los argumentos - exposiciÓn de artes visuales - curadoría de ticio escobar - paraguay -...

8/3/2019 Los Argumentos - EXPOSICIN DE ARTES VISUALES - Curadora de Ticio Escobar - Paraguay - PortalGuarani

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Jk rA pm L L kik vQB ~pafkpea fn VEBEKNRBK@AP

BNOVPK B^JV^PAJ FN NRXAOA "L^A O FN RA JA \A P "

0 o K ~Ar~obe7oXapam~au


3/38

EOVPKF^BBEKO

XaeralnBkinobnikr bko ~oa no~obeabe7o xajiapea< nrvaikr wewenofk no nj Xapam~au~o venixk xapveb~japinovn f~pk/ Ok wenon aj bark adkpa no~inpap jkr eogkpv~oekrq~n 1 8 ba~rao* bkokbefkr xkp vkfkr u xkp bare vkfkr xafnbefkr* xnpk* a jkr ngnbvkrfn bkino|ap a ntxkonp ja vpaia fn nrva b~pafkppa* rg bkowenon pnbkpfap`pnwninovn nj bjeia fn fnrnrxnpao|a q~n noiapba o~nrvpk xpnrnovn avpe`~jafk/Jainova`jninovn a vpawnr fn ~oa i~nrvpa ok x~nfn ferexaprn nra avi7rgnpaon`~jkra u amkèaovn< a g~np|a fn i~bdkr pnwnrnr* nj apvn da pno~obeafk a r~xpnvnore7o fn pnwnpvep ja dervkpea nrmpeienofk jar pa|konr fn ja ntxpnre7o u njnrxjnofkp fn ja gkpia/ Xnpk re da fnrervefk fn r~ wenlk r~ngek fn noindfapjkrunppkr fn r~ xpkxek bkovntvk* nj apvn ok da pno~obeafk a r~ npoxngek xkpgeafk fnnrvpninbnp jar pnxpnrnovabekonr rkbeajnr oe da xnpfefk jar maoar fn rk`pnrajvap njnq~eje`pek fnj kpfno nrva`jnbefk u ja eonpbea fn jar bnpvn|ar xabvafar/ Nrvawkbabe7oeppevaovn fnj apvn x~nfn fap xervar xapa pneiameoap* re ok ~oa rajefa* rg aj inokrajm~o kvpk p~i`k eor~ierk* pnabek a rnm~ep nj fnppkvnpk q~n eofeba nj baieokbnmafk/ Xnpk vapoèno x~nfn rnpwep fn apm~inovk xapa fnikrvpap ga r~xnpwewnobeafn eiameoapekr pnrervnovnr u wevajnr* ja wemno bea fnj fnrnk aènpvk* nj wemkp fn jaax~nrva nov~reariafa/ Q~e|a no ponfek fn ja eobjninobea fn nrvn venixk q~n uaf~pa fniareafk* nrvkr mnrvkr eovnorkr x~nfao rnpwep fn aw~fa)ponikpea* fn ax~ovnk ìpafkp xapa kvpa amnofa/Nrq~n* vnpieoafa ja pnxpnre7o* ja bkpp~xbe7o rn bkowenpvn no ~oa fn o~nrvparfnrmpabear iaukpnr/ Xnpk ok kjwefnpokr q~n ja infekbpefaf ) ~oa bkornb~nobeafn ja bkpp~xbe7o3 q~e|a ~oa gkpia fn njja) bkorvev~un vaièno ~o a|kvn rnpek/ Jainfekbpefaf rn ntxpnra no ja eonxvev~f u ja rk`npèa emokpaobea fn ja bjarnmk`npoaovn* xnpk vapoèno agjkpa no ferveovkr x~nrvkr rkbeajnr bkik pnremoafainfeaoga< r~x~nrvk parmk b~jv~paj ar~iefk bkpoxjebn u pnremoafainovn/ Ja àlabajefaf bkornovefa* nj aiem~erik bkixeabenovn* nj gabejerik paixj7o* 1 8 infeaokq~n ni`kva ja eiameoabe7o* ja fnrefea q~n gpnoa nj nrg~np|k bpnavewk $nj wua fa"*nj"arg okiar"* nj"xapa)okrkvpkr)ua)nrva) eno"% bkorvev~uno ajm~oar gem~par r~uar/Ikvewafk no xapvn xkp ~o rervnia q~n f~paovn iar fn vpneova apenr vpav7 fn nrq~ewap

2L[$y&Apm v j jono1$Lr


4/38

nj pemkp fnj xnoraienovk u jkr penrmkr fn ja bpnavewefaf* nrvn aàofkok kb~ppnrk`pn nj vpargkofk fn ~oa dervkpea mjkàj q~n xpniea nj paq~everik b~jv~paj ur~ngea bko nrxnbvafkpnr xarewkr* x~`jebkr xnpn|krkr n eppngjntewkr bkor~iefkpnr/Agkpv~oafainovn* ok xkbar g~np|ar vpaàlao no bkovpapek< be~fafaokr vk|~fkr*a~fevkpekr ntemnovnr* vpaàl afkpnr f eE emnovnr u vnoabnr nrv~f eaovnr )u darva* q~ e|a*ajm~o xkjevebk fnrxervafk q~n awao|a a bkovpaiaok) bkorvp~uno* xpkf~bno*

/ eownovao* r~nGeao< xpkxkono ajvnpoavewar rnpear* rn l~nmao no xkr fn xpkunbvkrgnb~ofkr u 1 8 dabno bko g~np|a u bko ngebabea/

IaxarDau* x~nr* kvpk xaer q~n rn E e pa fn gem~pap no jkr xpeinpkr x~nrvkr no iavnpea fnbkpp~xbeko u infekbpefaf uno jkr ~jvepokr no vnpieokr fn fnrappkjjk/ Bkik ~onlnpbebek fn gebbeko bkorvp~bvewa* ja b~pafkpga fn nrva ntxkrebeko nr`k|a njbkovkpok paxefk fn kvpk iaxa xkre`jn/ Xapa dabnpjk* vkia bkik devkr ajm~oark`par fn apvervar xapam~aukr xpkf~befar f~paovn nrvn venixk aièm~k q~n rnjjaia* 8rn jEaiaà* "vpaorebeko a ja fnikbpabea" u q~n ~ok ok ra`n i~u èno noq~n x~ovk fn r~ vpaorevn rn dajja* re vpaorevapa vkfawea* Pnr~jva eixkpvaovn fnrvabapaba ja eixkpvaobea fn ja x~nrva no gkpia fn ja ntxkrebeko< no vnoreko u feajkmkbko njje`pnvk b~pavkpeaj* ja i~rnkmpagga pnr~jva dku g~ofainovaj xapa nrbnoegebapnj fnrappkjjk fnj xpkunbvk n eorva~pap ~o nrxabek fn bkogpkovabeko novpn jarfegnpnovnr k`par/ No nrvn rnovefk nj vpaàlk fn Krwajfk Rajnpok* i~rnkmpagk fnnrva ntxkrebeko* da pnr~jvafk fnberewk xapa xpkunbvap nrn kvpk iaxa q~n xpkxkonja i~nrvpa/K`weainovn* nj vpa|afk fn vaj iaxa r~xkon ~oa rnjbbbeko apèvpapea* bkik 1 8dabn nj pnbkpvn fn b~ajq~enp b~pafkpea/ No xpeinp j~map* bkorefnpa rkjk ~o vpnbdku ~o aom~!k fn ~oa dervkpea fniareafk bkixjebafa3 no rnm~ofk* rnm~o jar xa~varq~n rnpao ntx~nrvar nornm~efa* rnjnbbekoa ~o bkol~ovk pnrvpeomefk fn apvervarnovpn i~bdkr kvpkr $np~fevkr* eofgmnoar* xkx~japnr%3 no vnpbnp j~map* rkjainovneowkj~bpa ~oa xpabveba< ja apvgrveba* novpn vaovkr kvpkr q~ndabnpnr q~n xkfpgaornpwep èno fn iklkonr xapa `kbnvap eiameoapeainovn i~bdkr kvpkr xnpgejnrbapvkmpagebkr xkre jnr/Aovn bepb~orvaobear afwnprar* ja b~jv~pa nr pnrxkora`jn fn xpkwnnp apm~inovkr$ijvebkr* pev~ajnr* apvgrvebkr /// j xapa pnokwap jar maoar* q~n reo njear ok x~nfnonixpnofnprn èno jkr bkinvefkr onbnrapekr/ Fniaofaofk nj b~ixjeienovk fnnra k`jemabeko/ 8 pnrxkofenofk a njja* nrva i~nrvpa `~rba no ~oa rnpen fn k`parjkr ajnmavkr xapa fngnofnp ja ntervnobea xkre`jn fn kvpk xpkunbvk* fn kvpk iaxafnj xapr/ Iar q~n no xkr fn ~oa eovnobeko inreaoeba* rn jnwaova nrva invagkpabko ~o rnovefk fn xarn xpkxebeavkpek u+k aovebexavkpek* ua q~n nj apvn da pnb~ppefka njjkr i~bdar wnbnr eix~jrafk xkp r~ apbaeba wkbabeko fn iamea/

6+JkrApm~inovkr


5/38

B~aofk baunpko jar febvaf~par no nj Bkok R~p Javeokainpebaok* ~oa fn jar vapnarg~ofainovajnr q~n nobapapko jkr apvervar novebnr g~nja fn kxkonp ~o ikfnjkabvewk fn inikpea a jar kxnpabekonr vpeweaje|aovnr u nob~`pefkpar fn ja dervkpeakgebeaj< ja xkreèjefaf fn xpkbnrap nj f~njk u pnremoegebap rkbeajinovn nj fpaiabkorvev~ga ja vapna iar pafebaj njj vnpieokr fn xpkx~nrva apvgrveba u iar ~vej nopnmervpk xkjevebk/ Xnpk* rk`pn nj gejk ua fnj o~nwk remjk)iejnoek* rn afwepvek q~n ja

