lpg/flammable gas leakage detector

1 FLAMMABLE GAS LEAKAGE DETECTOR

Chapter 1:-

Introduction to FLAMMABLE GAS LEAKAGE DETECTOR.

M.A.E.E.R.’s S.S.P.P.


1.1 Introduction

The MQ6 Gas Vapor Monitor detects gas vapors at 10%, 20% or 30% of the concentration

required for an explosion (LEL or Lower Explosive Limit). The desired sensitivity can be

selected from the front panel and stored in the non-volatile memory. When activated, the

MQ6 built-in 85 dB alarm will sound and make call to the stored cell number.

The alarm will continue to sound as long as the sensor detects a dangerous

concentration of gas vapor or until the reset button is pressed. If the alarm is silenced by the

use of the reset button, the MQ6 will automatically sound the alarm again as soon as the gas

vapor has subsided.

This project is microcontroller based project. A Gas sensor is used to Detect

dangerous gas leaks in the kitchen or near the gas heater. This unit detects 300 to 5000ppm of

Natural Gas. Ideal to detect dangerous gas leaks in the kitchen. Sensor can be easily

configured as an alarm unit. The sensor can also sense LPG and Coal Gas. Ideal sensor is

used to detect the presence of a dangerous LPG leak in your car or in a service station,

storage tank environment. This unit can be easily incorporated into an alarm unit, to sound an

alarm or give a visual indication of the LPG concentration. The sensor has excellent

sensitivity combined with a quick response time if gas is detected 5 calls are made by the

device to authorized person or numbers assigned to the device

In this project there are mainly two units, telephone and microcontroller unit.

Telephone is used to call authorized persons configured by standard programming of the

telephone unit. Depending upon the Gas sensor output microcontroller can call to the

authorized person and a alarm will start to warn the people around or near there.



The main aim of this project is to develop a gas leakage control and Auto dialing system.

This system will detect any chances for a gas leakage from cylinder-based appliance (e.g.

LPG cylinder). Usually fire occurs in a cylinder- based appliance due to leakage of gas

through the gas pipeline. By using a gas sensor, the above reason can be detected in advance.

With the use of an alarming system the user can be alerted about this. If the user is in a

remote place GSM technology can be incorporated to alert the user. If gas leakage occurs, by

using an exhaust fan the leaked gas can be expelled out. The controlling operation on fan is

done by the microcontroller. And GSM modem performs an auto dialing to a user.

The gas leakage sensor senses the gas leakage and triggers a signal. The

microcontroller signal senses it and sends the signal using telephone modem. Further for

safety the exhaust fan is turned ON to expel the gas out of the window.



1.2 Literature survey.

The new age of technology has redefined communication. Most people nowadays have

access to telephones and thus the world indeed has become a global village. At any

given moment, any particular individual can be contacted with the telephone. But the

application of telephone cannot just be restricted to starting conversations.

New innovations and ideas can be generated from it that can further

enhance its capabilities.

. Security management of several home and office appliances is a subject of growing interest

and in recent years we have seen many systems providing such security.

These days apart from security from robbery there must be security from flammable gases

Present in the surrounding to protect houses, offices, vehicles, industries etc.

From various harmful gases. There is a need to have security from this gases.

Mobile phone is also playing role in its parallel world with telephones.

When there is Gas leakage the telephone and mobile phone both will play great role in the

detector to contact and warn the authorized person about flammable gas leakage.

Both Mobile Phone and Telephone are required to perform the project.



1.3 Objective of FLAMMABLE GAS LEAKAGE DETECTOR.

The project “FLAMMABLE GAS LEAKAGE DETECTOR” as the title suggests is

aimed to construct a alarm that warns the authorized person of leakage of flammable

gas on which it is based.

General objectives of the project are defined as;

1. To warn authorized person about flammable gas leakage.

2. To effectively call 5 authorized persons about it.

3. To start exhaust fan and expel the gas outside in open air.

4. Stop the destruction due to gas leakage or gas explosion.



1.4 Organisation of Report.

Our topic “FLAMMABLE GAS LEAKAGE DETECTION” is thoroughly explained in all

the chapters in this report. Planning and organization of this subject has been done with

curiosity and as per the given deadline. So this project report gives us the entire overview of

this subject.

The report is divided into various chapters to understand each aspect of the subject

technically and separately.

Chapter 1 gives us a brief introduction of this project topic. This consists of literature survey,

objective of this project and history.

