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1Low Carbon WtE for Aotearoa
Low carbon WtE solution for Aotearoa
Dr. Marc R. Stammbach / MD HZI Australia
30th WasteMINZ Conference 20185-8 Nov 2018 Christchurch NZ
Low carbon WtE solution for Aotearoa
Circular Economy and WtE
WtE for Aotearoa
Cool Myths and Hot Truths
Summary
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Circular Economy and WtE
Waste sector contributes 3.8 Mt CO2-e per year equivalent to 5% of NZ’s emission profile (2016)
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Reference: Ministry for Environment: NZ’s Greenhouse Gas Inventory 1990-2016, Snapshot April 2018, , www.mfe.govt.nz
And it matters because methane is a strong greenhouse gas
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IPCC (2018): “….reduction of methane from the waste
sector to limit global warming to 1.5oC”
Ban untreated waste going to landfill
EfW closes the energy cycle -Material and energy recycling are complementary
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EfW saves up to 2t CO2 per
treated t of waste.
CO2
Reduction
Reduction
EfW offsets CO2from power production.
MaterialRecyclingMaterial
Recycling
ThermalRecyclingThermal
RecyclingEfW eliminates
Methane emissionsfrom Landfill.
AUS & NZ 43%EU 40%CH 50%
AUS & NZ 0%EU 24%CH 49%
AUS & NZ 57%EU 36%CH 1%
Methaneemissions
Groundwaterleakage
Reality check for “100% PURE NEW ZEALAND”
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Source: Eurostat 2016
Goal 2050 2030NZ today with 57%
landfillingNZ today with 57%
landfilling
“pure” is synonyms for: “clean, clear, fresh, crisp, refreshing, sparkling, unpolluted, untainted, unadulterated, uncontaminated”
Energy & Compostfrom biowaste withanaerobic digestion
Energy & Material from non recyclable waste with thermal treatment
We need at least three bins to achieve “zero waste to landfill”
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RecyclingCompost & fertiliser
Direct RecyclingGlass, paper, metals
RecyclingMetals & minerals
Low Carbon WtE for Aotearoa
WtE for Aotearoa
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Typical WtE plant achieves 96% landfill diversion
none-recyclable wasteadditives for flue gas cleaning
OUT
IN
energy - electricity and heatbottom ash for recyclingcleaned flue gasflue gas cleaning residues
combustion and energy recovery
flue gas treatment
energy utilization
waste reception and storage
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Typical WtE Plant – one of 600 Hitachi Zosen ReferencesRockingham WtE Project in Perth, Western Australia
l Thermal treatment of 300,000 tpy residual waste from councils and industry – after source separation of recyclables and organics
l 96% landfill diversion – 4% flue gas treatment residues to landfilll Zero greenhouse gases from landfilll Energy-efficient design with an R1 factor of 0.79 (must be >0.65)l 29 MW base electricity production
Client SPV HZI/NEC/TRIBE
Key DatesFC/NTP March 2019Start-up approx 3 years after FC/NTP
TechnologyFurnace Grate furnace (air-cooled)Energy recovery 5-pass boiler, turbine generator setFlue gas treatment SNCR, dry system
Technical DataFuel Residual MSW and C&IWaste capacity 300,000t/aNet calorific value 7.5-13.0 MJ/kgThermal capacity 1 x 101.8 MW
Low Carbon WtE for Aotearoa
EPC Technical Concept – Layout / 3D view
Low Carbon WtE for Aotearoa
Bottom ash treatment process
Waste reception area
Administration and visitor centre
Weigh bridges
Turbine hall and ACC
Bottom ash storage/maturation areaCombustion line & boiler
Flue gas treatment
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Tipping Hall under Negative Air Pressure at all Times
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Waste reception area
Clean flue gas stack Bunker air stack (during revision)
Dry Scrubbing with Hydrated Limeand Activated Carbon
Principal:Neutralisation / absorption of HCl, SO2, Mercury and Dioxins with dry powdered adsorbent (hydrated lime and powdered activated carbon PAC)
Main Control Loops:Hydrated dosing according mainly to HCl(SO2) emissions
Fabric filter pulse-jet cleaning according to differential pressure
From Boiler
Residues
Rea
ctor
Fabric filterTo Stack
Recirculation
PAC Ca(OH)2
Dosing & milling
dP
SO2 HCl
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Wet Scrubbing – A Proven Alternative
Principe and main control loopsNeutralisation / absorption of pollutants with water, caustic soda and (optional) activated carbon or coke
Control Loops:caustic soda dosing according to pHscrubber blow down according to concentration (measured as conductivity )(water flow to Ringjet stage according to differential pressure)feed of clear water according to level
From boiler
Blow down
Que
nch
To stack
PAC
NaOH
pH
C
Clean water
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Where to with pollutants ?
