lucrari recente la irasm pentru conservarea patrimoniului...

Lucrari recente la IRASM pentru conservarea patrimoniului cultural prin

tratament cu radiatii ionizante

Valentin Moise, Daniel Negut, Mihaela Ene, Mihaela Cozac, Ioana Stanculescu, Bogdan Lungu, Silvana Vasilca

Horia Hulubei National Institute for R&D in Physics and Nuclear Engineering (IFIN-HH)[email protected]

CONTRIBUTII IFIN-HH LA STUDIUL SI CONSERVAREA PATRIMONIULUI CULTURAL – 2018 Workshop dedicat centenarului ROMANIEI si Anului European al Patrimoniului

PAPER

WOOD

TEXTILES

FILM, PHOTO

LEATHER

DE CE?

CUM?-Radiatii ionizante

-Iradiator

-Beneficii vs side effects

-Proiecte CDI

PENTRU CINE?


WOOD- FURNITURE- ICONS-ARCHEOLOGICAL WOOD

WOODWORMS

FUNGI

Detail of an Icon with heavy woodworms attack“Braila” Museum, Romania (2009)

Archeological wood attacked by fungi Pavement of a street in Old City, Bucharest (2015)

PAPER- BOOKS- ARCHIVES-WALLPAPER- Photography, Lithography

FUNGI

WOODWORMS / INSECTS

BACTERIAWallpaper from “Aman” MuseumBucharest City Museums (2010)

Documents from ”Sahia Film“ archiveBucharest, Romania (2016)

LEATHER, TEXTILES,COMPLEX COLLECTIONS- book covers- clothing, garments

FUNGI

INSECTS

WOODWORMS

BACTERIA Leather book coversParliament of Romania

Leather cover – (sec. XVII)Private collection, Romania

Clothing “Moldova” Museum, Iasi, Romania

FILM, PHOTOs, MAGNETIC TAPE

FUNGI

BACTERIA

Film from National Film Archive, Romania Fotography from Bucharest National Theater

RADIATII IONIZANTE

Doza absorbita = Energia absorbita in unitatea de masa[D]SI=1 Gray (Gy) = 1 Joule / 1 Kg

E-beam

Energy

Frecvency

VIS X-ray

Gamma

RADIO IR UV

10keVCo60

10pm 10nm380nm700nm

1,25 MeV

400THz300GHz1kHz

Wavelength

Cs137 10MeV

MATERIALUL IRADIAT

NU DEVINE RADIOACTIV!


Iradiatorul Multiscop IRASM


Eficacitate

Eficienta

Fotonii de inalta energie penetreaza orice material,

indiferent de grosime si forma geometrica

Efectul biocid poate fi cuantificat prin metode statistice

(Doza letala50, D10)

Pot fi tratate cantitati foarte mari, cu costuri scazute

TRATAMENT CU RADIATII GAMMA


Stabilirea dozei de iradiere:• doza minima –pentru efectul biocid• doza maxima –pentru a evita efectele distructive

BIOCIDAL EFFECT SIDE EFFECTS

Num

ber o

f sur

vivo

rsDose

Phys

ical

pro

pert

ies

Dose

Irradiation geometry:

IRADIERE GAMMA


Beneficii vs side effectsTratament Beneficii Side effectsDezinsectie • Atacul activ este oprit si

nu s-a constatat reaparitia insectelor (> 1000 obiecte tratate)

• Nu exista efecte distructive la lemn

• Nu sunt degradati pigmentii• Modificari indiscernabile la lana

(date nepublicate)

Dezinfectie • Atacul activ este oprit iar contaminarea microbiana este redusa la un nivel care nu pune in pericon sanatatea

• Scaderea gradului de polimerizare al celulozei, in cazul hartiei si tesaturilor din fibre celulozice (nu se reflecta in modificari macroscopice).

• Modificari indiscernabile ale structurii colagenului din piele (date nepublicate)


Efficacy of insect disinfestation:- No recurrence of insect infestation after the years

Examples:

Iconostasis from two churches highly attacked by woodworms (2002, 2005 – revisited in 2015)

“Aman” Museum wooden inventory (furniture, flooring, wainscoting, exhibits) with extensive woodworms attack. (2010 - revisited in 2015)

Carpets from “Mogoșoaia Palace” Musem (2015)

International Conference on Applications of Radiation Science and Technology, 24 to 28 April 2017, Vienna, Austria International Conference on Applications of Radiation Science and Technology, 24 to 28 April 2017, Vienna, Austria

1. bioburden testing before and after the treatment (Moise et al, 2012)(destructive, time consuming, costly, disregards “non-cultivable” microorganisms)

2. Testing the surface contamination before and after treatment (Moise et al, 2017)(recovers only a part of the total bioburden, disregards “non-cultivable” microorganisms)

3. Identification of main contaminants and estimation of treatment efficacy based on their radiation resistance (needs fungi database – in progress)

