Just like fruits, vegetables are full of vitamins

A & C and minerals your body needs for healthy skin, hair and eyes. Some vegetables also contain B vitamins and vitamin K.

FRUIT GROUP:JUST LIKE VEGETABLES, FRUITS ARE FULL OF VITAMINS A & C AND MINERALS YOUR BODY NEEDS FOR HEALTHY SKIN, HAIR AND EYES.

OILS, FATS & SWEETS:THE FOODS IN THIS AREA OF THE PYRAMID CONTAIN LITTLE OR NO NUTRIENTS FOR YOUR BODY. THIS IS WHY IT IS THE SMALLEST PART ON THE PYRAMID, TO REMIND YOU THAT YOU SHOULD TRY NOT TO EAT TOO MANY FOODS FROM THIS GROUP.

MILK, YOGURT & CHEESE GROUP:DAIRY PRODUCTS CONTAIN CALCIUM, PROTEIN AND RIBOFLAVIN FOR YOUR BODY. THIS HELP TO GIVE YOU STRONG BONES AND TEETH. ALWAYS TRY TO CHOOSE DAIRY PRODUCTS THAT ARE LOW IN FAT WHEN IT IS POSSIBLE.

Meat, Poultry & Fish:Items in this food group contain plenty of B vitamins, protein, iron and thiamin to help your body grow strong. Dry beans and nuts are included in this group because of all the protein they contain. Always try to choose meat, poultry and fish products that are low in fat when it is possible..

This meal includes a piece of toast with butter, an egg, 2 slices of bacon and a glass of orange juice. There are 4 different food groups included in this meal:

butter = 1 from fat group

eggs and bacon = 2 servings meat group

orange juice = 1 serving fruit group

toast = 1 serving bread group

A lot of the time you will find that the meals you eat are made up of parts from more than one food group. Let's take a look at some examples:

This meal includes a sandwich with bread, turkey, cheese, lettuce and tomatoes, a banana and a glass of milk. There are 5 different food groups included in this meal:

2 slices of bread = 2 servings bread group

turkey = 1 serving meat group

cheese and milk = 2 servings milk and cheese group

lettuce and 2 tomatoes = 2 servings vegetable group

banana = 1 serving fruit group

COULD YOU WRITE A TYPICAL DISH FOR LUNCH AND EXPLAIN THE COMPONENTS?