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Polluted combustible material is converted to H2O and CO2
Some residual pollutants (like NOx, VOC, CO) can be reduced / converted to non-hazardous substances (H2O, CO2, N2) …
… but most of them will be separated from the gas …
… neutralised and/or stabilised and then landfilled as residue or drained off as neutral salts …
… or recovered as waste product
Example: Cl (Chlorine)
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Landfill
With or without “stabilisation”
Source: Organic matter, but mainly PVC (generating HCl); neutralisation in the FGT plant:
HCl + NaOHà NaCl + H2O
2 HCl + Ca(OH)2à CaCl2 + H2OUnderground Landfill
Backfilling old mines
Production of new
Salt (NaCl)
Draining off
Options for handling the reaction product
Quantity of Flue Gas Treatment Residues & Key Questions
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
dry FGT wet FGT
Res
idue
s(k
g/t w
aste
)
reaction product fly ash
Key Questions Yes No
Discharge of treated
waste with salty water
possible ?
Wet scrubbing in
favour
Dry scrubbing
Plume at the stack
acceptable ?
Wet or Dry Dry scrubbing
Residue disposal cost
high ?
Wet scrubbing &
residue treatment
Dry scrubbing
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Both solutions fully provenAcceptance of discharge of salty water into ocean is key
Bottom Ash Maturation, Treatment and Aggregate Storage under Roof and Wind Shielded
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Strategy for Bottom Ash AggregatesReplicate European experience in the local context
Comply with UK and European Standard
A safely useable product in building materials and aggregates in parallel with recycling of metals
Strategy for Bottom Ash aggregates replicates European experience in the local context
Products manufactured to a robust Quality Protocol
Low embodied energy demand during production
Supporting a sustainable futureLow Carbon WtE for Aotearoa 20
… but also Material-from-Waste!
Metal Recovery• Precious metal• Ferrous• Aluminium
MfW
Not only Energy-from-Waste …
Energy Recovery• Power• Steam
• Heating• Cooling
PfW
CfW
HfW
SfW
Urban Mining of Ferrous, Non-Ferrous & Precious Metals
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PREVENTION
PREPARE FOR RE-USE
RECYCLING
OTHER RECOVERY
DISPOSAL
«Waste hierarchy» beyond Energy from Waste:
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Cool Myths and Hot Truths
Office block, warehouse, WtE or tourism?
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WtE is safe with many plants located next to residentsLow Carbon WtE for Aotearoa
Issy-les-Moulineaux – Paris, France
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Energy Content of Selected Waste Streams
Waste stream Energy content (LHV)
Residuals with 3 bins 9 MJ/kg
Glass 0 MJ/kg
Metals (loose & large 0 MJ/kg
Metals (bound or small) 0 MJ/kg
Food & green 4.5 MJ/kg
Paper & Cardboard 13.5 MJ/kg
Plastics 27 MJ/kg
Tyres 36 MJ/kg
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Energy Content and Weight-based Pricing
Waste stream Energy content (LHV) Weight-based Pricing
Residuals with 3 bins 9 MJ/kg 200 $/t
Glass 0 MJ/kg 200 $/t
Metals (loose & large 0 MJ/kg 200 $/t
Metals (bound or small) 0 MJ/kg 200 $/t
Food & green 4.5 MJ/kg 200 $/t
Paper & Cardboard 13.5 MJ/kg 200 $/t
Plastics 27 MJ/kg 200 $/t
Tyres 36 MJ/kg 200 $/t
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Weight-based Pricing or Energy-based Pricing?