International Conference on Applications of Radiation Science and Technology, 24 to 28 April 2017, Vienna, Austria

Efficacy of fungi disinfection:

Treatment Dose (kGy) No of Log reduction

„Royal patents” Collection (Romanian State Office for Inventions and Trademarks, 2016) ~ 4 tons of documents

5.0 3

Treatment Dose (kGy)No of Log reduction

„Oficial Journal Collection” (Romanian Parliament Archives, 2014) ~ 4 tons of documents

Average: 6.6 > 3

„Museum inventory” (Bucharest National Theater, 2015) ~ 6 tons of documents, stage props, photos, etc

Minimum: 6.7

Maximum: 9.0

3

„Sahia Film Archive” (Romanian Ministry of Culture, 2016) ~ 3 tons of documents

Average: 6.8 5

Surface contamination:

Bioburden:

Side effects: Cellulose radiolytic degradation

scissiong, e-

Charlesby, 1955: “random scission”

Bouchard et al, 2006: “the molecule cannot be cleaved precisely at the bombardment site”


Experiments on paper:• Significant decrease of cellulose DP at low doses: 50-60% down for paper

irradiated at 10 kGy (Calvini and Santucci 1978, Adamo et al, 1998, Area et al, 2014)• No significant changes for macroscopic properties of paper: mechanical strength,

color, pH (Calvini and Santucci 1978, Adamo et al, 1998, Moise et al 2012)• Paper with very low DP (comparable with DP of cellulose in paper naturally aged,

3-400 years old) is less sensitive to irradiation than new paper (Bicchieri et al, 2016)

Reduction of size of cellulose molecules (decrease of DP – degree of polymerization)is associated with “ageing” of cellulose

Natural ageing degradation of cellulose is attributed to acidic hydrolysis process

In natural fibers, cellulose is packed (by hydrogen bonds) in a specific manner: micro-fibrils (supramolecular structures) and fibrils.


The significant decrease of cellulose DP due to radiation treatment is not reflected in macroscopic properties of paper.

Possible explanation: acidic hydrolysis advances from the exterior of the cellulosestructural units (fibrils, micro-fibrilis) and progressively destroy the hydrogen bondsstructure, while ionizing radiation acts in entire volume of structural units andpreserves the hydrogen bonds structure [Moise et al, 2014]

Side effects: Cellulose radiolytic degradation

Risk assessment - Help for decision for an intervention *


1. Initial risk assessment for paper documents under heavy biological attack:

No Hazard

P S IP Initial risk

Actions*)Probability1-unlikely2-seldom3-likely

Severity1-negligible2-moderate3-critical

Priority

index

PxS

1 - 3 low

4 - 6 medium

7 - 9 high1 Total loss of physical integrity of documents

and/or total loss of written information2 3 6

HIGHRadiation treatment2 Documents are nor accessible due to health

hazard3 3 9

No Hazard P S IP Residual risk1 Total loss of physical integrity of documents

and/or total loss of written information 1 3 3

LOW2 Documents are nor accessible due to healthhazard 2 1 2

3 Side effects of the radiation treatment 2 2 4

2. Residual risk assessment after treatment:

*Moise et al, Radiation processing for cultural heritage preservation – Romanian experience,NUKLEONIKA 2017; 62(4):253-260

17

Proiecte finalizate in 2016:Departament IRASM

ET-COG PNII Capacităţi Modul III IFA-CEA (2012-2016) - Educatie si formare profesionala in domeniulconservarii patrimoniului cultural prin iradiere gammaPartener CEA: ARC Nucleart, Grenoble

TEXLECONS PNII PCCA Tip 1 (2012-2016) -Imbunatatirea calitatii mediului de lucru indepozitele de patrimoniu cultural. Validareatratamentului bunurilor culturale textile si din pielecu radiatii gamma.Parteneri: INCD PM AlexandruDarabont, INCD Textile siPielarie (ICPI) CNM Moldova

Director proiect: Dr. Ioana Stanculescu, IFIN-HH

18

Departament IRASM

Program Nucleu 2016-2017

PN 16420302 “Structurarea Centrului pentru Studiul si Conservarea Patrimoniului Cultural" (inter-departamental)-Obiectiv 3 (IFIN-HH - laborator nuclear national)-Director proiect: L. Trache

Colaborari internationale:IAEA CRP F23032 -Developing Radiation Treatment Methodologies and New Resin Formulations for Consolidation And Preservation of Archived Materials and Cultural Heritage Artefacts (D. Negut)

5 Articole

12 Conferinte

Echipament portabil:•Raman•XRF/Raman

NUTECO - ctr. IFA-CEA C5-11/2016: Tehnici nucleare pentru conservarea obiectelor de patrimoniu din lemn. Director Proiect: Ioana Stanculescu

