lte and beyond final

1 © Nokia Siemens Networks

Confidential

LTE & Beyond

Chaim Pesach

March 2011


Confidential

WHY LTE?

Superior mobile broadband user experience

GSM HSPA LTE

Throughput latency

GSM HSPA LTE

10ms

100 Mbit 150

<1 Mbit

50

>42 Mbit

Industry commitment behind the ecosystem

113 LTE network operator commitments in 46 countries

55+ LTE networks expected to be in commercial operation by end 2012

> 380 million LTE subscribers by 2015Forecast for LTE lead markets by Research and Markets

Technology convergence

GSM

WCDMA

CDMA

WiMAX

TD-

SCDMA

FDD LTE

TD-LTE

LTE

Advanced>90% harmonized

in 3GPP

Extensive range of radio spectrum support

22 different FDD frequency band options

9 different TDD frequency band options

Single operator may deploy both FDD+TDD LTE

for maximum utilization of spectrum assets

+ new ones still being specified both for new

band deployment and re-farming cases


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LTE: 3GPP Targets

LTE Study Item was initiated back in 3GPP in 2004 to develop a framework for the evolution of the 3GPP radio-access technology towards a high-data-rate, low-latency and packet-optimized radio-access technology:

• Support of packet switched domain only (including VoIP).

• Scalable bandwidth up to 20 MHz (lowest possible BW: 1.4 MHz).

• Significantly increased peak data rate: 100 Mbps (downlink) and 50 Mbps (uplink)

• 2 or 4 times capacity over Release 6 reference scenarios with HSDPA or HSUPA.

• Radio Network user plane latency below 10 ms (RTT) with 5 MHz or higher spectrum allocation.

• Reduced CAPEX and OPEX

• Reduced complexity (of terminals)

• Need for inter-working with WCDMA and GSM based networks.


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LTE: Current Status

• 3GPP has finalized the LTE specifications for Release 8 and 9

– Backwards compatibility maintained: March 2009 for radio / June 2009 for RAN interfaces

• LTE key features:

– OFDMA in downlink and DFT-S-OFDMA (aka SC-FDMA) in uplink.

– Bandwidths ranging from 1.4 MHz up to 20 MHz.

– Both TDD and FDD modes are supported.

– Optimized for macro cells, works even with very high mobility.

– Channel-aware scheduling in both time and frequency domain

– Uplink power control for reduction of inter-cell interference.

– Fast CQI based link adaptation, Turbo coding utilized together with Hybrid ARQ retransmissions.

– Up to 4x4 single-user MIMO support in downlink (no SU-MIMO support in uplink):▪ Open-loop spatial multiplexing, closed-loop precoded spatial multiplexing, rank-1 beamforming and transmit diversity supported.

– Multi-user MIMO supported both in uplink and downlink.

• With these features, LTE Release 8 supports peak data rates exceeding 300 Mbit/s in DL and 75Mbit/s in UL, and a cell average spectral efficiency gain of x 2-3 over HSPA Release 6


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Public LTE end user device examples

Huawei E398,

2100/2600 LTE

LTE/HSPA/EDGE

E.g. Tele2, Telenor

Samsung B3730

2600 LTE

LTE/HSPA/EDGE

E.g. TeliaSonera,

Samsung Craft

1700/2100 LTE

LTE/CDMA

MetroPCS

SamsungTD-LTEprototype

Sequans TD-LTE trial device

LG Adrenaline AD600

1700/2100/700 LTE

LTE/HSPA/EDGE

AT&T

Many more devices coming in diverse band combinations along communication service providers requirements.

Samsung N350

LTE/HSPA+

Pantech UML290USB modem

700 LTE

LTE/EVDO

Verizon

L-02C USB-modem 2100 LTE

LTE/HSPA

F-06C PC Express Cards

NTT DoCoMo

LG VL600 USB modem

700 LTE

LTE/EVDO

Verizon

AVM FRITZ!BoxWLAN router

800 (1800/2600) LTE

O2 Germany

Huawei B390Router

800 LTE

DT, O2 Germany

http://www.avm.de/de/Presse/Pressefotos/Fotos/2010/AVM_FRITZBox_6840_LTE_Web.jpg


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LTE spectrum & ecosystem

FDD LTE

• Early FDD LTE ecosystem mainly building on

2600 (Europe, China, APAC)

2100 (Japan)

1800 (GSM refarming)

1700/2100 AWS (North America)

1600 (US – wholesale)

800 digital dividend (Europe, APAC)

Upper 700 MHz (Verizon)

Lower 700 MHz, B/C (AT&T)

TD-LTE

• Early TD-LTE ecosystem

2300 (India, APAC, China)

2600 (Europe, China ?, USA ?)


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How many bands can current LTE device chipsets support ?