Chapter 2 gives us a detailed description of the proposed system with its circuit diagram and

its description. It also gives the block diagram of the system with its working principle.

Chapter 3 describes the implementation of the project with its hardware and software

description that is detailed analysis of each component.

Chapter 4 gives us the advantages, disadvantages and applications of this system. It also gives

the costing of the project with name of the component, cost of single component, number of

components and total cost.

Chapter 5 concludes this project report with its future scope, reference (books and websites)

and datasheets.



Chapter 2:-

Proposed system.

2.1 Block diagram of proposed system.



Power Supply:-

Fig 2.2

There are many types of power supply. Most are designed to convert high voltage AC mains

electricity to a suitable low voltage supply for electronic circuits and other devices. A power

supply can by broken down into a series of blocks, each of which performs a particular

function.

Each of the blocks is described in more detail below:

Transformer - steps down high voltage AC mains to low voltage AC.

Rectifier - converts AC to DC, but the DC output is varying.

Smoothing - smoothes the DC from varying greatly to a small ripple.

Regulator - eliminates ripple by setting DC output to a fixed voltage.



Transformer

Transformers convert AC electricity from one voltage

to another with little loss of power. Transformers work

only with AC and this is one of the reasons why mains

electricity is AC.

Step-up transformers increase voltage, step-down transformers reduce voltage. Most

power supplies use a step-down transformer to reduce the dangerously high

mains voltage (230V in UK) to a safer low voltage.

The input coil is called the primary and the output coil is called the secondary. There

is no electrical connection between the two coils, instead they are linked by an

alternating magnetic field created in the soft-iron core of the transformer. The two

lines in the middle of the circuit symbol represent the core.

Transformers waste very little power so the power out is (almost) equal to the power

in. Note that as voltage is stepped down current is stepped up.

The ratio of the number of turns on each coil, called the turns ratio, determines the

ratio of the voltages. A step-down transformer has a large number of turns on its

primary (input) coil which is connected to the high voltage mains supply, and a small

number of turns on its secondary (output) coil to give a low output voltage.

Rectifier


Fig 2.3

Transformer circuit symbol


Bridge rectifier

A bridge rectifier can be made using four individual diodes, but it is also available in

special packages containing the four diodes required. It is called a full-wave rectifier

because it uses all the AC wave (both positive and negative sections). 1.4V is used up

in the bridge rectifier because each diode uses 0.7V when conducting and there are

always two diodes conducting, as shown in the diagram below. Bridge rectifiers are

rated by the maximum current they can pass and the maximum reverse voltage they

can withstand (this must be at least three times the supply RMS voltage so the

rectifier can withstand the peak voltages). Please see the Diodes page for more details,

including pictures of bridge rectifiers.

Bridge rectifier Output: full-wave varying DC

Fig 2.4



Single diode rectifier

A single diode can be used as a rectifier but this produces half-wave varying DC

which has gaps when the AC is negative. It is hard to smooth this sufficiently well to

supply electronic circuits unless they require a very small current so the smoothing

capacitor does not significantly discharge during the gaps. Please see the Diodes page

for some examples of rectifier diodes.

Single diode rectifier Output: half-wave varying DC

Smoothing

Smoothing is performed by a large value electrolytic capacitor connected across the

DC supply to act as a reservoir, supplying current to the output when the varying DC

voltage from the rectifier is falling. The diagram shows the unsmoothed varying DC

(dotted line) and the smoothed DC (solid line). The capacitor charges quickly near the

peak of the varying DC, and then discharges as it supplies current to the output.


Fig 2.5 (a) Fig 2.5 (b)


Fig 2.6

Note that smoothing significantly increases the average DC voltage to almost the peak

value (1.4 × RMS value). For example 6V RMS AC is rectified to full wave DC of

about 4.6V RMS (1.4V is lost in the bridge rectifier), with smoothing this increases to

almost the peak value giving 1.4 × 4.6 = 6.4V smooth DC.

Smoothing is not perfect due to the capacitor voltage falling a little as it discharges,

giving a small ripple voltage. For many circuits a ripple which is 10% of the supply

voltage is satisfactory and the equation below gives the required value for the

smoothing capacitor. A larger capacitor will give less ripple. The capacitor value must

be doubled when smoothing half-wave DC.