Laureat concurs IFA-CEA ed. I, 2016Jilt arhieresc M-rea Putna

- Cercetari privind consolidarea lemnului foarte degradat prin impregnare cu rasini si reticulare cu radiatii- Organizare Concurs IFA-CEA(IFIN-HH – ARC-Nucleart) , ediția a II-a, 2017: "Împreună salvăm patrimoniu cultural românesc“

PN III – P2 BG Contract 125BG/2016 MaMoA“Marcarea moleculară a operelor de artă””; 2016 – 2018Coordonator: Univesrsitatea din BucurestiResponsabil IFIN_HH: Daniel Negut

…. metodă de marcare a operelor de artă folosind diferite combinaţii de specii paramagnetice stabile astfel încât aceste artefacte să poată fi urmărite pe piaţa de artă şi să facă falsificarea lor aproape imposibilă. O astfel de metodă ar reduce foarte mult costurile implicate în analizele fizico-chimice necesare în cazul în care o operă de artă nu are un lanţ continuu de cumpărări-vânzări şi reapare pe piaţă, astfel încât autenticitatea ei este îndoielnică

20

Departament IRASM

Program Nucleu 2018 - …PN 16420302 “Metode si tehnici avansate de caracterizare a materialelor si studiul efectelor tratamentului cu radiatii ionizante pentru aplicatii ale iradierilor tehnologice si experimente de fizica nucleara" Obiectiv 2 (“Studii interdisciplinare competitive de cercetare aplicativa si inginerie nucleara cu relevanta pentru mediul economic si social”)

Faza 3: 3. Studii de caracterizare fizico-chimica ... patrimoniului cltural:- combinarea tehnicilor clasice de retaurare cu tratamente cu radiatii ionizante … cinetica de biodegradare a … aplicare in situ a tehnicilor de caracterizare … Studii de caz … sisteme dozimetrice … amprentare elementala si izotopica

2019: …Studiul efectelor tratamentului cu radiatii ionizante pe suporturi moderne de stocare a informatiei. Stabilirea conditiilor de prelevare si analiza pentru colectii complexe si/sau din materiale compozite. Experimentarea tehnicilor de prelevare si/sau analiza in situ. Studii de caz de caracterizare fizico-chimica si microbiologica ante- si post iradiere.

2020: … Validarea metodelor de investigare si a tehnicilor de prelevare in situ. Validarea metodelor de investigare si prelucrare a probelor in laborator. Studiul influentei factorilor de contaminare externa si al tratamentelor de conservare/restaurare asupra rezultatelor determinarilor de caracterizare a artefactelor pentru aplicarea tehnicilor nucleare in studiul si conservarea patrimoniului cultural.

IRASM Radiation Processing Center

Laboratory Investigations

for Cultural Heritage

Conservation Treatment

(Licenses from Ministry of

Culture)

Cultural Heritage Irradiation

2016 Qty

Ministry of Culture – Sahia Film 20m3

State Office for Patents 20 m3

STAR STORAGE SRL 300 m3(~40t)

AB ACTIV DISTRIBUTION SRL 10 m3

2015 QtyNational History Museum 10m

3

Bucharest National Theater 50m3

Manastirea Dealu 10m3

AB ACTIV DISTRIBUTION 30 m3

Archives, books

(4 accredited experts)

2017 Qty

Ministry of Culture – Sahia Film 60m3

“Vasile Parvan” Archeology Institute

2 m3

AB ACTIV DISTRIBUTION SRL 10 m3

Textiles, wood, paintings

IRASM – Gamma irradiation for Cultural Heritage

Regional Meeting for Decision Makers on the Feasibility of Radiation Processing Technologies in Zagreb, Croatia, 23 - 25 October 2017

IAEA RER1017 - Using Advanced Radiation Technologies for materials Processing

Nuclear Science Preserves Arthttps://www.iaea.org/newscenter/multimedia/videos/nuclear-science-preserves-art

https://www.iaea.org/newscenter/news/iaea-impact-protecting-romanias-cultural-heritage-using-nuclear-technology

IAEA Bulletin - 2015

Church Iconostasis (2002, 2005)



IAEA RER1017 - Using Advanced Radiation Technologies for materials ProcessingPaintings (Armenian Church, 2016) Religious cloths (Putna Monastery, 2016) Official Journal collection

(Parliament of Romania,2014)Museum Collection (Bucharest National Theather. 2015)


2016: Irradiation of 350m3 of archives (~45 tons); wood furniture, icons), complex collections (textiles, leather): ~ 13 m3,


IAEA RER1017 - Using Advanced Radiation Technologies for materials Processing

Documents from ”Sahia Film“ archiveBucharest, Romania (2016)

“Royal patents”, State Office for Inventions Bucharest, Romania (2016)

“Science saves culture”

Va mutumesc pentru atentie!

Lucrari recente la IRASM pentru conservarea patrimoniului cultural prin tratament cu radiatii

ionizante
