lower-garage-lighting-costs-and-improve-illumination-ipi-dallas-2008
TRANSCRIPT
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Lower Garage Lighting Costs and Improve Illumination –
A Case Study
Michael Klein, Albany Parking Authority Don Monahan, Walker Parking Consultants
The International Parking Institute Conference & Exposition June 2, 2008; Dallas, Texas
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Introductions
Michael Klein Presenter Executive Director Albany Parking Authority
Don Monahan Presenter Walker Parking Consultants Denver, CO
Novus Engineering, PC Lighting Design Mark J. Bagdon, P.E. Marianne Donovan, LC
Background
Regulations
Albany Parking
Implementation
Evaluation
Questions
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Presentation Outline
The consumer perspective The process Lighting audit Proposed lighting retrofit &
photometric calculations Implementation Environmental impacts Cost savings Feedback & evaluation
Background
Regulations
Albany Parking
Implementation
Evaluation
Questions
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The Consumer Perspective
Consumers want parking that is: Accessible Affordable Proximate Safe Clean Well lit Environmentally sensitive
Background
Regulations
Albany Parking
Implementation
Evaluation
Questions
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The Process
Examine facilities Determine grant availability Study with lighting experts Re-examine studies Develop operational plans Implement programs Evaluate results and consumer
reaction
Background
Regulations
Albany Parking
Implementation
Evaluation
Questions
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Energy Conservation Regulations
International Building Code 2006, Section 505 Parking Garage Interior Lighting < 0.30 watts
per SF Uncovered Parking Areas < 0.15 watts per SF
ASHRAE 90.1-2001, Table 9.3.1.1 Parking Garage < 0.3 watts per SF
Background
Regulations
Albany Parking
Implementation
Evaluation
Questions
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Background
Regulations
Albany Parking
Implementation
Evaluation
Questions
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Comparing Lighting with Regulations
Understanding different technologies
Matching spacing criteria and density
Meeting IES requirements
Background
Regulations
Albany Parking
Implementation
Evaluation
Questions
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Energy Conservation Incentives
Federal Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT 2005) Effective Date: January 1, 2006 Must reduce lighting energy usage
below limits specified by ASHRAE 90.1-2001 (0.3 watts per sf for parking garages)
Full tax deduction of $0.60 per sf for 40% reduction in lighting power density (<0.18 watts per SF)
Background
Regulations
Albany Parking
Implementation
Evaluation
Questions
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Energy Conservation Incentives
Federal Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT 2005) Partial tax deduction of $0.30 per SF for
25% reduction in lighting power density (0.225 watts per SF)
Tax deduction prorated between 25% and 40% reduction in lighting power density
For tax exempt government buildings, the designer is eligible for the tax deduction as opposed to the owner
Background
Regulations
Albany Parking
Implementation
Evaluation
Questions
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Energy Conservation Incentives
Clean Energy Tax Stimulus Act of 2008 (not enacted as yet) Extended tax deduction expiration from
December 31, 2008 to December 31, 2009.
Increases full deduction to $2.25 per SF and partial deduction to $0.75 per SF
Project must be placed in service between January 1, 2006 and December 31, 2009
Background
Regulations
Albany Parking
Implementation
Evaluation
Questions
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Energy Conservation Incentives for Albany Parking Authority
New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA) 50% rebate on lighting study equaled
approximately $7,000 Rebate on per fixture basis for peak load
reduction was approximately $6,000
EPACT 2005 Tax Deduction Garage #1: 121,800 SF @ $0.60/SF equals
$73,080 (Net benefit @ 35% tax rate equals $25,578)
Garage #2: 238,200 SF @ $0.60/SF equals $143,000 (Net benefit @ 35% tax rate equals $50,022)
Background
Regulations
Albany Parking
Implementation
Evaluation
Questions
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Case History – Albany, NY Background
Regulations
Albany Parking
Implementation
Evaluation
Questions
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Lighting Measurements
Location # Fixtures
Max Min Avg Calc* Light Loss Factor
Columbia 141 19.2 1.2 7.4 20.1 0.37
Quackenbush 348 20.0 3.1 13.7 15.1 0.91
Green Hudson 144 6.5 2.1 4.31 6.6 0.65
Horizontal illuminance on the floor directly under each light fixture
*Calculated illuminance directly under the fixture with no light loss.