/ bkorvp~bbeko fn Sa dervkpea* fnrfn 18b~jv~paj* pnq~npga ok >718vpaàlap ja inikpeareok dabnpjk no g~obeko fn xkpwnoep3 no bjawn fn pnbkpfap nj g~v~pk* q~e|a/ Xapa~oa pnme7o avarbafa* fnrnrxnpao|afa* rn w~njwn feggbej eiameoap nj iaoaoa bkonov~rearik/ U nj apvn venon aba ~oa xkreèjefaf eovnpnraovn xpnrnovafa xkp r~eobjeoabe7o ~v7xeba u r~ fko xpkgnvebk/ Fnrfn njear x~nfn axkpvap r~ warvantxnpenobea no xpnrameap u aovebexap3 no afnjaovaprn a ga`~jap kvpk venixk fnrfnja krb~pa eovnorefaf fnj fnrnk 8 nj ienfk* fnrfn jar gem~par fn ja inikpea 8 jarpa|konr fnj fnjepek 8 nj r~ngek/ K`weainovn* nrva ax~nrva a~m~paj ok remoegeba~oa xpkinra< xpn)fnbep infeaovn njjnom~aln xknvebk ok mapaove|a ~o j~map efnaj b~ènpvkr b~rvkfea u r~rvpan ~*o inoraln nrbapokvnafk< xapafkla fn jabapva bkofnoafa xkp r~ xpkxea nwefnpebea< pnwaobda fnj inoraln rk`pn njinfea q~n 1 8 axjarva/Dau kvpar gqpiar fn png~vap ja r~x~nrva vpewejeafaf fn 18 fkponrvebk bkvefeaok/Xkp ~oa xapvn* Ajnlaofpa rnjja no bafa ~oa fn jar b~bdapar ~o ikinovk fn~oa vkvajefaf eppnb~xnpa`jn< La fnj r~lnvk q~n r718 x~nfn rnp pngjnlafkxapbeaj inovn u o~oba jkmpa a~vkbkovnixja prn novnpk o e xap novnpk rnpbkorefnpafk xap ~oa b~jv~pa q~n gpaminova nj b~npxk xapa ponlkp gnvebde|apjk/Xap kvpa xapvn* Ajnl aofpa bkorvp~un bko jkr ~vnore Eekr ~o bepb~ 1 8 8* iar èno~o apk< ~oa mpao p~nfa q~n x~nfn r~mnpep ja vnora ~oefaf fnj bkol~ovk* jaxapaf7leba mnkponvpga fnj ikweienovk/ a èno x~nfn aj~fep ~oa b kp koa p af ea vab~ukr `pejjkr u pnrxjaofkpnr ponvajebkrrko bnpeefkr xap nj mnrvk pojoepok fn~o oei`k bkoberk u r~poapek* jabkpeebk no r~ vpa|afk ntabvk/ V/N/


15/38

@NPOAPFKCPAROEAORCU

Oabn no Ar~obe7ono 15>1/ Nrv~fe7fe`~lk u xeov~pa bkoJnkokp Bnbkvvk uxkrvnpekpinovnApvnr Xjarve bar njj EaNrbkja fnBki~oebabknr nApvnr fn jaôewnprefaf fn -jakXa~jk afn)oar fn jaJebnobeav~pa noNf~babe7o Apv ervebano ja GAAX* vapoènp+JkrApm~inovkr

Fn ja rnpen @kmmeaoeGkvkmpagga xkjapkef* vpaorgnp rk`pnxaxnj fn ajmkf7o/1555Bkjnbbe7o Bnovpk fn Apvnr Wer~ajnr+I~rnk fnj @appk

M~efk @kmmeaoe $14761580% g~n ~o xeovkp* nvokmpagk u gkvkmpagk evajeaok q~njjnmk aj Xapam~au `~rbaofk* k`rnrewainovn* pnmervpap ja b~jv~pa fn jkrbdaiabkbk* eofemnoar àpàpkr* pngeoafereikr* novpn q~enonr vnpieo7iervnpekrainovn arnreoafk/@npoapfk Cparoeaorcu vpaàla jar gkvkmpaggar u jkr je pkr fn @kmmeaoe n eovnovapnrkjwnp nj abnpvelk fn r~r wealnr/ 8* inlkp* eovnova rnm~ep nj p~i`k fn nrkrnoemiar eorkj~`jnr< pnmervpap jkr pnmervpkr fn nrnapverva xnpv~p afk xkp ja xknrgafn ja fegnpnobea no ~o venixk fnrfnpekrk fn ja `njjn|a rajwaln/ Xnpknj bgpb~ 18ok x~nfn bnppaprn< bafa gkpia nr axnoar ja rki pa fn ~o xajiap eoamkva`jn*fn ~o dnpikrk b~npxk xeovafk* fn ~o pkrvpk q~n fnw~njwn ja ainoa|a fn jaiepafa/ Ja dervkpea fnj kvpk ok x~nfn rnppnf~befa xap ja inikpea arki pafafnj gkparvnpk q~n renixpn Ejnma vapfn/ 8fniareafk vnixpaok/ >718 q~nfa njpnb~prk apbaebk* àpàpk* fn jar gkpiar eoba~vafar* axpkxeafar xkp kvpk apvervaq~n ra`n nrvpninbnprn aovn nj pevk 8 ja eobkixpnore jn iepafa/ 8* a~o* kvpkapverva* q~n q~enpn pnmervpap nj pnmervpk eixkre jn fn @kmmeaoe/ V/N/ $gpamponovk%


16/38

@NVVEOA@PE\^NJAXpewnfereikInrar fn iafnpa fn bnfpk* xjabarfn unrk* japoxapar eobaofnrbnovnr/0880Xpkxenfaf fn ja apverva

Oabe7 no Ar~obeko*no 1575/ Nrv~fe7 nonj/Bnovpk fnNrv~fekr @parejnokr*bko Jewek A paik/No 1554 eompnra ajEorvev~vk R~xnpekp fnApvn* fn jaêjewnprefafOabekoaj fnAr~obeko* fkofnabv~ajinovnfnrappkjja r~ vnrer fnJebnobeav~pa/Da xapvebexafk fnwapear ntxkrebekonrbkjnbvewar/ Fnrfn njaok 0888 ntxkp neofewef~ajo)novn/ Nonj aok 0881 pnbe`nnj "Xpniek LabeovkPewnpk" fnjXpkmpapoa fnInbnoa/|mk/G~ofabe7o Gapk xapajar Apvnr Wer~ajnr noAr~obe7o/`nv v poa`p e j~njaHuaokkbbki

17 +Jk /rApm~inovkr

Ja xpkxea iapbaJa iapba $E%Jkr k`lnvkr p~veoapekr eixpnrkr xap @nvveoa @pe|~nja ua ok rko njjkr ierikrreok r~ d~njja* r~ iapba* r~ a~rnobea w~njva rnGeaj fn r~ xpkxek rnp no pnvepafa/Dao refk eixpnrkr no Ee omkvnr fn unrk u fnrxpnof efkr j~nmk/ U 1 8 dao refk nogkpia wekjnova< eobp~rvafkr bko wekjnobea u bko wekjnobea appaobafkr/ R~reiamnpenr ok rko rkjk nj rnjjk fn ~o k`lnvk nrvaixafk reok jar rnGeajnr fn ~ofnrxklk u ~oa dnpefa< fngkpiafar* axjarvafar* xpnrnovao no r~r pn`kpfnrdeobdafkr* r~r gpabv~par u r~r bpavnpnr* jkr nrvemiar fn ~o axpniek apèvpapek/Ja iapba EEEixpnrkr no nj unrk* jkr k`lnvkr dao xnpfefk r~r nveq~nvar* jkr pkv~jkrbkinpbeajnr/ Dao xnpfefk r~r oki`pnr* aq~njLkr q~n jnr aremoaào ~o nixjnku ~o wajkp fn iapba/ Adkpa ua ok rn ra`n r e nrva eobereko fnr`kpfafabkppnrxkofn a ja xpnreko fn ~o b~bdejjk 8~oa oawala u* 1 8 q~n nr iar mpawn*ok rn ra`n ja bkve|abeko q~n pngpnofa nj jkmk/ Xnpk* vapoèno* rn fnrbkokbn jagepia* ja bkpxkpabeko pnrxkora`jn fn r~ fernpek u r~ nrvejk* jkr xkfnpnr fn r~eoremoea x~`jebevafa/ Rn da `kppafk ja ferveobeko q~n bkogenpn ja xpkxamaofa*nj a~pa q~n ab~gea ne ponpbafk/ Fnriapbafa* aokoepoa* baf a bkra ua ok x~nfnda`jap fn rg< pnievn a kvpa bkra/ I~nrvpa nj wabeafk fn ~oa g~obekogaovarpoaveba/ Pnrvev~un* g~ma|inovn* ja eokbnobea kpemeoaj fn ~o ~rk xpewafk/Ja jorvajabekoJkr k`lnvkr* r~r a~rnobe ar* nrvao xpnrnovafkr rk`pn inrar japmar u fnjmafar*x~pa iafnpa b1nrxklafa fn vkfk j~rvpn u kpoavk/ Arg ntdeèfar* jkr `jaobarxjabar fn wnrk* fnrxenpvao nj vkok jaxefapek u ~o vaovk j~bv~krk q~n bkowkbanj iappokY* bkowkbafk a r~ wn| no r~ pnb~npfk xap nj xarva xkjwkpenova q~neoba~va r~ j~map rkjnion/ Are kpfnoafkr* bjaregebafkr rnm~o ~o kpfno emokpafku rk`pn japmar inrar efnovefar* jkr vpk|kr r~menpno nj vpa|afk vatkokpo ebb fn~o ja`kpavkpek fniareafk arnxvebk u ja da`jvabeko novnpa nwkba ~o nrxabeknrvnpeje|afk u q~ep~pmebk/ No r~ bnovpk* nj unrk pnb~npfa r~r bkinvefkrxpeinpkr* fnwenon kpvkxnfea q~n ax~ovaja nj rnbpnva fn bafa k`lnvk fnrveoafkaj dabnp d~ poaok u bkppemn ja f ervkpreko gnvebd erva fn jar iapbar/ Pnrvev~un nj"nrvap a iaok"* bapabvnp q~n* rnm~o Dnefnmmnp* afq~enpno jar bkrar no njbepb~jk ntvpa ok fnj rnovefk/ V/ N/ $gpaminovk%


17/38

BAPJKRXAV^\\A

Oabn no Ar~obekono 1577/ Nrapq~evnbvk* xeovkp um paàfk p / D anrv~feafk bko JewekA paik* NfevdLeinon|* Kjma@ E eof np w NrvnjaPkfpem~n| B~ npk/Fnrfn 1556 nornppano nj Vajjnp fnMpaàfk fnj Bnovpkfn Nrv~fekr@parejnpkr bko NfevdLeinon|/ A xapvep fn1558 ntxkon noXapam~au u njntvnpekp/ XpniekG~ofabe7o "XnfpkAm~npk"/ G~nbkovpavafk xkp njEorvev~vk Vapoap/ofkfn O~nwk Inlebk*NN/^^/ xapa vpa aLapno Eevkmpagva* u nol~oek fn 0880 nreowevafk a @npjeo*Ajnpoaoea xapapnaje|ap ~oaeovnpwnobe7o ~p aoano nj XkrvfainpXjav| R~ k`pa nrvapnxpnrnovafa no njBAW + I~rnk fnj@appa/b r )x 3 < L v ~||aHuadKF/bki

V=+Jk rA p m~ino v k r

Bkpa|koafaVnm~inovk pnbvaom~jap ra`pn njq~n rn nob~novpao axj ebafkr bajbnrfn kpmaokr fn bnpfk bkjafar neixnpinaèLe|afkr bko bnpa rk`pnrkxkpvn fn wnlema `kweoa0880Xpkxenfaf fnj apverva