ST-Ericsson M710 [LTE/HSPA/EDGE,4 LTE, 3 HSPA, 4 GSM]

Qualcomm MDM9200 [LTE/DC-HSPA+/GSM]

Qualcomm MDM9600 [LTE/DC-HSPA+/CDMA/GSM]

Icera Espresso 410 [LTE/HSPA+/GSM]

• 1 - 4 LTE bands with

• up to 4 HSPA bands

• up to 4 GSM bands

• up to 3 CDMA2000 bands

•Possible band combinations

vary between chipset vendors

Multimode chipset platforms

Samsung’s LTE-only chip setLG’s LTE-only chip set

http://www.icerasemi.com/


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Frequency band vs. early LTE market demand

LTE Band 1 (2100 , FDD)

LTE Band 7 (2600, FDD)

EU Digital Dividend Initially in Germany

LTE Band 20 ( 800, FDD)

LTE Band 13 (U700 MHz, FDD)

LTE Band 4 + Band 2(AWS and 1900, FDD)

• Currently, all commercial mobile LTE devices are multimode (GSM/WCDMA and/or CDMA)• Initial LTE deployments in 8 FDD bands and 2 TDD bands

• Device availability driven by market demand per use case , early operators are driving devices which include the LTE bands needed for the operator’s specific spectrum assets

LTE Band 17 + Band 4 (AT&T L700 + AWS, FDD)

China, India, Russia

LTE Band 38 (2500 – 2600, TDD)LTE Band 40 (2300 – 2400, TDD)

LTE Band 3 (1800, FDD)

Telefonica]

http://www.vodafone.it/190/trilogy/jsp/home.do?tabName=Privati


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Evolution paths to LTE3GPP operator examples

2010

Aggressive HSPA+

T-Mobile, USASoftbank, Japan

LTE2GWCDMA/HSPA

HSPA+

Potentially skip HSPA+,Early LTE

TeliaSonera, DoCoMo LTE

HSPA+?

First HSPA+, then LTE

AT&T, USAElisa, Finland

LTE2GWCDMA/HSPA

HSPA+

DC-HSPA

2GWCDMA/HSPA


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Evolution paths to LTE3GPP2 operator examples

2010

Continue CDMA,Aggressive HSPA+

Bell & Telus, Canada

CDMA EV-DO

HSPA /HSPA+

LTE

Continue EVDO,Aggressive LTE plan

Verizon, USALG U+, South-Korea

Continue EVDO,Aggressive WiMAX

Sprint/Clearwire, USA

CDMA EV-DOEV-DOeHRPD

LTE

CDMA EV-DO

WiMAX

LTE


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Evolution paths to LTETD-LTE specific operator examples

2010

TD-LTE greenfield

Reliance Industries (India)

TD-LTE

Evolve TD-SCDMA path

China Mobile

TD-LTE

First HSPA, then TD-LTEIndia – most of BWA Spectrum holders (single-carrier WCDMA/HSPA, plus TD-LTE) TD-LTE

2GWCDMA/HSPA

2GTD/SCDMA


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S/PGW, GGSN

Internet/

IntranetsMultiradio

SGSN,

MME

HSS/

HLR

Charging+

billing PCRF

E2E Management

Voice,

Messaging

Common transport

RNC, BSC

Smooth LTE-introduction 10 step “check list”

10. SMS, Voice• SMS-support

• Voice options

4. EPC• Need for 4D scalability

• Location of MME, SGW, PGW

• 2G/3G/4G Packet Core evolution

• Scalable Internet connectivity

• IP address scalability

5. E2E interworking(device, radio, core)

• LTE-WCDMA/HSPA

• LTE-GSM

• LTE-CDMA2000

• LTE-WiMAX

1. Devicecapabilities

• network support should be aligned with device LTE capabilities

2. Radio Access• New band deployment

vs. refarming

• antenna plant arrangements(including 2*2 MIMO)

• Synchronization reference

7. Subscriber management

• LTE subscriber profiles

• USIM cards, EIR, roaming

8. Charging• LTE charging

and billing

9. PCRF• LTE policy control

6. OSS-domain• SON capabilities

• E2E-mgmt (e.g. QoS, customer experience)

3. Mobile transport• Transport data scalability, SLAs

• Ethernet for every LTE BTS cell site

• Network topology changes (X2-links between BTS-sites)

• LTE traffic security (esp. BTS-sites)

3G/2G access


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Smart networks with LTE innovations

Always on

Battery life

Service quality

Capacity &Throughput

Smart scheduler software

More active users per cell• LTE: up to 800• LTE-A: up to 1.600

Longest battery life time • Less time ”active” when not needed

Unique service perception• Service aware scheduling• Service aware latency reduction


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LTE voice options

LTE used for data service only

Voice via 3G/2G based

on standardized CSFB

LTE used for data service only

Voice via 3G/2G based on

device based “velcro” dual radio

LTE used for both data as well

as SIP/IMS-based VoLTE(as defined in the One Voice / GSMA VoLTE specs)

LTE in phone formfactor devices


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Bandwidth Extension

MIMO

Cooperative Systems

Relaying

8x 4x

100 MHz

Backward

compatible

to LTE

Mobility

Evolution to LTE-Advanced


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LTE-Advanced: Background

• ITU-R has issued a Circular Letter early 2008 to invite candidate Radio Interface Technologies for IMT-Advanced.