C = smoothing capacitance in farads (F)

Io = output current from the supply in amps (A)

Vs = supply voltage in volts (V), this is the peak value of the unsmoothed DC

f = frequency of the AC supply in hertz (Hz), 50Hz in the UK



Regulator

Voltage regulator ICs are available

with fixed (typically 5, 12 and 15V)

or variable output voltages. They are

also rated by the maximum current

they can pass. Negative voltage

regulators are available, mainly for

use in dual supplies. Most regulators

include some automatic protection from excessive current ('overload protection') and

overheating ('thermal protection').

Many of the fixed voltage regulators ICs have 3 leads and look like power transistors,

such as the 7805 +5V 1A regulator shown on the right. They include a hole for

attaching a heat sink if necessary.

Please see the Electronics in Meccano website for more information about voltage

regulator ICs.


Voltage regulator

Photograph

Fig 2.7


Microcontroller:-

Fig 2.8

An embedded microcontroller is a chip, which has a computer processor with all its

Support function (clocking and reset), memory (both program storage and RAM), and I/O

(Including bus interfaces) built into the device. These built in function minimize the need

For external circuits and devices to the designed in the final applications.

The improvements in micro-controller technology has meant that it is often more cost-



effective, faster and more efficient to develop an application using a micro-controller

Rather than discrete logic. Creating applications for micro-controllers is completely

different than any other development job in computing and electronics. In most other

Applications, number of subsystems and interfaces are available but this is not the case for

The micro-controller where the following responsibilities have to be taken.

• Power distribution

• System clocking

• Interface design and wiring

• System Programming

• Application programming

• Device programming

There are two types of micro-controller commonly in use. Embedded micro-controller is

the micro-controller, which has the entire hardware requirement to run the application,

provided on the chip. External memory micro-controller is the micro-controller that

allows the connection of external memory when the program memory is insufficient for

an application or during the work a separate ROM (or even RAM) will make the work

easier.



b) ATMEL Micro-controller

The AT89C51 is a low-power; high performance CMOS 8-bit microcomputer with 8K

bytes of Flash programmable and erasable read only memory (PEROM). The device is

manufactured using Atmel’s high-density non-volatile memory technology and is

compatible with the industry-standard 80C51 and 80C51 instruction set and pin out. The

on-chip Flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed in-system or by a

conventional non-volatile memory programmer. By combining a versatile 8-bit CPU with

Flash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel AT89C51 is a powerful microcomputer which

provides a highly-flexible and cost-effective solution to many embedded control

applications.

The main features of this micro-controller are as follows;

• Compatible with MCS-51 TM \ Products

• 8K Bytes of In-system reprogrammable Flash Memory

• Endurance: 1,000 write/erase cycles

• Fully static operation: 0 Hz to 24 MHz

• Three-level Program Memory Lock

• 256 x 8-bit internal RAM

• 32 Programmable I/O lines

• Three 16-bit Timer/Counters

• Eight Interrupt Sources

• Programmable Serial Channel

• Low-power Idle and Power-down Modes



GAS SENSOR:-

FEATURES

*High sensitivity to LPG, iso-butane, propane.

* Small sensitivity to alcohol, smoke.

* Fast response.

* Stable and long life

* Simple drive circuit

APPLICATION

They are used in gas leakage detecting equipments in family and industry, are suitable

for detecting of LPG, iso-butane, propane, LNG, avoid the noise of alcohol and cooking

fumes and cigarette smoke.

SPECIFICATIONS



Structure and configuration of MQ-6 gas sensor is shown as (Configuration A or B), sensor

composed by micro AL2O3 ceramic tube, Tin Dioxide (SnO2) sensitive layer, measuring

electrode and heater are fixed into a crust made by plastic and stainless steel net. The heater

provides necessary work conditions for work of sensitive components. The enveloped MQ-6

have 6 pin, 4 of them are used to fetch signals, and other 2 are used for providing heating

current.

LCD DISPLAY:-



Fig 2.9

In this project we have used two 16-pin LCD panel one at the transmitter side and another at

receiver side.

At transmitter side, we are able to see the changes in ADC readings of the microcontroller

according to responses of two LDR. At receiver side, we are able to see the states of output

device i.e. which device is ON/OFF.