ReLnobek fn bkpa|konrJa k`pa fn Rxav~||a me pa k`rnrewainovn no vkpok a jar gem~par fn ja ntbawabeko*ja fernbbeko u ja iavnpea kpmaoeba aRE bkik benpva xknveba fn ja kb~jvabeko unj nrbaikvnk/ Fnrfn njear* pnievn a `pnwnr oappabekonr weob~jafar bko jkrnoemiar fn ja i~npvn u nj xpkbnrk fnj venpoxk* bko ja ganoa eo~vjj fnj rnovefku jkr fnrwnjkr wenlkr fn ajm~oa nrxnpao|a/Nrva k`pa xapvn fn ja eiamno fn bkpa|konr wabekr* pnrnbkr3 fn jkr bajbkr q~nm~apfao no r~ eovnpekp nj xnrap bajjafk fn r~ xpkxea gajva/ Xnofenovn fn vnbdka xapnf* ja xen|a pnb~npfa Jeo nokpin nrvaofapvn 8~o vpkgnk ntvpawamaovn< njxnjjnlk fernbafk fn ~oa `nrve a no ntveobeko fnrbkokbefa u fniareafk mpaofn8* vapoèno* r~menpn ~o xnpmaieok fnrbki~oaj3 ja àrn fn ~oa nrbpev~paiapbd eva u bnppafa/ Xnpk* nrvn nokppon vnm~ inova gjkvaovn pnb~npfa* rk`pnvkfk* ~oa xpnofa eixkonovn< bkik ja fn Oaofnlapa B~a|~/ febn nj apvervano r~ nxjmpagn aj~fenofk 1 2 baxa npoxj~poafa fn jkr aovem~kr rdapoaonr m~apaoe/Fn ai`kr jafkr* nrva xpnr~ie`jn baxa rn nob~novpa rni`pafa fn bkpa|konrrejnobeafkr infeaovn ~o mnrvk q~n vaovk bnjn`pa 1 8 kpmaoebk bkik afwenpvnnj fnrveok unpik q~n 18 aponoa|a 1 ierik* d~njja u vnrveikoek fn r~ nrvap xajxa`jn* nj bajbk fn ~o bkpa|kopnaj nr xp~nà fn nonpmea wevaj* xpnrnovn 8xarafa/ No rnm~efa ja gem~pa nrwnjafa xkp rei`kjkr q~n 18 ajnlao fn o~nwk fn r~ x~pa pa|ko kpmaojba< rnw~njwn ajnmkpga fnj q~npnp* ngemen fnj fkjkp u nj pnmkbelk* npo`jnia fn ja xarekok fnj ienfk aj eovapvk/ U* xpkbnrafar xap jkr jnom~alnr ngebenovnr fnj inpbafk*nrvar begpar fnwenono* a r~ wn|* j~bpavewn eiamno x~`jebevapea< vpejjafk njern fnjfea fn jkr noaikpafkr* jkmkvexk fn ~oa nixpnra bkinpbeaj bapfekjkmeba*nornpea fn ~o xapvefk xkjevebk q~n nrmpein ja rkjefapefaf ~oewnpraj u kvpkrfnbepnr wab~kr w * *3[xkpq~n ok; ao~obek fn ajm~oa bapoebnpea fniareafk gpaoba/Adkpa* no jkr venixkr fn ~oa eobnpvef~po`pn pafebaj* benpva xpnkb~xabeko fnjapverva bkovnpoxkpaonk vnpieoa xkp ~r~pxap kgebekr apq~nkjkmebkr< pni~nwnjkr r~bnrewkr rnfeinovkr rnbkr fn Jeo vnppnok eogkpv~oafk `~rbaofk fn o~nwkja mapaovga fn ~o gejko wevaj* ja bnpvn|a q~n ao ~obea ~o javefk npevnppafk>*Pnaje|a r~r nrv~fekrno nj Eorvev~vkR~xnpekp fn Apvnfkofn abv~ajinovnpnaje|a r~ vnrer/Xapvebexa bjnntxkrebekonrbkjnbvewar bjnrbjn15== no nj xaer u njjnj ntvnpekp/ Fnrbjn1542 pnaje|antxkrebekonreobjewef~ajnr/ R~k pa rn nob~novpapnxpnrnovafa no njBAW+I~rnk fnj@appk/

14EJkrApm~inovkr

Ja xnprervnobea fn jkr k`lnvkrJkr k`lnvkr venono ~oa r~npvn afwnpra no jkr venixkr $xkr%ikfnpokr/ Jak`rkjnrbnobea a pnwea r~r bebjkr ~vejnr u w~jonpa ja ok`jn|a fn r~r iavnpeajnr/Bapjkr Ajinefa pnbkmn jkr njninovkr aàofkoafkr* jkr fnrnbdkr* fnrxklkr ugpaminovkr fn ~oa be we je| abeko q~n xpnbera fnrnbdap u pnxk onpbkix~jrewainovn r~r ènonr fn ~rk u fnbpnva xap nrk ja eo~vejefaf bkoveo~afn bafa ikfnjn xpkf~befk/ Bko nrkr vpk|kr aix~vafkr* nj apverva vpava fnpnxapap ja eompavev~f ikfnpo a dabea r~r xpkxekr ~vnoreLekr q~n* gnvebde|afkr*a~pave|afkr* pnr~jvao xpkovk pnref~nr fnrnbda jnr/Ajinefa `~rba pnbajbap q~n nj `pebkjamn bkorvev~un ~oa ferxkrebeko xkre jnnovpn ~o o~ponpk eogeoevn fn ajvnpoavewar bkièoavkpear/ Xap nrk ok ~raxnmainovkr< jar xen|ar nrvao avkpoejjafar bao xnq~nGekr xnpokr* v~npbar upniabdnr< xkfpgao rnp fnrapiafar u pnapiafar no kvpk ikovaln uafq~epep*novkobnr* kvpk wajkp u kvpk rnovefk/ Jar gem~par fn dkpiemar bkorvp~efar baowapejjar fn xapam~ar u r~obdkr fn npoàjaln* pnb~npfao ja ebkokmpagea fnjbeon fn m~nppar eovnpmajabvebar* xnq~nGekr pk`kvr xapkfeafkr no r~r eix~jrnra~vkpoavebkr* fe`~lkr aoeiafkr w~njvkr bjernr infeavebkr* nrq~nLnvkrfefabvebkrapiafkr no a`rvpabvkr i~rnkr fn benobear oav~pajnr/Jkr `pebkjamnr fn Ajinefa xapvno fn xpeobexekr g~ofabekoajnr fnj r~nokpokfnpok q~n rabpaje|a ja poaq~eoa* ja pabekoajefaf fnj bajb~jk q~n ja eownovau ja xpkf~bvewefaf fn R J 3 pnofeienovk/ Xnpk nornm~efa inova ja w~jonpa ejefaffnj ierpok xpkunbvk no ~oa fk`jn fepnbbeko fn rnovefkr fegnpnovnr/ Xkp ~ojafk/ jkr k lnvkr eo~vejnr rko pnapveb~jafkr no ~o o~nwk kpfno q~n vparbenofnja 17meba fn ja baf~bebjaf u ja pabekoajefaf fnj `nongebea3 U E aj dabnpjk*pnwnjao ja xapafkla fn ~o rervnia q~n xpnbera abnjnpap nj amkvaienovk fn r~rxpkxekr xpkf~bvkr u xpkpo~nwn ja g~mabebjaf fn r~r g~obekonr/ Xkp kvpk jafn*jar dkpiemar q~n axapnbno g~ma|inovn a arkiao axnoar no xapvnr ferveovarfn jar rajar fn ntxkrebeko* bkorvev~wno ponvagkpar fn ainoa|ar aièm~ar*xpnramekr fn ja eornm~pefaf fn jar eorvev~bekonr fnj apvn* fn jar bkorvp~bbekonr*fnj rervnia novnpk q~n eob~à no r~ eovnpekp ja bkoveomnobea< ja eobnpvef~i`pnbaxa| fn rkbawap ja kioexkvnobea fnj mpao xpkunbvk ikfnpok/ V/N/


19/38

BAPJK R @EVV APFn ga Rnpen Geo fn \koa ^pàoaGkvkmpagga no @jaobk u Onmpk1557 ) 0888Xpkxenfaf fnj apverva

Oabe7 no Ar~obe7ono 1571/ Nrv~feaApq~evnbv~pa no jaôewnprefafBavkjeba fnAr~obe7o u FerngekBpavebk no njjorv< v~vk fn MpagebaX~`jebevapea fnGjkpnobea*jvajea/Pnaje|a b~prkr fngkvkmpagga no njEovnpoavekoaj Bnovnpkg Xdkvkmpaxdu fnO~nwa Ukpc/Xapvebexa fnntxkrebpkonrbkjnbvewar fnrfn154= u fnrfn 1544pnaj e|a i~nrvpareofewef~ajnr/ No155> pnbe`n njXpeinp Xpniek fnGkvkmpagga Iapvnj unj Vnpbnp XpnieaLabeovk Pewnpk njj njaoa 08i/ No 0880rn x~`jeba nj E e`pk ^jveia nrvabekobko nj axkuk fnjGKOFNB/