• In the circular letter, key features of IMT-Advanced are listed. From physical layer perspective, one important requirement is stated as: “enhanced peak data rates to support advanced services and applications (100 Mbit/s for high and 1 Gbit/s for low mobility were established as targets for research)”

• To enhance LTE features further to fulfill all IMT-Advanced requirements and hence become an IMT-Advanced technology, 3GPP started a new Study Item on LTE-Advanced in March 2008.

• Currently, 3GPP RAN is finalizing LTE Release 10 which is the first LTE-Advanced release. LTE-Advanced has been evaluated by 3GPP and external bodies like WINNER+ and it meets all IMT-Advanced requirements.

• LTE-Advanced has got an approval from ITU-R in October 2010


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Bandwidth Extension

MIMO

Cooperative Systems

Relaying

8x 4x

Smooth

Migration

to LTE-A

Backward

compatible

to LTE

Mobility

Up to 100 MHz

Flexible component carrier aggregation

Different frequency bands

Asymmetric in UL/DL

20 MHz

Component Carrier

(LTE rel. 8 Carrier)

Aggregated BW: 30MHz

10 MHz

20 MHz

Aggregated BW: 5x20MHz = 100MHz

20 MHz20 MHz20 MHz20 MHz

1st LTE field trialBerlin, 11/2007

Bandwidth Extension

100 MHz


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MIMO Extension

Bandwidth Extension

Cooperative Systems

Relaying

100 MHz

Backward

compatible

to LTE

Mobility

Smooth

Migration

to LTE-A


MIMO8x

4x

MU / Virtual MIMO

6x

2x

2x

2x

Increased spatial Multiplexing

DL: 8x8

UL: 4x4

Virtual MIMO

Multi User MIMO

MIMO8x 4x


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Cooperative Systems

Bandwidth Extension

MIMO

Relaying

8x 4x

100 MHz

Backward

compatible

to LTE

Mobility

Smooth

Migration

to LTE-A


Cooperation of antennas of multiple sectors / sites

Interference free by coordinated transmission / reception

Highest performance potential

Service Area

Cooperative Systems


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Relaying

Bandwidth Extension

MIMO

Cooperative Systems

8x 4x

100 MHz

Backward

compatible

to LTE

Mobility

Smooth

Migration

to LTE-A


Fast deployment

Coverage infrastructure costs

Relaying


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Peak Data Rate Evolution

WCDMA

HSPA

LTE

LTE-Advanced

BEYOND

2 Mbps

10 Mbps

100 Mbps

1 Gbps

10 Gbps

• Radio evolution must bring at least 10x improvement– EDGE 0.2 Mbps WCDMA @ 2 Mbps

– HSPA 10 Mbps LTE @ 100 Mbps

– LTE-A 1 Gbps Beyond 4G @ 10 Gbps

• Initial 5G must fulfil >10 Gbps

• Beyond 5G >100 Gbps

100 Gbps

1-4 Mbps

10-40 Mbps

~100 Mbps

~1 Gbps

EDGE

0.2 Mbps

0.3 Mbps

0.1 Mbps


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Peak Rate can be Pushed with More Bandwidth and More Antennas

• Peak rate can be pushed by– Higher order modulation

– More MIMO branches

– More bandwidth

• Preconditions

– Stationary environments

– Good signal level

– High frequency band

64QAM

8x8 MIMO

270 MHz spectrum

x

x

-20% overhead

x

10 Gbps

=

256QAM

8x8 MIMO

200 MHz spectrum

x

x

-20% overhead

x

10 Gbps

=

64QAM-256QAM feasible in small cells with good signal conditions

8x8 antenna is less complex at high frequency, but not practical at low bands

200-270 MHz bandwidth may be available above 2500 MHz


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Summary of Main BEYOND Technology SolutionsBest of both worlds: Wide Area & Local Area

Connectivity Everywhere

Marriage of RF and optical transport

Cooperative active antennas & beams give

>10 bps/Hz/cell

Local break outfor direct Internet access

>10x small cells including wireless backhaul

Ultralow latency 0.1 ms for local access

>200 MHz wideband RF technology


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Technology Cycles and Terminal Volumes

2040203020202010200019901980

1G - analog

2G - GSM

3G - WCDMA

4G - LTE

5G

= Technology launch

= Terminal sales peak volumes

• 18-20 years from technology launch to terminal sales peak volume. Note: the sales peak value is a few years earlier than the peak volume.

• 3G peak volume expected 2020

• 4G LTE peak volume 2028-2030

• 5G peak volume 2036-2040

Future extrapolation

Internet of things and machine-to-machine may change this picture?


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Need for Technology Evolution?

“Lada – No need for evolution if you make it right at the first time!”

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