Waste stream Energy content (LHV) Weight-based Pricing Energy-based Pricing
Residuals with 3 bins 9 MJ/kg 200 $/t 200 $/t
Glass 0 MJ/kg 200 $/t 0 $/t
Metals (loose & large 0 MJ/kg 200 $/t 0 $/t
Metals (bound or small) 0 MJ/kg 200 $/t 0 $/t
Food & green 4.5 MJ/kg 200 $/t 100 $/t
Paper & Cardboard 13.5 MJ/kg 200 $/t 300 $/t
Plastics 27 MJ/kg 200 $/t 600 $/t
Tyres 36 MJ/kg 200 $/t 800 $/t
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WtE Gate-FeeLow Carbon WtE for Aotearoa
Facts and figures around the Circular Economy and WtE
Waste stream Energycontent (LHV)
Gate-fee composting &
recycling
Gate-fee WtE Comments
Residuals with 3 bins 9 MJ/kg plus $300/t 200 $/tWtE works
“cool” recycling is a myth: compost quality issues, 50% diversion, stranded
assets
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Facts and figures around the Circular Economy and WtE
Waste stream Energycontent (LHV)
Gate-fee composting &
recycling
Gate-fee WtE Comments
Residuals with 3 bins 9 MJ/kg plus $300/t 200 $/tWtE works
“cool” recycling is a myth: compost quality issues, 50% diversion, stranded
assets
Glass 0 MJ/kg 0 $/t 0 $/t WtE down-cycles to aggregate
Metals (loose & large 0 MJ/kg 0 $/t 0 $/t WtE frees metals
Metals (bound or small) 0 MJ/kg not possible 0 $/t Urban metal mining with WtE
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Facts and figures around the Circular Economy and WtE
Waste stream Energycontent (LHV)
Gate-fee composting &
recycling
Gate-fee WtE Comments
Residuals with 3 bins 9 MJ/kg plus $300/t 200 $/tWtE works
“cool” recycling is a myth: compost quality issues, 50% diversion, stranded
assets
Glass 0 MJ/kg 0 $/t 0 $/t WtE down-cycles to aggregate
Metals (loose & large 0 MJ/kg 0 $/t 0 $/t WtE frees metals
Metals (bound or small) 0 MJ/kg not possible 0 $/t Urban metal mining with WtE
Food & green 4.5 MJ/kg 50 to 100 $/t 100 $/t WtE destroys nutrients
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Facts and figures around the Circular Economy and WtE
Waste stream Energycontent (LHV)
Gate-fee composting &
recycling
Gate-fee WtE Comments
Residuals with 3 bins 9 MJ/kg plus $300/t 200 $/tWtE works
“cool” recycling is a myth: compost quality issues, 50% diversion, stranded
assets
Glass 0 MJ/kg 0 $/t 0 $/t WtE down-cycles to aggregate
Metals (loose & large 0 MJ/kg 0 $/t 0 $/t WtE frees metals
Metals (bound or small) 0 MJ/kg not possible 0 $/t Urban metal mining with WtE
Food & green 4.5 MJ/kg 50 to 100 $/t 100 $/t WtE destroys nutrients
Paper & Cardboard 13.5 MJ/kg 0 $/t 300 $/t down-cyclingWtE okay for polluted paper
Plastics 27 MJ/kg 50 to 100 $/t 600 $/t down-cyclingWtE okay for polluted plastic
Tyres 36 MJ/kg 100 $/t 800 $/t down-cyclingWtE best as cement kiln
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Circular economy and WtE are in environmental & economic harmonyLow Carbon WtE for Aotearoa
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Summary
Low carbon WtE solution for Aotearoa
Ban all untreated waste going to landfill and set target for 2030 as 2050 is too late
Waste to Energy is environmentally sound and empowers the circular economy
“Cool Myths” cloud the “Hot Truths”
Circular economy and WtE are in environmental & economic harmony
Both WtE with dry or wet flue gas treatment are suited to Aotearoa
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Waste is our Energy.Engineering is our Business.Sustainable Solutions are our Mission.
Check our References.