15+1krApm~inovkr

NLwkjk ntvpaweafkQ~e|a ~oa fn jar pa|konr fnj ntevk q~n da a1bao|afk abv~ajinovn ja eiamnogkvkmpageba no nj aièvk fn jar apvnr wer~ajnr rn fnà a r~ pnbkokbefk bapabvnpeofebeaj< r~ xkreèjefaf fn avnrvem~ap ja ntervnobea fn ~oa pnajefaf $xkp da`nprefk pk|afa u poapbafa xkp ~o ikinova r~uk% ja w~njwn vnrvemk fn ~oantvnpekpefaf eppng~va`jn/ Ja xpnkb~xabeko bkovnixkpaona xap wnpegebap jafnorefaf fn ~o i~ofk noiarbapafk xkp nrxnrar baxar fn remoegebabekovnbokjkme|afa xpki~nwn ok rkjk nj pnvkpok fn 18 pnaj $Gkrvnp% reok* a~o* njnixja|aienovk dnbdn aj pngnpnovn* b~ua xpnrnobea nr pnq~npefa bkik xp~nàfn ~oa ntervnobea eobenpva u onbnrapea/Xkp nrk* ja gkvkmpagga q~n iar eovnpnra dku ok rn àra vaovk no ja ntbnjnobeafn r~r xpkbnfeienovkr gkpiajnr oe no ja x~pn|a fn r~ xpkxek aièvk reok nor~r xkreèjefafnr fn rkofnap 18 pnaj ntvpaweafk/ No mpao xapvn* ja `~noa vnbpeebagkvkmpIeba da refk bkxafa xkp ja adao|a fn ja xkjgveba u nj inpbafk/ Aom~jkrntabvkr* bkixkrebeko e ixnba`jn* ngnbvkr fn e ovnorefaf okva`jnr* `njjn|a uvnboeba pnaje|afa x~nfno rnp nobkovpafkr no ie jnr fn ntbnjnovnr gkvkmpaggarx~`jebevapear* no epoamnonr fn Oavekoaj Mnkmpaxdeb 8BOO uno jkr ao~obekrfn @nonvvko* bkik no jkr fn b~a jq~ enp kvpa npoxpnra vpaoroabekoaj ungebenovn/Rn vpava* x~nr* fn kvpa bkra/ U nrva ntxkrebeko pnr~jva ej~rvpavewa fn ~o mnrvkq~n nj~fn ja ni xpnra x~`jeb evape a/ @ evvap Xnpeonvve g~n bkovpavafk bkikgkvkmpagk kgebeaj xkp ja Ajeao|a xapa pnmervpap arxnbvkr fn ja baixapea xkjgvebapnaje|afa fn bapa a jar njnbbekonr fn 155@/ Xnpk* xkp fnvpar fn jkr a`pa|krgkp|afkr* jar xkrnr gelar* jkr raj~bjkr nrvnpnkvexafkr* xpkxekr fn b~ajq~enpbaofefav~pa abv~aj* nj gkvkmpagk wea kvpar bkrar q~n* bkik no ngnbvk `gk} ~x*axapnbgao no jar eiamnonr pnwnjaofk $Eevnpajinovn% bkogjebvkr* pnbda|kr*bkoveomnobear ok afievefar no nj ferb~prk fnj iapcnveom/ Arg* rn i~nrvpaoxarabajjnr bko nrbpevkr eol~pekrkr* bko r~mnpnobear fn ajeao|ar bajjafar* bkownpfafnr ~èbafar g~npa fnj nob~abjpn bkovpavafk/ U axapnbno xnprkoalnr q~noafa venono q~n wnp bko jkr m~ekonr fn ja baofefav~pa< dki`pnr u i~lnpnrq~n vpaorevao jar kpejjar fn ja be~faf u q~n >718 rko iepafkr no bjawn fn wkjaf~paovn jkr venixkr njnbvkpajnr/K`weainovn @evvap Xnpeonvve g~n fnrxnfefk fn r~ bapmk/ Bkinvek nj nppkp fniepap nj fnvpar nj bkrvafk/ Fn novnofnp q~n* aj iapmno fn 18 nogkba`jnntervn ~oa rev~abeko pnaj q~n fn`n rnp bkorefnpafa< q~n iar ajea 8 iar affn ja nrbnokmpagga bkogem~pafa no gkpiavk x~`jebevapek* bepb~jao dervkpeare ovnorar u xpkà`jnr gpabarkr* wefar bkvef eaoar q~n vpaorb~ppno maon q~ enomaon/ Rko jar pnrnpwar bko q~n b~novao jkr eiameoapekr amkèafkr/ NE eofebek$nj kjkp* ja rki`pa 8nj rkoebjk fn jkr xarkr% fn q~enonr ok axapnbnpao lapoarno jkr agebdnr njnbvkpajnr/ V/N/


20/38

BAPJKRBKJKI@EOKReo VEv~jkTejkxeov~pa0880Xpkxenfaf fnj apverva

Oabn noBkobnxbeko no152=/ Pnaje|anrp~fekr fnapq~evnBj~pa no jaGab~jvaf fnApq~ejnbv~pa fn jaôewnprefafOabekoaj fnAr~/ebeko u nr v~fekrfn apvn no Iafpef wXaper/ Da pnbe efkwapekr xpniekr novpnjkr b~ajnr rnnob~novpao njXpniek fn Xeov~pano ja po~nrvpa ApvnAbv~aj fn Ainpeba uNrx aoa no 15o*Mpao Xpniek fn ja@enoaj fn Q~evk no1574*Rnm~ofkXpniek no ja @enoajEovnpoabekoaj fn jaXeov~pa no B~nobano 154=* XpniekEovnpoabekoaj fnjMpaàfk no RaoL~ao fn X~npvk Pebkno 155>* XpnieaIef)Ainpeba* ApvrAjj eaobn no 155>)1557* novpn kvpkr*R~ k`pa rnnob~novpapnxpnrnovafa noi~rnkr ubkjnbbekonreovnpoabekoajnr

0sj+jkrApm~inovkr

Ja nkppenovn fn pn`njfga u bpvveba q~n ajeinova ja k`pa fn Bkjkièok nr vaoba~fajkra q~n rn nkowenpvn no bjawn g~ofainovaj xapa bkixpnofnp ~oaeiamno jEnoa fn nbkr u pnrkoaobear u napmafa fn bjawnr fnorar* fn ienfkrkrb~pkr u aovem~kr r~ngekr< nj pnbda|k fn ja kxpnre7o* ja fno~onea fn jaeol~rvenea* ja ntxpnre7o fnj fnrbkobenpvk aovn ~oa wekjnobea a`r~pfa q~n bpnbna bkovpaiaok fn jkr fnpnbdkr u jkr xpkunbvkr d~iaokr/Ja bkonte7o fn nrva k`pa BKej bkovnoefkr pnajnr* wevajnr* `p~vajnr* pnafq~enpndku ~oa nrxnbeaj wemnobea no ~o venixk xpnkb~xafk xkp pnb~xnpap nj nrxnrkpfn 18 pnaj u nj xnrk fn 18 xkjevebk)rkbeaj xap nobeia fn jar pa|konr fn jagkpia/Nrvak pa pnbenovn pnr~jva xapafemiaveba no nrvn rnovefk/ Nonjja* Bkjkièokvpaoreva bko je npvaf jar xkre ejefafnr q~n xpnrnova ja iafnpa* a pn jantxpnre7ou xnpievn nj bkobnxvk* i~bdk iar ajea fnj ajbaobn fn 18 nrvnvebk/ Nrq~n*abkppajafa novpn jkr apm~inovkr fnj ferb~prk u jar xpnrekonr fn ja dervkpea* jagkpia rn fnrxkla darva nj jgpoevn* jkmpa ej~poeoap* xkp ~o eorvaovn* r~ fnro~fn|poavnpoaveba u rnfnrmappa j~nmk u jabnpa r~rbaponr wnmnvajnr no ~o ikweienovkgnpa| q~n app~eoa vkfkr jkr bajb~jkr*Adkpa ja Gem~pa d~iaoa rn da ajnlafk ~oa wn| iar* u ~oa wn| iar* jar ga~bnreorabea`jnr fnj nrq~nia rn a`pno* ntx~!rao jar xkvnobear pnw~njvar fn r~rg~pear u aponoa|ao bao bnppaprn ra pn jkr pnrvkrfn ~oa dervkpea q~n paovafa/Bkik arxepaà Mkua* pnwnjap njjafk krb~pk fn bafa venixk x~nfn bkorvev~epok >718~o mnrvk fn nnor~pa reok ~o awerk< ~o jaobn xpkxebeavkpek q~n `~rq~npnwnpvep 18pnwnjafk/ V/N/


21/38

BJA^FEABARAPEOK

Oabn no Ar~)ebekonjj 15=6/ Njj 1557eompnra ajjorvev~vkR~xnpekp fn Apvn/Xkrvnpekpponovnpnaj e|a b~prnr no jaRbdkkj kg Wer~aj Apvno ja be~faf fnO~nwa Ukpc/Xapvebexa njj wa p ea rntxkrebekonrbkjnbvewar no nj xaeruno nj ntvnpekpFnrfn 1555 ntxkoneofewef~aj inovn/Njj nrn ierpok apekpnbe`n nj Xpniek fnja G~ofabe7o "XnfpkAm~npk"/

01+vkrApm~ponovkr

Reo VEv~jkBaiera* dejkr u wnovejafkp/0881Xpkxenfaf fn ja apverva

Ja `aofnpa1/ ^o wnovejafkp i~nwn ~oa baiera/ Ar! fn reixjn*0/ Jkr aepnr q~n appkla nj axapavk amevao* bperxao* nojkq~nbno ja pkxa apoappafa*gjainaovn3 En appaobao rki`par q~n* je`npafar fnj k`lnvk q~n jar ba~ra*iaobdao a r~ aovklk ja xapnf eownovaofk gkpiar baxpebdkrar u mnrvkreixkre jnr* vapoagekr fnragkpafkr/ Invagkpa fnj ajenovk wevaj* nj eix~jrk q~naoeia u pokweje|a* nj fnrnk q~n nix~la u fngkpia fnrfn jar rki`par* jawnov~pa xnpwnpra fn ja bawnpoa xjav7oeba3 ja eixkre`jn vapna fn japnxpnrnovabeko* q~j|a/ $Nrvkua ok nr vao reixjn%/2/ Ja baiera nr invkoeiea fn 18 d~iaok* r~ eofebek* r~ parvpk< bkik 18 rnpgaja xenj re x~fenpa rnpappaobafa $bkik 1 8 nr ja rkpo`pa* eiamno eogenj u fnwkva%*Xnpk* vai eko* ja baiera nr k lnvk gnvebde|afk* Gem~pafn nrbaxapavn* j~map fneorbpexbeko fn nveq~nvar bkinpbeajnr/ B~aofk wnikr ~oa baiera* ua ok wnpokrno r~ eiamno aj dki`pn 8 ja i~lnp q~n ja ~rapga* oe req~enpa wnppekr jaeof~inovapea q~n appkxa 8 nomajaoa< wnikr ja xpnofa kgpnbefa no bjawn fnbkor~ik< ja iapba/ Ja bapp~ra wa ok nr begpa fn 18 d~iaok* oe k`lnvk r~wk< nrremok)inpbaobga eix~jrafkjnrvepkonafk xkp wenovkr fervaovnr/6/ Xperekonpa fn ja poaq~eoa* ja baiera veni`ja* rn rab~fn W vnpieoa xkpfk`jnmaprn< rkjk r~ rki`pa rn da niaobexafk/ $NE vpe~ogk fnj rei~jabpk%/>/ Ja baiera `jaoba u wafa inova ~ 1 1 uk fnro~fk3 r~ rki`pa krb~pa pnpoevnaj kvpk* eixajxa jn* V/N/


22/38

"NOMNJ@NPVKMEINON\Iapa ik-k ià+npn ià~xn ) Bko q~n k`lnvk;Xkrvnr* bkrv~par u vntve jnr1556Bkjnbbe7o xapveb~ jap/

Oabe7 no Wejjapebano 1 5>=/ Nmpnrafkfn ja Nrb~nja fn@njjar Apvnr* VajjnpAo|kavnm/ee* fnIkovnwefnk/Pnaje|nntxkrjbjkonreofewef~ajnr uxapvebex7 nopo~nrvpar bkjnbvewarfnrbjn 154=/ Nlnpbekja fkbnobea no jaNrb~nja fn @njjarApvnr no Ar~obe7o Z-no nj BnovpkXapam~awk)Eaxkonr/Gajjnbe7 noIkovnwefnk no njapek 1554/