Background
Regulations
Albany Parking
Implementation
Evaluation
Questions
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Comparison of Lamp Types
Initial Lumens
Lumen Depreciation
Design Lumens
Lamp Life hours
Lamp- Ballast Watts
150W HPS 16,000 0.72 11,520 28,000 188
175W MH 14,000 0.65 9,100 10,000 208
4, T8 Fluor 11,800 0.9 10,620 30,000 110
2, T5 HO Flour
10,000 .95 9500 35,000* 121
100W HPS 9,500 0.72 6,840 28,000 128
100W MH 8,500 0.65 5,525 10,000 127
2, T8 Fluor 5,900 0.9 5,310 30,000 68
Background
Regulations
Albany Parking
Implementation
Evaluation
Questions
*12 hours per start
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Illuminance Calculations Location Average
Illuminance Minimum Illuminance
Maximum Illuminance
Columbia, Existing 175W MH
4.6 1.3 6.7
Columbia w/2, T5 HO
6.3 2.4 17
Green Hudson, Existing 100W HPS
2.7 0.6 6.6
Green Hudson, Proposed 2, T8 Fluorescent
5.0 1.8 10.1
Quackenbush, Existing 100W MH
5.3 0.5 9.2
Background
Regulations
Albany Parking
Implementation
Evaluation
Questions
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Temperature Data – Albany, NY Background
Regulations
Albany Parking
Implementation
Evaluation
Questions
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Temperature Factor Background
Regulations
Albany Parking
Implementation
Evaluation
Questions
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Lighting Operating Cost Calculation
Background
Regulations
Albany Parking
Implementation
Evaluation
Questions
Annual Energy Cost = Annual Operating Hours X # of Light Fixtures X Input Watts per Fixture X Cost/Kwh
New York’s Cost/Kwh is second highest in Nation* Hawaii $.1570/Kwh New York $.1255/Kwh Texas $.0795/Kwh Ohio $.0689/Kwh Kentucky $.0463.Kwh
* 2004 data
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Columbia Garage Electric Costs
2003 2004 2005 2006
Annual Cost $40,541 $39,771 $41,857 $49,254
Kwh 339,171 354,320 357,200 344,160
Cost/Kwh $0.12 $0.11 $0.12 $0.15
Background
Regulations
Albany Parking
Implementation
Evaluation
Questions
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Lighting Study Columbia Garage Existing Lighting Design
Operated 24/7 except 7 major holidays (8592 hours/year)
141, 175-watt metal halide fixtures (208 input watts) equals 29,328 watts
Annual Energy Cost equals $37,798 at $0.15 per KWH
Average illuminance approximately 4.6 footcandles
Lighting Power Density equals 0.236 watts per SF
Background
Regulations
Albany Parking
Implementation
Evaluation
Questions
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Lighting Study Columbia Garage
Proposed Lighting Retrofit Replacement of existing fixtures on one-for-
one basis with fluorescent fixture utilizing 2, T5HO lamps and high power ballast utilizing 121 input watts
Energy savings = 42% Annual estimated operating cost savings =
$17,400 Estimated construction cost = $60,688 Payback period = 3.4 years Average illuminance increased to 7.1
footcandles Lighting power density = 0.127 watts/SF
(<0.18 watts/SF)
Background
Regulations
Albany Parking
Implementation
Evaluation
Questions
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Green Hudson Electric Costs
2003 2004 2005 2006
Annual Cost $24,029 $24,301 $27,769 $31,366
Kwh 208,662 220,058 211,927 204,225
Cost/Kwh $0.12 $0.11 $0.13 $0.15
Background
Regulations
Albany Parking
Implementation
Evaluation
Questions
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Lighting Study Green Hudson Garage Existing Lighting Design
Operated 6 am to midnight on weekdays (6,240 hours/year)
144, 100-watt high pressure sodium fixtures (128 input watts) equals 18,432 watts
Annual Energy Usage = 224,158 kWh at $0.15 per KWH
Average illuminance approximately 2.7 footcandles
Lighting Power Density = 0.15 watts per SF
Background
Regulations
Albany Parking
Implementation
Evaluation
Questions
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Lighting Study Green Hudson Garage Proposed Lighting Retrofit
Double the number of light fixtures to increase illuminance to comply with industry standards for an average of 5 footcandles
Utilize fluorescent fixture with 2, T8 lamps and normal power ballast utilizing 55 input watts
Energy usage decreases with twice the light fixtures
Estimated Construction Cost = $102,082 Average illuminance increased to 5.0
footcandles Lighting Power Density equals 0.094 watts per
SF
Background
Regulations
Albany Parking
Implementation
Evaluation
Questions
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Quackenbush Garage Electric Costs
2003 2004 2005 2006
Annual Cost $49,735 $53,911 $60,326 $74,045
Kwh 431,280 449,920 490,480 501,760
Cost/Kwh $0.12 $0.12 $0.12 $0.15
Background
Regulations
Albany Parking
Implementation
Evaluation
Questions
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Lighting Study Quackenbush Garage
Existing Lighting Design Operated weekdays from 6 am to
midnight (6240 hours per year) 343, 100-watt metal halide fixtures
(127 input watts) equals 43,561 watts Annual Energy Cost = $37,798 at $0.15
per KWH Average illuminance approximately 5.3
footcandles Lighting Power Density equals 0.186