VOICE RECORDER:-

Features

• Single-chip, high-quality voice recording & playback solution

- No external ICs required

- Minimum external components

• Non-volatile Flash memory technology

- No battery backup required



• User-Selectable messaging options

- Random access of multiple fixed-duration messages

- Sequential access of multiple variable-duration messages

• User-friendly, easy-to-use operation

- Programming & development systems not required

- Level-activated recording & edge-activated play back switches

• Low power consumption

- Operating current: 25 mA typical

- Standby current: 1 uA typical

- Automatic power-down

• Chip Enable pin for simple message expansion

General Description

The APR9600 device offers true single-chip voice recording, non-volatile storage, and

playback capability for 40 to 60 seconds. The device supports both random and sequential

access of multiple messages. Sample rates are user-selectable, allowing designers to

customize their design for unique quality and storage time needs. Integrated output amplifier,

microphone amplifier, and AGC circuits greatly simplify system design. The device is ideal

for use in portable voice recorders, toys, and many other consumer and industrial

applications. APLUS integrated achieves these high levels of storage capability by using its

proprietary analogy/multilevel storage technology implemented in an advanced Flash non-

volatile memory process, where each memory cell can store 256 voltage levels. This

technology enables the APR9600 device to reproduce voice signals in their natural form. It

eliminates the need for encoding and compression, which often introduce distortion.



Fig 3.0

TONE PULSE DIALER:-

Microcircuits of tone-pulse dialler IL91214AN, IL91214BN are intended for generation of

the standard DTMF or pulse signals and are used in the phones.

Performed functions:

The given device makes it possible:

- to form the standard DTMF or pulse signals of bumber dialling, as well as the pulses of the

type “flash”;

- to store and and transmit the last dialled number;

- to form the interdigit pause in the transmitted signal pack of dialling.

2.2 Circuit Diagram:-



2.3Circuit working:-

The figure shows the circuit diagram FLAMMABLE GAS LEAKAGE DETECTION. In this

the circuit diagram consist of a microprocessor Atmel IC 89S52,LCD



display, ,transformer,10k resistor, diodes, a gas sensor MQ-6,IC APR9600 & a tone pulse

dialer to make calls.

The working of the circuit depends upon the gas sensor which tells the user about the gas

leakage with the help of a tone pulse dialler to dial a call.

TONE PULSE DIALLER:-

When a gas leaks the sensor sense’s it, which is connected to the microcontroller and, The

Microcontroller sends appropriate signals to the dialler to dial a call.

MICROCONTROLLER:-

Microcontroller receives the signal sent from the Gas sensor, then checks the status of it and

then sends another signal to the tone pulse dialler and voice recorder.

The microcontroller also sends a bit pattern to the LCD, to display the message.

Microcontroller consists of 4 ports:-

1. Port 0 (P0.0 to P0.7) from pin 32 to 39.




In this circuit, Port 3 is used as input port, all the other ports are output ports.

GAS SENSOR:-

In this circuit, there is a Gas sensor. Gas sensor is connected to the device which is to be

controlled. It is used as switch for make and break operation with the device.

.When gas leaks it warns microcontroller about it.



LCD:-

A liquid crystal display (LCD) is a thin, flat display device made up of any number of

colour or monochrome pixels arrayed in front of a light source or reflector. It is

often utilized in battery-powered electronic devices because it uses very small amounts

of electric power.

When LCD receives bit pattern from microcontroller, it displays a message.

For example,

Appliance 1 is ON.

Or

Appliance 2 is ON.

Or

All appliances ON / OFF.

The working of the circuit is held under 5 function stored with the help of a program & is

brought into work with by sending message allotted to a particular appliance.

1. By sending a text message “1” to a GSM modem:-

The GSM modem will receive the message with the help of SIM card connected to it. After

receiving the message it will get stored in the SIM & it will activate the appliance allotted to

appliance number 1 i.e. the bulb which is connected by relay 1.






appliance number 2 i.e. the battery charger point or connect any other home appliance which

is connected by relay 2.




appliance number 3 i.e. the 12 v bulb which is connected by relay 3.



receiving the message it will get stored in the SIM & it will “TURN ON” all the appliances

which are connected to a port 1, 2, 3 i.e. bulb 1 bulb 2 & the battery charger slot present on

the electric board after message 4 is provided to a GSM modem.

5 By sending a text message “5” to a GSM modem:-


receiving the message it will get stored in the SIM & it will “TURN OFF” all the appliances

which are used as an indicator i.e. bulb 1, bulb 2, battery charger slot (mobile battery). The

message 5 indicates that all the appliances are off & they are not in use.