00+JkrApm~inovk>

MjkrapekNomnj`npvk vpaàl7 nj jeievn -fn 1 8 bkvefeaok< jar vkpiar fnj da`ja bkpo~o* njfnrveok fn jkr axapnlkr feapekr/ NE jnom~aln xkx~jap ~pfefk bko xaja`par ubkobnxvkr xpkwnoenovnr fnj m~apaoe* jkr ~vnorejekr kpfeoapekr rkàfkr xkp njvpaàYk* $pn%iapbafkr xkp nj rnovefk fn q~ndabnpnr pnokwafkr no nj bki xarfn r~r ~rkr vpafebekoajnr/ NE jnom~aln ab~Gea r~r rnGeajnrrk pn jar bkrar* jarajvnpa/ NE efekia derxaok)m~apaog 1 8 dabn fn iaonpa xpkxea* pnrva~paofk*pnrvaofk 8apeafenofk rnovefk infeaovn jkb~bekonr nrb~nvar fnj fnbep jkbaj 8jar i~nrbar eovnorar fn mjkrapekr eownovafkr/Nrvaeorvajabe7o r~wa rn bkixkon fn renvn iafnpkr p~rvebkr axkwafkr bkovpa~oa xapnf u ferx~nrvkr no rnpen/ Rko xarvnr ~ve Ee|afkr xapa ajai pap vnppnokrp~pajnr* rni`pafekr 8 xarv~par q~n xpnberao rnp pnrm~apfafkr/ No bafa ~okfn nrkrvpkobkr* q~n xap ~o eorvaovn r~menpno x~ovajnr q~n rkrvenono ja xapnf*nj apverva da aènpvk ~o d~nbk no b~uk eovnpekp rnbkèla ~o inoraln po~fk fnvpaxkr app~mafkr/ Ja xnq~npea dkpoabeoa nr bnppafa bko ~o novpnvnlefk fnvpaia u ~pfei pn bkrefk a ja iafnpa* bkik ~oa dnpefa xpkvnmefa* ~oa xpnm~ovanrnobeaj m~apfafa< jkr iklkonr fn kvpk fnppkvnpk q~n q~e|a repwa xapa xpnrnpwapnj x~jrk Eovepok fnj jnom~aln r~rvpawnofkjk a ja ainoa|a fn nrn fnrmarvnabnpna fnj b~aj Dnefnmmnp afwenpvn vaovk/Adkpa ok xkfnikr fnrbegpap nj rnovefk fn nrvn pnbafk dnpponvebk* a rajwk fnjkbark fn jar xaja`par/ V/N/


23/38

GAVEIAIAPVEOEDaiabarGkvkmpaggar1556Bkjnbbe7o Bnovpk fn Apvnr Wer~ajnr+I~rnk fnj @appk

Oabek no Ar~obekono 15>5/ Pnaje|nnrv~fekr~oewnpr/vapekr fnD ervkpea no jaôewnprebafOabekoaj fnAr~obe7o u fnAovpkxkjkmva Rkbeajno ja Nrb~njaOabekoaj fnAovpkxkjkmpa nDervkpea no Intebk*F/G/ Nrv~fepj apvnrwer~ajnr noAr~obeko* IntebkF/G- u Raoveamk fnBdejn/ Fnrfn 1558rn fnfeba a 1 4fkbnobea/ Xapvebexano ntxkrebekonrbkjnbvewar no njXapam~au u no njntvnpekp fnrfn 154=$Bnovpk fn ApvnPneoa Rkgea*Iafpef%/ Vao)ènpda pnaje|afk wapearntxkrebekonreofewef~ajnr/ R~k`pa rn nob~novpapnxpnrnovafa no njBAW + I~rnk fnj@appk/

02+JkrApm~inovkr

DaiabaXapa nj eofgmnoa* ja dapoaba nr ~vnorejek eoferxnora`jn/ Nrrkrvno xpeinpk fnjr~nok/ fnj aikp u fn ja po~npvn* j~map xpewejnmeafk fn ja pnwnjabe7o fnj rdaiao*pokpafa xjnma`jn q~n abkixaoa nj japmk aofap fn 18>ba|afkpnr u jarpnbkjnbvkpar/ Xapabkognbbekoapja* Gaveia ok pnb~ppn a ge par fn ajmkf7o 8fnbapam~ava reok a jkr infekr q~n En xpkwnn r~ xpkxea b~jv~pa3 ~ra vepar fngkvkmpaggar afdnpe far novpn rg q~ n bkogkpi ao ~o eve onpapek bkiàfk uxnof~jaovn< nj fnppkvnpk apq~nafk fn jar daiabar/ Xnpkvaièno javpaunbvkpeagjnte`jn fn jkr gejir< r~rxnofefa novpn ai`kr ntvpninr r~ukr* ja jaom~efaàofa pnb~npfa ~oa beova krb~pa a rnp pnwnj afa8~oa rnb~nobea fn epoamnonrgelar b~ua xpkunbbe7o xpkwkbapa nj ferb~ppep fn ~o venixk eownovafk/Gaveia ~veje|a vkvkr fn Afkjgk Gpenfpebd* gkv7mpagk ajniao q~n vpaàlapa no njBdabk f~paovn ja fnbafa fn jkr agekr vpneovar/ Rko xen|ar wajekrar* vaovk fnrfnnj x~ovk fn werva nvokmpagebk bkik nrvnvebk/ Xnpk jar ~oefafnr q~n jera jaapverva bkppnrxkofno a pnxpkf~bbekonr dnbdar xapa vaplnvar xkrvajnr< wnprekonràoaj e|afar* rnpeafar* xpnxapafar xapa ja iepafa ntkverva/ Ja pnevnpabe7o fneiamnonr reiejapnr a 18japmk fn ~o pnbkppefk kof~jaovn xpki~nwn* xap jeojafk* ja efna fnj eobjeoafk vpaunbvk fn ja daiaba 8nj ge 1i/Xkp kvpk* r~menpn njrervnia fn pnxnvebekonr pgviebar ~rafar xkp jar i~lnpnr eofgmnoar $q~naxapnbno pnxpnrnovafar no jargkvkmpaggar% xapa m~aponbnp jar japmargalar vnlefarno jaoa jar xpkxear daiabar fn ge par wnmnvajnr/ U xnpievr pngjntekoap rk`pnnj wajkp fn 18 fnbkpavewk no jar b~jv~par nvoebar/ NEkpoainovk ok remoegena ajee~o pnb~prk r~xnpgebeaj3 bkogem~pa ~o f erb~prk/ Ao eiafa xkp rejnobekr u vpaàfaxkp bkixarnr u bafnobear* jnwnponovn fnrxja|afa fn xpkovk* ja pnxnvebe7o fnjkr xafpkonr vpeàjnr fnwenon rnb~nobea remoeba* xnovampaia* nrbpev~pa< ~ojnom~aln q~n inova* begpafk* jar kxkrebekonr u reponvp ear* jar p~xv~par*nq~eje`pekr u bkogjebvkr q~n eoq~envao Lanrbnoa fn ja oav~pajn|a u iapbao njwaewno krbejaovn fn jkr rji`kjkr/ V/N/ $gpaminovk%


24/38

GNJEBEAOKBNOV^PEKO

Oabn no 1570 noRao Emoabek*Xapam~au/ Rn pafebano Apmnoveoa no15=6/ No 1544nmpnra fn ja Nrb~njafn @nj jar ApvnrIao~nj @njmpaok/No nrn agek pnaee|ar~ xpeponpa pp ~nrvpaeofewef~aj/ Daxapvebexafk nofewnprar i~nrvpareovnpoabekoajnr ur~r k par eovnmpaobkjnbbekonrxpewafar fnXapam~au*Apmnoveoa* @parej*NN^^ u R~e|a G~nxpkgnrkp fn xeov~pano ja Nrb~nja X/X~nuppnf7o u no jaNrb~nja fn @njjarApEnr N/ fn jaBapbkwa/ Gajjnbn no1557* no ja be~faffn @~nokr Aepnr/ R~k`pa nrvapnxpnrnovafa no njBAU + I~rnk fnj@appk/

06+JkrApm~inovkr

Lapfeo lnxkonr + Rku ajia no xnoa +Rnpjn Gjkpnr fnj iaj fn aikpVpnr k par `kpfafar rk`pn gpa|afarJ~| feweoa fnj ajia + Pnxkra+ RkjnfafVpnr k par `kpfafar rk`pn ajikdafarIer m+7`~jkr palar a~inovao ///+ Rku njwenpevk q~n o~oba i~npnFkr k par `kpfafkr ra`pn gpa|afarIer bnj~jnr rn gkpvajnbno* nj nikp nr nj~oebk `Ljraik@kpfafk rk`pn gpa|afa155> )1557Xpkxenfaf fn ja gaiejea fnj apverva/

