lukas osm2014 049 16999.ppt - aco-ssds.soest.hawaii.edusummary • measured rainfall in situ much...
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19881988
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Station ALOHA (~4750m deep)Station ALOHA (~4750m deep)
25 years of HOT25 years of HOT
Hawaii Ocean Time-series (HOT)Hawaii Ocean Time-series (HOT)October 1988 - present (260 cruises; ~10/yr)
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Station ALOHA (~4750m deep)Station ALOHA (~4750m deep)
25 years of HOT25 years of HOT NSFNOAASt t f H ii
NSFNOAASt t f H iiState of Hawaii (UH/SOEST)State of Hawaii (UH/SOEST)
Hawaii Ocean Time-series (HOT)Hawaii Ocean Time-series (HOT)Hawaii Ocean Time-series (HOT)October 1988 - present (260 cruises; ~10/yr)
Mahalo nui loa to countless folks for their contributions to
Hawaii Ocean Time-series (HOT)October 1988 - present (260 cruises; ~10/yr)
Mahalo nui loa to countless folks for their contributions tofolks for their contributions to the successes of HOT and Station ALOHA
folks for their contributions to the successes of HOT and Station ALOHA
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Quantifying the Surface R. Weller (WHOI)
y gFreshwater Flux at Station ALOHA
Roger Lukas*, Fernando Santiago‐Mandujano*, Albert Plueddemann+, Robert Weller+ Fred Duennebier*Robert Weller+, Fred Duennebier*,
Bruce Howe** U. Hawaii at Manoa + Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Ocean Sciences Meeting 2014
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The ocean and the hydrological cycleThe ocean and the hydrological cycle
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Tradewinds – Harvesting Water and Heat From the Ocean
NOAA/OAR Ocean Reference Stations
D ti t th lDonating to the warm pool
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Precious RainsPrecious Rains
Hawaii’s tenuous water resources
∫(E-P)dt∫(E-P)dt
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WHOTS Rainfall and Evaporation
Sean Whelan (WHOI)
Rainfall –
Has small space-time scalesp
Not well-observed from space
Poorly represented in NWP model-reanalyses
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WHOTS and the hydrological cycleWHOTS and the hydrological cycle
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Winter Storms Interact with ITCZWinter Storms Interact with ITCZ
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WHOTS and the hydrological cycleWHOTS and the hydrological cycle
How stable and reliable are the trends estimated from limited observations?
Observations limited in duration and spatial extent; exponential rainfall distributions in space and time
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WHOTS Buoy Mixed LayerWHOTS Buoy Mixed Layer
See poster #2463 by McCoy et al., this session
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Multiple data sources d hand error characteristics
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December 5th, 2012 Rainfall Event,Molokai NexRad
Station ALOHA
Molokai NexRAD
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HOT Cruise 248h b dShipboard Rain Gauges
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WHOTS-9 Buoy data
q prate
wind speedspeed
wind direction
SSTSurface salinity
SST
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Rainfall Rates from NexRADRainfall Rates from NexRAD
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December 5th, 2012 Rainfall EventDecember 5th, 2012 Rainfall Event
Hydrophone soundHydrophone sound
b f i tbefore rainstorm
during rainstorm
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Spectrogram for Dec 5th 2012Spectrogram for Dec 5 2012db re
frequency
201µ Pascal
eque cy(kHz) 15
10
4728 m5
minutes from 08:500 15012060
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ALOHA Cabled ObservatoryObservatory
17.5 KHz
10.5 KHz
4728 m
4 KHz
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rainfall wind
4 KHz
rate speed
10 5 KHz
rainfallrate
windspeed
10.5 KHz
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17.5 KHz
rainfall windrainfallrate speed
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TRMM rain radar
mm/hr max
min
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TRMM Satellite Rainfall EstimatesTRMM Satellite Rainfall Estimates
5-day accumulation estimatesy
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Numerical Weather Predictiond l f ll fModel Rainfall for Station ALOHA
120
WHOTS-980
ECMWF40
0
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SummarySummary
• Measured rainfall in situ much larger thanMeasured rainfall in situ much larger than satellite, comparable to NexRAD weather radarradar
• Time‐space variability of rainfall challenges freshwater budgetsfreshwater budgets
• Bridging scales is crucial for satellite ground‐hi d ifi i f NWP d litruthing, and verification of NWP and climate
models• Related posters by Nystuen et al (UW/APL); Poster by Monk et al (BIOS); Poster by Yang et al (UW)• Related posters by Nystuen et al. (UW/APL); Poster by Monk et al. (BIOS); Poster by Yang et al. (UW)