Chapter 3:-

IMPLEMENTATION OF PROJECT - HARDWARE AND

SOFTWARE.

3.1 Hardware description.

Microcontroller:-

An embedded microcontroller is a chip, which has a computer processor with all its

support function (clocking and reset), memory (both program storage and RAM), and I/O



(including bus interfaces) built into the device. These built in function minimize the need

for external circuits and devices to the designed in the final applications.

Microcontroller 89c51 has 4 KB of flash memory and 128 B of RAM.

Microcontroller consists of 4 ports:-





All four ports in the AT89C51 are bidirectional. Each consists of a latch (Special Function

Registers P0 through P3), an output driver, and input buffer. The output drivers of Ports 0 and

2, and the input buffers of Port 0, are used in accesses to external memory. In this application,

Port 0 outputs the low byte of the external memory address, time-multiplexed with the byte

being written or read. Port 2 outputs the high byte of the external memory address when the

address is 16 bits wide. Otherwise the Port 2 pins continue to emit the P2 SFR content. All

the Port 3 pins, and two Port 1 pins (in the AT89C52) are multifunctional. The alternate

functions can only be activated if the corresponding bit latch in the port SFR contains a 1.

Otherwise the port pin is stuck at 0. It has less complex feature than other microprocessor.

In this circuit, Port 3 is used as input port, all the other ports are output ports.

GAS SENSOR:-

A gas detector is a device which detects the presence of various gases within an area, usually

as part of a safety system. This type of equipment is used to detect a gas leak and interface

with a control system so a process can be automatically shut down. A gas detector can also



sound an alarm to operators in the area where the leak is occurring, giving them the

opportunity to leave the area. This type of device is important because there are many gases

that can be harmful to organic life, such as humans or animals.

LCD:-

A liquid crystal display (LCD) is a flat panel display, electronic visual display, or video

display that uses the light modulating properties of liquid crystals (LCDs). LCD does not

emit light directly.

Each pixel of an LCD typically consists of a layer of molecules aligned between two

transparent electrodes, and two polarizing filters, the axes of transmission of which are (in

most of the cases) perpendicular to each other. With no actual liquid crystal between the

polarizing filters, light passing through the first filter would be blocked by the second

(crossed) polarizer.

TONE PULSE DIALER:-

Microcircuits of tone-pulse dialler IL91214AN, IL91214BN are intended for generation of

the standard DTMF or pulse signals and are used in the phones.

Performed functions:

The given device makes it possible:

- to form the standard DTMF or pulse signals of bumber dialling, as well as the pulses of the

type “flash”;

- to store and and transmit the last dialled number;

- to form the interdigit pause in the transmitted signal pack of dialling.


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid_crystal

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filter_(optics)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polarizer

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrode

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_(optics)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecule

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pixel

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid_Crystals

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_display

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_display

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_visual_display

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flat_panel_display


PCB:-

A printed circuit board, or PCB, is used to mechanically support and electrically connect

electronic components using conductive pathways, tracks or signal traces etched from copper

sheets laminated onto a non-conductive substrate. It is also referred to as printed wiring board

(PWB) or etched wiring board. A PCB populated with electronic components is a printed

circuit assembly (PCA), also known as a printed circuit board assembly or PCB Assembly

(PCBA). Printed circuit boards are used in virtually all but the simplest commercially

produced electronic devices.

PCBs are often less expensive and more reliable than these alternatives, though they require

more layout effort and higher initial cost. PCBs are much cheaper and faster for high-volume

production since production and soldering of PCBs can be done by automated equipment.

VOICE RECORDER IC:-

The APR9600 device offers true single-chip voice recording, non-volatile storage, and

playback capability for 40 to 60 seconds. The device supports both random and sequential

access of multiple messages. Sample rates are user-selectable, allowing designers to

customize their design for unique quality and storage time needs. Integrated output amplifier,

microphone amplifier, and AGC circuits greatly simplify system design. the device is ideal

for use in portable voice recorders, toys, and many other consumer and industrial

applications. APLUS integrated achieves these high levels of storage capability by using its

proprietary analog /multilevel storage technology implemented in an advanced Flash non-

volatile memory process, where each memory cell can store 256 voltage levels. This

technology enables the APR9600 device to reproduce voice signals in their natural form. It

eliminates the need for encoding and compression, which often introduce distortion.