Jkr rkxkpvnr q~n vpaàla Gnjebeaok oki`pao* no xpeinp j~map* ga b~nrve7o q~nnogpnova 1 8 apvnraoaj u 1 8 rnpeafk/ NE xpk`jnia fnj a~pa* nj vnia fn 1 8pnxpkf~be`jn u fn 1 8 ~oebk/ fn 1 8 bpnavewk u 1 8 vnboebk< ar~ovkr q~n k`rnrekoaoa ~oa b~jv~pa arnfeafa xkp nj fnr`kpfn fn nrvnpnkvexkr u fn ikjfnr*xpnkb~xafa no rnbpnva xkp nj fnrveon fn ja iavnpea njninovaj u nj dabnpxpeinpk/ NE apverva xpki~nwn ~o fnàvn novpn jkr ferngekr fn ga`peba fn jargpa|afar* jar bapxnvar u jkr mk`njeokr u jar eovnpwnobekonr q~n n! ierik mnonpaa vpawnr fn xeov~par abpvjebar* axjebabekonr u `kpfafkr //AE nogpnovaprn ~oa ukvpa* ja iao~ajefaf iar fepnbva u ja gabv~pa eof~rvpeaj Ee`npao ~oa bkorvnjabe7ofn remoegebafkr ferxnprkr q~n eowkj~bpao nj xpk`jnia fn ja `~noarnore ejefaf u 1 8 iarewk* fn ja bajefaf fnj iavnpea! u nj wajkp fn Ek inpainovnkpoainovaj/Xap kvpa xapvn* ja xpnrnobea fn jar iao~ajefafnr jemafar aj po~ofk bkvefeaokgninoeok n efnovegebafar bko jar fnrvpn|ar inokpnr u jar nrvnvebar fn rnm~ofa$xknvebar fnj `kpfafk u ja bkrv~pa* wajkpabe7o fn jkr agaonr dabnofkrkr*okrvajmea fn ~o i~ofk fn xnq~ngekr ra`npnr xnpfefkr%/ rn nogpnova bao njxpnrvemek fn jar mpaofnr gkpiar fnj apvn/ Ar!* jar xnq~ngear bapxnvar `kpfafarfn Gnjebeaok vpaàlao 1 8 b~pre u 1 8 vpeweaj darva ~o ntvpnia pafebaj/ Jkr vpk|krfn nobaln u mk`njeok rko `kpfafkr iao~ajinovn bko jnunofar `pnwnr q~nda`jao fn aikpr efnajnr* fn ienfk a ja rkjnfaf* fn fnrxnfefa gavaj unrxnpao|axkpgeafa/ Rko bkol~pkr oeiekr* j~mapnr bkpo~onr pndaèjevafkr xap ja wnpfaffn ~oa rev~abe7o q~n jkr vkpoa we`paovnr u ntvpnikr* bepb~orxnbvkr bare/Darva nj geoaj* Gnjebeaok ok xenpfn nj geja fnj d~ikp oe aàofkoa nj l~nmkxap7f enk bko nj jnom~aln xnpk r~ `~rq~nfa fnj pnwnr fn ~o agkperik marvafk!k Ejnwa a novpnwnp nj fnvpar fn jkr bjernr u r~mnpep ja wnoa fpapoaveba q~naoeia nj remoa iar xnq~ngek b~aofk nrvn nr mpevafk bko g~np|a mno~eoa/NE apverva da najjafk adkpa/ Okr q~nfao jar bjawnr eoq~envaovnr fn r~ i~ofkfn epoamnonr bkvefeaoar q~n* fnrfn nj remoa ino~fk u nj kpoainovk waok*bkol~pao* wemejaovnr ja i~npvn u m~apfao r~ rnbpnva pninofafk/ V/ N/$gpaminovk%


25/38

/)GNJETVKPAO\KRR~neekr PkàfkrIafnpa* jeno|k* pnjjnok u javnt0880Xpkxenfaf fnj apverva

Oabn no Ar~obekono 1570/ Nr apvervax ja r v v b k * apq~evnbvku fernXeafkp mpagebk/Pnaje|n nrv~fekr noja Nrb~nja fn @njjarApvnr u no 12gab~jvaf fnApq~evnbv~pa fn jaôewnprefafOabekoaj fnAr~obeko/ Febvabjarnr no nj Bnovpkfn Apvnr Wer~ajnr/Ntxkon bkjnbvewa neofewef~ajinovnfnrfn 15=5/ No1554 pnbe`n njXpniek fn jaG~ofabeko XnfpkAm~npk/ R~ k panrva pnxpnrnovafa nonj BAW + I~rnk fnj@appa uno jabkjnbbe7o fnjI~rnk fn Apjn fnj ar A p o np /b a r fn jaKNA noZOardeomvko/gnj etvkpHdemd}aj/bki/xu

0 r A k : 3 A / / ) m ~inovk >

Benpvkr bkovnoefkr nrxnrkr q~n a wnbnr bkowkba ja k`pa fn Gnjet Vkpao/|krrnxpnrnovao no ~oa nrbnoa pnmefa fn poaonpa nrvpebva xkp nj kpfno fn ja gkpia*Xnpk* a~o wemkpkra no r~ aofaiealn* xpnrekoafa xkpea bapma fn fnnepnr vaonrxnrkr*nrva k pa rnpnrvpe omn novkobnr darva r~ ntxpnreko njninovaj* pnf~bnr~ nrvp~bv~pa a 18 nrnobeaj u fnrni`kba no epoamnonr poeoepoajervar/ Nrvafepnbbeko bkorvev~un reo f~fa ~ok fn jkr pnb~prkr fnj apvn bkovnpoxkpaonkxapa `~rbap nj rejnonek fn r~rferb~prkr no nj bnovpk fn ~oa nrbnoa fnragkpafa/Ja jnwnfaf x~nfn bkorvev~ ep ~oa vabveba fn pnrervnobea aovn ja rav~pabeko fnja eiamno mjkàj< n! jabkoerik pnr~noa ponlkp q~n nj ajapefkno ~oa nrbnoanrvpefnovn u babkgkoeba/ Xnpk nj poeoeiajerpok vapoèno annpna apm~ponovkreovnpnraovnr a Ea dkpa fn fnrageap nj wenlk kpfno q~n bjaregeba jar apvnr nomnonpkr n eorvev~un lnpapq~gar u oewnjnr fn defajm~ea/ Jkrk lnvkr nrxnbggebkr ujar eorvajabekonr no nrxabekr fnvnpieoafkr novpnbp~|ao infekr aj kpkvaofkjkr barejjnpkr ej~rvpafkr u bkowepvenobjk ja xeov~pa no k`lnvk u nj k`lnvk nonrb~jv~pa no xpkbnfeienovkr nrbnokmpagebkr aièm~kr q~n ajm~okr bpevebkrbjaregebao bkik "eon~pa jninovn vnavpajnr" $Gpenf%*No nrva k`pa* rei~jvaonaponovn nrb~nva n e ovnora/ Vkpao|kr vpaàla ~o reveknrxnbegebk< ~oa rajenovn abbefnovaj bkogkpiafa xkp ja apq~evnbv~pa fn ja raja/Nopoapba ofkjar no nrn b~afpk pnbvaom~ jap $fnrvabafk nj no r~ `jaob~ papnbkpvafa% ferxkon rnpeafa* mnkponvpebaponovn* a j pokdafar `jaobar q~neovnpxpnvao r~r xpkxear pnxpnrnovabekonr< ajpokdafar q~n pnxpnrnovaoajikdafar* xnpk q~n a! dabnpjk no ~oa nrbnoa vparvkpoafa bkog~ofno r~rxaxnjnr u vparvkbao njje`pnvk fnj fpaia/ Adapa* nj rkrvno fnj r~ngek pnwnja r~gkofa okbv~pok bapmafk fn xpnramekr amkpnpkr/ jfnovebar a re poeriar*axjarvafar no b~aovk rjpo`kjkr* jar ajikdafar rn a`~jvao no b~aovk k lnvkrpnajnr* U fnrk`nfenovnr* are* aj bkovpkj fnj remoa* ok x~nfno inokr q~noki pap Sa i~npvn/ @pnwnponovn/ Xap nrk* RJ E ferxkrebeko vnpieoa pnbkpfaofk1*1jkmeba fn ~o gebdnpk fnrbki~oaj* nrvnpeje|abjk u aokoepok* q~e|a wabek*fnrxklafa fn vkfk bkjkp* bare fn vkfa gkpia< xap ~o eorvaovr pnb~npfa njkpfno rnjjafk fn ~o bkj~iàpek/ V/N/


26/38

GPNFEBARBKXnrn`pn $wefnovn%Epoamnonr xkj enpkiafar fn unrk* n~`kr fniafnpa* v~`kr fn onko* ikoevkp fn VW*pnxpkf~bvkp u beova fn wefnk/0888Xpkxenfaf fnj apvervaXnrn`pn +Ejpoamnonr xkjebpkiafar fn unrk* b~`kr fniafnpa* v~`kr fn onko/0880Xpkxenfaf fnj apverva

Oabn no Ar~obe7ono 157=/ No 1550nmpnra fn jaGab~j vaf fnFnpnbdk $ÔA% bkonj vev~jk fna`kmafk/ Novpn155= u 1555* arervnajxr b~prkr fn"Dervkpea fnj AE1n uja Jevnpav~pa" u"Vajjnp fn XpkunbvkrAppgrvebkr" fnjBnovpk fn Nrv~fekr@parejngekr/ Xapvebexano po~nr v parbkjnbvewar neofewebj~ajnr* vaovkno nj xapr bkik nonj ntvpaolnpk/ Dapnbe efk ~oaInobe7o fnj L~pafk"Xpnpoek Nrvei~jkXeov~pa lkwno"$APVN RA 0888%* njRnm~ofk Xpniek"Dnope Iaverrn"$0881% u Inobe7ofnj L~pafk fnj"Xpnpoek LabeovkPewnpk" $088-1%/ R~k`pa nrvapnxpnrnovafa no njBAU + I~rnk fnj@appk/e pnfEbarbkfpdkv i ae j /bki

07+JkrApm~ponovkr

Pn)oabeienovkrJa k`pa fn Gpnfe Barbk nogpnova ja xapafkla fn ja pnxpnrnovabeko abv~ajxapvenofk renixpn fn rev~abekonr u bkovntvkr jkbajnr/ Iepa r~novkpok u pnmervpaja xpnrvefemevane7o q~n kn~ppn no nj no b~aovk vparx~nrvk a ja nrbnoabkovnpoxkpaona< nj vp~bk q~n fnrxja|a nj k lnvk* 1 8 nrbaikvna u 1 8 fnbkieraxkp ~oa eiamno* a r~ wn| eoba~vabja/ Jkr xnrn`pnr rko ikovalnr pnjemekrk)xkx~japnr vpafebekoajnr3 no venixkr fn Oawefaf* pnxpnrnovao nj oabeienovkfnj Oegek)Fekr no ~o bk`npve|k dnbdk fn gpkofar fn ba-awkwn-e uafkpoabjkbko gp~var fn nrvabe7o u gjkpnr* nobnobeefkr fn bapam~ava u gpamaovnr fn gjkp fnbkbk/Gpnfe eorvaja fkr wnprekonr fnj xnrn`pn/ No ja xpeinpa* axapnbn ja gaiejeafnrbkovntv~aje|afa u rkjevapea/ Jar eiamnpenr fnj Rao Lkrn u ja Wepmnobkppnrxkofno a bkxear fn ikfnjkr n~pkxnkr fn rnm~ofa iaok3 rkopnxpnrnovabekonr fn xnprkoalnr r~rvev~efkr xkp kvpar pnxpnrnovabekonr< jarxpkwervar xkp xapafempoar kbbefnovajnr q~n* k`rkjnvar* q~e|a ua ok ntervaoadkpa u dao refk*fnrxja|afar xkp kvpkr nlnpoxjapnr/ NErei~jabpk inova nrvaeoabaà`jn bafnoa fn r~rvev~bekonr< jar gem~par fn àppn rko remokr reopngnpnovn< bajbnr fn ~o kpemeoaj q~n ok ntervn ua* q~n q~e|a o~oba dauantervefk bkik 1 8 okpo`pa r~ epoamno< ~o g ao v a r poa / Ja pnxpnrnovabeko fnjOeok nr a~o iar xpk`jnpoaveba< rn nob~novpa ok ponfeafk reok inbjeave|afk*wkjaveje|afk/ Xnpk* fnrfn r~ rnpwepv~aj )vni`jkpkrk xkp ja xpkunbbe7o* rnxapafku gejvpafk* u rk`pnej~ieoafk xkp ja xaovajja) q~e|a bkorvev~ua nj xnprkoalniar "pnaj" no pnmervpk fn wnpfaf bkvefeaoa/ Xpnrekoafk xkp ~o xpnrnovn q~nainoa|a ferkjwnp r~ kpemeoapea bkorvev~beko fn àppn xpn)eof~rvpeaje|afk* rnrajwa ~omefk xap ja j~| njnbvp7oeba* pn)a~pave|afk/NExark xkp 1 8 wepv~aj venon r~r bkornb~nobear/ Nonj rnm~ofk xnrn`pn* nj Oeokda pnmpnrafk a ja feinoreko "pnaj" xnpk* aj dannpjk* bafa ~ok fn jkr ininovkrfnj l~nmk fn ja pnxpnrnovabeko $nj wepv~aj unj pnaj* q~n no x~pefaf ok nr vaj*x~nr bkppnrxkofn a ~oa Gem~pa fn unrk%* rn da nobapoafk no ~o xnprkoalnferveovk/ Nrvnfnrfk jaienovk fn ja eiamno fnrxja|a jaGem~pa fnj xafpn no ~omnrvk bapmafk fn bkookvabekonr rebkaoajevebar $ja beva nfexeba%* rkbekj7mebar$ja Gem~pa fn ja iafpn rkjvnpa% u aovpkxkj7mebar $nj ievk fn jkr mninjkr novpnjkr m~apaoe u kvpkr mp~xkr eofemnoar%3 xnpk vai eno xkon no nrbnoa jaxapafklaq~n k`rnrekoa aj apvn fnrfn ja npa fn ja pnxpkf~bveèjefaf vnbokjkmeba< njweob~jk eixkre`jn novpn jar vaovar bkxear fn ~o kpemeoaj wnjafk/ V/N/