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l Consortium IP13 (Suez consortium leader) awarded design, building and operations contractl Combined EfW and MBT plant for total waste treatment capacity of around 490,000 t/a of
municipal solid waste, replacing a thermal EfW plant from 1960 on the same sitel HZI responsible for grate and boilerl Combined heat and power export:
l max. electrical power: ca. 15 MWl max. district heat export: ca. 118 MW
Client SYCTOM
Start-up 2022
TechnologyFurnace Grate furnace (water-cooled)Energy Recovery 4-pass horizontal boiler, external eco, turbineFlue gas treatment Dry (2 filter, bicarbonate) SCR
Technical DataFuel Mix of untreated and treated
municipal solid wasteWaste capacity 350,000 t/a (max. 2 x 24.64 t/h)Net calorific value 11.04 MJ/kgThermal capacity 2 x 75.55 MW
Ivry-sur-Seine, France
Architect: Jean-François CAPEILLE; AIA Architectes
Low Carbon WtE for Aotearoa
Client TermoWtE
Start-up 2022
TechnologyFurnace Grate furnace (air-cooled)Energy Recovery 4-pass boiler, turbineFlue gas treatment Dry with SNCR
Technical DataFuel Municipal wasteWaste capacity 1,700,000 t/a
l EPC turnkey contract for complete plant incl. civil works l First EfW Plant in Latin America
The facility will convert approximately 1,700,000 tonnes of waste per year into baseload renewable energyNet electrical efficiency of 29% with a power output of more than 140 MW
Mexico City, Mexico
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Client RT-Invest
Start-up 2022
TechnologyFurnace Grate furnace (air-cooled)Energy Recovery 4-pass vertical boiler, turbineFlue gas treatment SemiDry with SNCR
Technical DataFuel Municipal and industrial wasteWaste capacity 700,000 t/a (3 x 30 t/h)Net calorific value 7.5 – 12.5 MJ/kg
l EPC turnkey contract for complete plant incl. civil works l Pilot project for a total of five planned energy-from-waste plants in Moscow and Kazanl Plant contributes to Russia’s energy strategy according to which by 2020, 4.5% of
energy must be from renewable energy sources
Moscow, Russia
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Client Dubai Municipality
Start-up 2021
TechnologyFurnace Grate furnace (air-cooled)Energy Recovery 4-pass vertical boiler, turbineFlue gas treatment SemiDry with SNCR
Technical DataFuel Municipal and industrial wasteWaste capacity 1,500,000 t/a (4 x 46 t/h)Net calorific value 7 – 14 MJ/kg
l The largest Resource Recovery Facility worldwidel Build, Operate and Transfer project for 30 years Operation
Joint venture formed by Hitachi Zosen Inova (Switzerland) and BESIX (Belgium), a truly unique partnership, to implement a first class Energy from Waste plant for the Emirate of DubaiThe facility will convert approximately 1’500’000 tonnes of waste per year into baseload renewable energy, producing 137MW of electricity at full capacity
Dubai, UAE
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Client Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality (IMM)
Start-up 2020
TechnologyFurnace Grate furnace (air-cooled)Energy Recovery 4-pass vertical boiler, turbineFlue gas treatment SemiDry with SNCR
Technical DataFuel Municipal and industrial wasteWaste capacity 1,000,000 t/a in 3 linesThermal capacity 3 * 87 MW
l EPC turnkey contract for complete plant incl. civil works and O&M for one yearl Largest energy-from-waste plant for municipal solid waste in Europel With 1 Mio t/a largest turnkey project ever awarded in Europe l The project will be executed by a consortium of Hitachi Zosen Inova and its Turkish partner
Makyoll Besides electricity the plant provides economical value for the region: 20% of components will
be produced locally and construction work will be executed by local work forces only
Istanbul, Turkey
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Ferrybridge 2, UK
l EPC turnkey contract for complete plantl Multi-fuel facility for RDF and waste woodl Fuel delivery by road and trainl The plant will be producing enough energy to power around 170,000 homesl High efficient process with direct driven turbine and flue gas recirculationl Built adjacent to the existing Ferrybridge C and Ferrybridge Multifuel 1 sites
Client Ferrybridge Mutlifuel Energy 2 Ltd
Start-up 2019
TechnologyFurnace Grate furnace (air-cooled)Energy recovery 5-pass boiler, hangingFlue gas treatment SemiDry and Wet scrubber, with SNCR DeNOx
Technical DataFuel RDF and waste woodWaste capacity 2 x 35.5 t/h @ nominal
2 x 42.2 t/h @ max566,000 t/a
Net calorific value 12 MJ/kg at LPN (8.5 – 16.5 is the full range)Thermal capacity 2 x 117.7 MWSteam 2 x 145.1 t/h (73 bar, 430°C)
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