watts per SF
Background
Regulations
Albany Parking
Implementation
Evaluation
Questions
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Lighting Study Quackenbush Garage Proposed Lighting Retrofit
Replacement of existing fixtures on one-for-one basis with fluorescent fixtures utilizing 2, T8 lamps and normal power ballast using 68 input watts
Energy Savings = 46% Annual Operating Cost Savings = $14,206 Estimated Construction Cost = $122,240 Payback period = 8.6 years Average illuminance remains at approximately 5
footcandles Lighting Power Density equals 0.096 watts/SF
Background
Regulations
Albany Parking
Implementation
Evaluation
Questions
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Decision Factors
Base level readings IES requirements Calculated payback period Administrative decisions
Background
Regulations
Albany Parking
Implementation
Evaluation
Questions
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Operationalizing the Plan Review original design concepts Modify for current conditions Apply expertise of LC professional Create project manual and bid
package
Background
Regulations
Albany Parking
Implementation
Evaluation
Questions
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Implementation Process Bid to implement concept with local firm
vetted through NYSERDA Review of Original Design Concepts Consider Photocell Control for Additional
Savings Consider Fixture Options – Efficiency and
Cost Track for EPAct Tax Deduction Credits Re-run Photometrics Develop Plans and Specs
Background
Regulations
Albany Parking
Implementation
Evaluation
Questions
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Wet/IP 66 Rating 94% Efficiency Light Weight
Polycarbonate Extended System
Warranty Lamp/Ballast
Offered in Both T5HO and T8
Easy Installation UV Stabilized 5 Year Warranty
Fixture Selection Background
Regulations
Albany Parking
Implementation
Evaluation
Questions
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Daylighting Control Sensors
Low temperature/high humidity Set-point plus safety factor Deadband prevents system cycling
when light level is very near the set-point
Background
Regulations
Albany Parking
Implementation
Evaluation
Questions
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Daylighting Example
Background
Regulations
Albany Parking
Implementation
Evaluation
Questions
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Implementation Timeline 10 Bids Received –Bids Reviewed for
Accuracy/Completeness Bid Range $158,600-$224,000 Low Bidder awarded Contract Awarded – 8/01/07 Preconstruction Meeting – 9/27/07 Kick-Off Meeting – 10/04/07 Construction Begins 11/07 Construction Substantially Completed
2/08
Background
Regulations
Albany Parking
Implementation
Evaluation
Questions
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Columbia Results
Background
Regulations
Albany Parking
Implementation
Evaluation
Questions
2005 2006 2007 2008
Annual Cost $41,857 $49,254 $51,035 $36,371*
Kwh 357,200 344,160 354,480 239,697
Cost/Kwh $0.12 $0.15 $0.15 $0.15
* Annual cost projection based on 4 months actual bills
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Columbia Results Background
Regulations
Albany Parking
Implementation
Evaluation
Questions
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Columbia Results Background
Regulations
Albany Parking
Implementation
Evaluation
Questions
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Green Hudson Results
Background
Regulations
Albany Parking
Implementation
Evaluation
Questions
2005 2006 2007 2008
Annual Cost $27,769 $31,366 $33,817 $27,365*
Kwh 211,927 204,225 224,158 178,551
Cost/Kwh $0.12 $0.15 $0.15 $0.15
* Annual cost projection based on 4 months actual bills
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Green Hudson Results Background
Regulations
Albany Parking
Implementation
Evaluation
Questions
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Green Hudson Results Background
Regulations
Albany Parking
Implementation
Evaluation
Questions
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Environmental Impacts 153,972 lbs. of CO2 avoided Equivalent number of cars removed
from the road is 15.
Background
Regulations
Albany Parking
Implementation
Evaluation
Questions
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Overall Evaluation Began on the IPI exhibit floor Credit – expert advice Enclosed fluorescent fixtures utilize
47% less energy than comparable HID fixtures
Light loss due to cold weather mitigated by enclosure
Photocell sensors valuable addition Energy conservation incentives
reduce payback period
Background
Regulations
Albany Parking
Implementation
Evaluation
Questions
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Questions Background
Regulations
Albany Parking
Implementation
Evaluation
Questions
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Lower Garage Lighting Costs and Improve Illumination –
A Case Study
Michael Klein, Albany Parking Authority Don Monahan, Walker Parking Consultants
The International Parking Institute Conference & Exposition June 2, 2008; Dallas, Texas