27/38

MA@PENJA\^BBKj j j jK

Oabe7 no Ar~obe7ono 157=/ @njjarApvnr* Gkvkmpagea uAovpkxkjkmga no@~nokr Aepnr*Apmnoveoa3 15R@)155=/ Xapvebexa fnpo~nrvpar bkjnbvewarn eofewef~ajnr fnrfn1550/ Pnaje|a njbkpvk PaofkiGpaminovr no1555/cokv e= / /Hdkv poae j [bki

0 e+J$jRAm~in ovkn

Fn ga rnpen Jg~wear u VkpinovarGkvkmpagga no @jaobk u OnmpkEoebeafa njj 1554Xpkxenfaf fn ja apverva

Jkr xaeralnr u gnokponokr oav~pajnr rko ntb~rar fn jar q~n rn wajn Ma`penja\~bbkjejjk xapa r~mnpep kvpkr bkovkpokr fn ja bkofebe7o d~iaoa u kvpkrabanbnpnr fn ja dervkpea/ A vpawnr fn ja gkvkmpagga fn xapalnr pnxnoveoainovnnpoxapeafkr xkp `p~iar okbv~poar 8 a|kvafkr xap Ej~wear u vkpinovarntamnpafar* xpkxkon ja ponvagkpa fn ~o vnppevkpek wekjnovk u wapea`jn no r~rvenixkr $invnkpkE7mebkr* dervkpebkr%* g~jieoaovn no r~r vpaorgkpiabekonr*krb~pk no r~r ~jvepoar eiamnpenr/ Ej~ieoafk xkp kvpar j~bnr* bnmafk xapkrb~pefafnr pnxnoveoar* r~èvaponovn nj xaeraln >n bkowenpvn no nj onmavewn fnrg poerpok/ Xnpk ja xpkx~nrva fn Ma`penja wa iar ajea fn ja xpnrnovabeko fn ~oxaeraln xnpv~pàfk< vpaàla jar k`par bkik rnGeajnr fn r~r xpkxear x~nrvar nonrbnoa< nj ikovaln fn ja k`pa dabn q~n jar eiamnpenr abv~no iar bkik eofebekrfn r~ xpkxea xpnrnobea nq~gwkba q~n BKE1-18 pnvpavkr fn ~o nrxabek)venixknopnwnrafk/ Fnrxjnmafar no ~o nrxabek ar~iefk no r~ gabvebefaf* ferx~nrvarrk`pn ~oa gpaola krb~pa u nrbpeva q~n oki`pa ~o iar ajea fn ja gkvkmpagga $q~nok bkeobefn bko nj pngnpnovn "pnaj"%* jar eiamnpenr xkrvnpmao nj ikinovk fnja pnxpnrnovabe7o u ferjkbao nj j~map fn 1 8 gkvkmpageafk/ U dabno fn nj ~oanrbnoa fegnpefa* fegnpnovn/ V/N/


28/38

M^RVAWK@NOgVN\

Oabn no Ar~obe7ono 15>5/ Gkp)oafkno Apvnr Wer~ajnr uFernok Eof~rvpeaj noPek fn Laonepk*@parej/ @nbafkpnbenovninovn xkpja KNA a ja Gab~jvaffn Apvnr Wer~ajnr fn1 4 ôewnprefaf fnBkrva Peba/ Ntxkonno Ar~obeko fnrfnnj aok 15=5[ Dapnxpnrnovafk ajXapam~au nofegnpnovnrntxkrebekonreovnpoabekoajnr/ No1556 pnbe`n njXpeinp Xpniek fnXeov~pa fn 12 @enoajIapvnj fn Apvn/ E)Eapnaj e|afk pp)kovalnrnrbnokmpagebkr xapaf e gnpnovnr mp~ xkr fnvnavpk/ Abv~ajinovnnr xpkgnrkp fnFernok Bpagebk no12 Gab~jvaf fnBenobear uVnnokjkmear fn 12ôewnprefafBav71 eba fnAr~obeko uno nrjorvev~vk R~xnpekp fn@njjar Apvnr/

0@+JiApm~inovkr

I~pki~pkrgpaminovk fn ja pnajefafXnfa|k fn xapnfq~n b~`pnXeng fn ja p~veoaBarbapa fnj ajiangginpa/Ikovaln fn k`lnvk fn xarva fnxaxnj pnnebjafk1556Xpkxenfaf fnj apverva

M~rvawk @noevn| l~ova pnrvkr fn xaxnjnr* fnrnndkr* pnref~kr fn aokvanekonrk fkn~inovkr q~n dao n~ixjefk ua r~ g~obe7o/ Infeaovn ~o pevk xnprkoaj fnja inikpea* dann ~oa xarva bko njjkr xapa bkornpwap* npepnfafkr no ja iavnpeapoerpoa* jkr vpa|kr fn ~oa eogkpiabe7o q~n g~n ajm~oa wn| eoferxnora`jn 8onbnrapea 8* xkp 18 inokr* ~vej/ 8 q~e|a g~npa njja vkvajinovn waoa u >718nterve7 xapa fnjeonap ~oa rngeaj xjabnovnpa 8 eobkobj~ra/Nrva kxnpabeko venon no xapvn ~o rnovefk poamebk)xpkxebeavkpek/ xpnrnovn nowapear k`par aovnpekpnr fnj apverva< nrvn axnja a ja g~np|a fn jkr xaxnjnr bkikeowkna nj rdaiao ja nonpmga fnj aoeiaj infeaovn ja xenj q~n pnrva/ No njinfek fn nrva xarva* nrvao vkfawea jar xaja`par paxefar 8 najb~jafar fn jkrax~ovnr `pnwnr* fn xpkvkbkj kr* fn bapvar3 jkr `knnvkr fn k par q~n ua g~npkopnaje|afar 8 ok 18rnpao lapoar u q~n r718ntervno bkik aovebexk waok 8 ngeba|xpnramek3 jkr remokr q~n amnofao* q~n iapnao* q~n ua ok remoegenao !k q~nremoegenaào x~nr rn da fnrdnndk nj n7femk* ja Ejawn fnj rnovefk/Bko nrvn iavnpeaj fn inikpea aiarafa* M~rvawk jnwaova ~o i~pk jnwn* ~orkxkpvn rk`pn nj n~aj ua oafa x~nfn rnp nrbpevk 8 vabdafk x~nr m~apfa no r~eovnpekp jar begpar/ ôa wajja ieoeia u nrn~nva q~n pnb~`pn u wnja nj r~ngek fnjkr remoegenafkr/Jk no~obeafk ajm~oa wn| nr eppnxpnrnova`jn/ R718x~nfn rnp xpnrnovafk fno~nwk* nixja|afk $bkowkbafk xkp aq~nj xarn iamebk%/ NE xaxnj pnxpnrnovar~ xpkxek xaxnj< nrva adg* xpnrnovn* aiaraofk oki`pn u bkra oki`pafa3ax~paofk nj venixk* fegepenofkjk< reobpkoe|aofk nj bkixpkierk n~ixjefk unj nob~novpk ao~obeafk3 wkjwenofk pnaj xapa renpoxpn 18q~n aovebexaà nornbpnva nj vpa|k/ V/N/


29/38

LNR^RPÊ\ONRVKRA

Oabn no Ar~ ebekono 1561 / Nrnrbpevkp*gkvkmpa-k uxnpekferva/ Pnaje|7nrv~f ekr no Eanrb~nja fngkvkmpagga fnj PEV$Pkbdnrvnp Eorvev~vnkg Vnbdokjkmu* O/U/^RA % / Ntx~rk xkpxpeinpa wn|* no njBnovpk fn Nrv~fekr@parejnokr$Ar~obeko* 1574% Ufnrfn novkobnrntde`nxnpe7febainovn r~ rvpaàlkr vaovk no njxaer bkik no njntvnpekp/ R~ k`panrva pnxpnrnovafa nonj BAU EI~rnk fnj@appk/l p p - p - jHv jnr~p g[bki*xw