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substrate_(electronics)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laminated

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_etching

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_conductor

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_component


PCB Layout:-

Fig 3.1

3.2 Hardware Testing:-



At first Power supply is switched ON then microcontroller is turned on which is connected to

dtmf encoder, dtmf encoder is used to call authorized person to warn about gas leaks. It also

rotates the Exhaust fan and turns LED ON

The 5V power supply is given to the microcontroller IC89s52 using power supply unit. The

inputs are given to input ports of microcontroller & dtmf encoder and out ports are tested

with the multi meter.

The supply is given to the Exhaust Fan. Using microcontroller input is given to the Fan and

checked the status of Fan.

5V supply is given to the LCD, depending upon status of gas leak and the status of leak is

displayed on LCD screen.



3.3 Software Description:-

3.4 Algorithm:-

1. At first power supply is switched on.

2. Power supply switch is turned on and all the devices present in both the sides are

supplied with 5v dc power supply.

3. Some gas leaks.

4. Gas Sensor senses the gas.

5. Gas sensor sends the fault signal to the microcontroller.

6. Microcontroller receives the data.

7. Microcontroller compares the Fault.

8. If the match is successful then the microcontroller sends high signal and turn on the

LED & Exhaust Fan.

9. The DTMF encoder & Voice recorder turns ON.

10. Authorized person are called to check for gas leaks.

11. Status of gas leak displayed on LCD.

3.4 Flowchart:-




Fig 3.2


Chapter 4:-

Result



4.1 Advantages:-

1. This is cheaper and the calling rates by telephones are way cheaper than mobile calls.

2. The telephone which is used at are home is connected by extension no extra

connection needed.

3. Security by calling pre-stored 5 mobile or telephone.

4. Wired Technology can work where telephone line is present.

4.2 Disadvantages:-

1. If there is short circuit while calling when gas leaks may be harmful to the user.

2. If the called party doesn’t accept the call he won’t know about it.

3. Operation is possible just through telephone line.

4. The Controlling unit must compulsorily attend the call.

4.3 Applications:-

1. Applications in household kitchen.

2. Industries dealing with flammable or harmful gas etc.

3. Cars, vehicles running on LPG and CNG.



4.4 Costing:-

Name of component Cost of single

component ( Rs)

Number of

components

Total cost(Rs)

IC 89S52 65 1 65

LCD 165 1 165

LED 1 3 3

Gas sensor 350 1 350

Ic socket 4 5 20

Crystal oscillator 6 2 12

Capacitor 2-3 14 40

2 Pin keys 1 13 13

Resistor 0.5 25 13

Connector 1 31 30

Transistor 2 3 6

1N 407 diode 2 6 12

Terminal strip 2 10 20

Condenser Mic 1 3 3

PCB (Normal size) 2 20-30 50

PCB designing 330 1 330

Soldering wire 10 1 meter 10

Connecting wire 10 1 meter 10

Ic apr9600 100 1 100

Ic 7805 20 1 20

Ic 91214A 50 1 50

Ic 93C46 20 1 20

Ic LM386 10 1 10

Speaker/Alarm 40 1 40

Transformer 40 1 40

Board 100 1 100

TOTAL Rs.1367.50 131 component 1512



CHAPTER 5:-

Conclusion



5.1 Future Scope

The future scope is very easy to implement in household things in kitchens, vehicles,

industries & mines where natural flammable gases are found.

The project we have undertaken can be used as a reference or as a base for realizing a

scheme to be implemented in other projects of greater level such as percentage of flammable

Gases found in nature.

The project itself can be modified to achieve a complete Home Security System from

flammable gas leaks which will then create a platform for the user to interface between

himself and his household.



5.2 Reference

Books:-

1. 8051 Microcontroller. By - Mazidi.

2. 8051 Microcontroller. By – Muhammad Ali.

3. Embedded systems.

Websites:-

1. www.embedtronics.com .

2. www.wikipedia.org .

3. www.webopedia.com .


http://www.webopedia.com/

http://www.wikipedia.org/

http://www.embedtronics.com/


5.3 Past /previous Knowledge

We were previous going to make a gas leak detector connected to gsm module.

Afterwards we changed it to gas leak detector with telephone line for cost cutting

of the project.



5.4 Datasheets:-


lpg/flammable gas leakage detector

Documents

aplus integrated

portable voice

pulse dialler

liquid crystal

tone pulse

transmitted

including

reproduce