05+JkrApm~inovkr

Bnjn pabe7o fn ga Be~fafGkvkmpagga no @jaobk u Onmpk155> )1555Bkjnbbe7o Bnovpk fn Apvnr Wer~ajnr +I~rnk fnj @appk

gj Kjwefk fn jvajk BajweokLnr~r P~e| Onrvkra eofama abnpba fn jar bapvkmpagear kb~jvar fn ja be~faf/Gkvkmpagga j~mapnr fn Ar~obeko q~n derv7pebainovn repwenpko fn devkr* x~ovkrfn pngnpnobea u j~mapnr fn bp~bn novpn 1 8 x~`jebk u 1 8 xpewafk< nrbnoapekr fnja inikpea u fn ja xpabvebn rkbeaj* rnfn fn iko~inovkr q~n dao xnpfefk nja~pa/ P~e| Onrvkra xpnrnova nrvkr revekr bkik ok)E~mapnr* revekr bapnovnr fnvkfa xkreèjefaf fn fnwnoep nrbnoa fn remp~gebabeko bkjnbvewa* nrxabekreovnpbaièa`jnr u xarvn~pe|afkr3 on~vpaje|afkr xkp ja pnova ejefaf bkix~jrewau ja a~rnobea fn ngebabnr xkjevebar ~p aoar*Aovn nj bakr fn ja be~faf fnrbkovpkjafa u ja xkj~be7o wer~aj* ja invarvarer fnja eiamno q~n b~`pn nj xaeraln ~p aok bko jar pnfnrfn inoralnr x~`jebevapekr*nj apverva x~nfn eovnovap jnwaovap gem~par iar xkvnovnr q~n jar eowarkpar 8x~nfn `~rbap nj rejnobek baxa| fn eixkonp r~ kpfno fnrxnlafk* fnrxklafk/P~e| Onrvkra kxva xap reovnve|ap aiàr xkreèjefafnr< oki`pa ja kb~xabekoa`~rewa fn ja be~faf u r~ bpnbeienovk aoapq~ebk u 1 8 dabn vpavaofkjkr bkikbegpar fn fnrkjabe7o* fn eobkpo~oebabeko pafebaj* fn wafk fn xpnrnobea u fnrnovefk/ Iar q~n bkik pnmervpk fkb~inovaj 8mnrvk nrvnvebk fn`nikr novnofnpnrvakxnpabe7o bkik bkol~pk fn o~nwkr j~mapnr fn eorbpexbeko* o~nwar rngeajnrfn kpenovabeko/ o~nwkr nrxabekr fn pnbkokbeienovk bkjnbvewk u fn wefa baàj/V/N/


30/38

CAPEOAUAj^C

Oabn no Ar~obe7ono 15>4/ B~pranrv~fekr fnApq~evnbv~pa no SaôewnprefafOabekoaS fnAr~obeko* Apvn nDervkpea fnj Apvn*xeov~pa* bnpaieba*mpaàfk u fe`~lk nonj jorvev~vk fn ApvnrXjarvebar/ no nSBnovpk fn ApvnrWer~a pnr u no nSBnovpk fn Nrv~fekr@parejnpkr/Da pnaje|afki~nrvpareofewef~ajnr fnrfn1545 u ar! vai ebpda xapvebexafk fno~inpkrarntxkrebekonrbkjnbvewar/Pnbe n nS XpnieaG~ofabeko XnfpkAm~npk no nS aoa155>/ rk k`pa nrvapnxpnrnovafa no njBAU EI~rnk fnj@appk/

28!JkrA//)m~in)ovk)r

Ja B2ra bjng pne)pekVpk|kr fn d~nrkr aoeiajnrni`~vefkr no infear gninoeoaronmpar/ Jar xen|ar xnofno no njbnovpk fn ~o xapajnjnxexnfkfnjeievafk xkp v~`kr fn invaj/155=Xpkxenfaf fn Ea apvervaWnpreko 0880< Wnpko ena Vkppnr

ô gpaminovk xapa CapeoaCapeoa rn nogpnova a ja gem~pa fnj n~npxk novnpk< 1 8 ferjkba u 1 8 rnnnekoa unodn`pa bko r~r xapvnr jnom~alnr ferxapnr* r~xnpx~nrvkr/ Vpaàla bko d~nrkraoeiajnr3 bko vpk|kr fn d~nrkr/ U `~rna q~n nj apia|7o jngekrk q~n wnpvn`pau q~n apveb~ ja* q~n rkrvenon nj xnrk fnj kpmao erik* rna gpanv~pafk* bkownpvefkno x~pkr k`lnvkr fnro~fkr* no pknar ntvpagear q~n inovao r~ fnrveok fn xkjwku kjwefk/ Q~enpn ntxkonp k`rnnoainovn nj nrq~nia rkvnppafk* noiarnapabjkrenixpn/ Q~enpn ferb~vep ja vpaorgkppoabeko fn ja ponf~!a* nj v~nvaok/ ja l~ovau ja nrxeoa no remokr gkp|afkr a ~o kpfno ferveovk3 k`jemafkr a aikjfaprnadkpa aja xpnofa* q~n nrv~wenpa renixpn r~lnva a r~r fnremoekr/ Q~enpn q~n jakrainova gpaminovafa pnwnjn nq~gwkbkr fn ja nkvefeaonefaf gninoeoa* fnjgnvenderik fn ja inpbaobea u jkr febvafkr fn ja ikfa3 fn ja nrnobea ieonpaj*f~pgreia* q~n`pafe|a* q~n rkxkpva aj n~npxk u En rk`pnwewn no waok/ V/N*


31/38

IAPBNJKINFEOAReo VEv~jk/ Fexvebk/Xeov~pa no anpkrkj* nriajvn reovnvebk* javnt u bkjjamnaxjebafk bko fegnpnovnr xnmainovkr bkik bkja ubninovk/0881Bkjnbbe7o Bnovpk fn Apvnr Wer~ajnr+I~rnk fnj @appk

Oabn no Ar~obekono 15=4/ Nrv~fea nonj Eorvev~vk R~xnpekpfn Apvn/ Pnaje|antxkrebekonreofewebj~ajnr nowapear majnpgar fnAr~obeko/ Xap vebexano ntxkrebekonrbkjnbvewar njjAr~obeko* arg BKEjjKno kvpar be~fafnrfnj ntvnpekp/ Pnbe`nxpniekr uinobekonr noAr~obeko* @~nokrAepnr u B~noba/Xapvebexa nofegnpnovnr ènoajnrbkik ja fnjInpbkRjep u r~xpkjkpmabekp no@parej ea / Bkikej~rvpafkp* vpa alaxapa f egnpnovnrnfevkpeajnr/ R~ k`panrva pnxpnrnovafa nonj BAW + I~rnk fnj@appn/iapbnjkp pnfeoafdo -tpoae j /b ki

21+jkrApm*~inovkr

Ja nrxnpaNEfgxvebk fn Iaj-bnjk Infeoa rn~èba aovn benpvar b~nrvekonr bjawnr q~n xjaovnanj vnpoa fn ja pnxpnrnovabe7o bkovnpoxkpaona/ Nrvnvntvk pnbkmn fkr fn njear/ Noxpeinp j~map* a~oq~n no xpeobexek Iapbnjk rn ageppoa bkik ~o gem~pavewkpnbajbevpaovn $r~r i~ofkr axapnbno rk`pnxk`jafkr fn gem~par ievkjkmebar/Eevnpapear* fnje paovnr%* aj wnprn nopnfafar no jkr r~bnrewkr xpkbnf epoenovkr q~n~veje|a* r~r eiamnpenr r~gpno fngkppoabekonr u po~vabekonr u a~o vnpieoao xapfnraxapnbnp* vax~lafar xkp jkr wnjkr* rnx~jvafar xkp jarfnorefafnr 8 vpamafarxap jkr gj~lkr fn ~oa xeov~pa fnr`kpfafa/ Iapbnjk xapvn fn pngnpnobear eb7oebarntvpagfar fn ja eogkpiaveba u fn jkr infear fn bkpo~oebabeko iarewa u j~nmkavkrema nrargem~par nobeiaofkjar* o~`jaofkjar bko wnjaf~par* fnwkpaofk r~rbkovkpokr bao iaobdar 8 fnrpo eove nofkjkr bao baj empagg ar u Egonar q~n*xnofenovnr fn kvpkr vpa|afkr* awao|ao a bkovpaiaok/ "Bkik in m~rva pon|bjapvkff-* bkogenra nj xpkxek apverva* "no jkr bkjjamnr pnb~ppk a iavnpeaj a wnbnrfervkprekoafk xkp ja bkix~vafkpa* a xeaokr fn bkjkpnr xetnjafkr $nj xetnj x~nfnokpo`pap jar gkpiar xkp abbeko pnref~aj%"*Nrvarin|bjar xpkpo~nwno nj fnrbkokneienovk fn jkr jeievnr baokoebkr vpa|afkrxkp nj kpfno fn jar @njjar Apvnr $no ~oa kxnpabe7o nrxnbeajinovn a~fa| nob~aovk xpkwenon fn ja xeov~pa ieria* ja r~x~nrva xpewejnmeafa xap vaj kpfno%/Xnpk vapoèno rnafrbpe no a ja vnofnobea q~n eovnova fnrbkorvp~ep ja kxkrebe7oèoapea q~n nogpnova nj oewnj a`rvpabvk u nj gem~pavewn bkorefnpafkr ai`krvnppoeokr a`rkj~vkr/ Re èno nr nenpvk q~n nj wenlk xjnevk ikfnpok novpna`rvpabbe7o u pnxpnrnovabeko rn pnr~njwn no nj rei~jabpk xkrikfnpok $Gkrvnp%*no ja k`pa fn Iapbnjk nj rei~jabpk abv~a eixefenofk q~n ja eiamno gpam~n< jarxnpv~pàbekonr q~n njja r~gpn fegenpno bkoveo~aponovn nj ikinova fn r~pnaje|abeko bkik remoegebaovn/NErei~jabpk x~nfn rnp novnofebjk no nrva k pa bkik pnmervpk fn ~oa pniere7obkoveo~a< ja q~n èpja nj remoa kpemeoaj/ Re Fnppebja bkorefnpa q~n 18noempoavebk

nr ja efna 1 1 1 eria fn xpeinpa wn|* nr jkmebk q~n nkobj~ua q~n" nr xkp vaovk njaxja|aienovk 18 q~n nrva no nj eoebek""/ Xnpk aj Ejnmap a nrvn x~ovk dnpokrfnrni`kbafk ua no ja rnm~ofa b~nrve7o* ja q~n png~va ja 17meba vnixkpajdervkpeberva/ Ja eiamno fn Iapbnjk rn $fnregkpia xap aovebexanekonr fn 18uar~bnfefk 8 bkppnbbekonr fn 18ok a~o ok nr/ Xkp nrk* r~r bjawnr rnnob~novpaonrbapokvnafar< nopnfafar novpn baxar fn xeov~pa a vpa|kr bajempagebkr* jar bjawnrfnja xe ov~ pa rn nob~novpao ntvpaweafar u xkrvnpmao eofnge oefainovn r~ieoervnpek< nj fn a`pep rnovefk* wnpegebap ja wnpfaf fn 18ntxpnrafk/ Ja eiamnogeoaj* q~n o~oba nr fngeoevewa* rn a`pn a ~oa xpnm~ova jao|afa dabea fnjaovn/Bkorvev~wn* arp* ~oa abbe7o fegnpefa $Gkrvnp% q~n r718 xkfpa rnp pneorbpexva*xpkwerekoajinovn renpoxpn* a xapvep fn ~oa no~obeabe7o q~n ok venon j~mapvkfawga/ V/N/1 Ja nrbpev~pa u ja beegnpnobea* Iafpef* Ajeao|a* 1545* xx/0=5+048


32/38

IAPBKR@NOEVN\

Iapbkr @nojvn|/Oabe7 no Ar~obekono 15=2/ VkpokBÊ RKR fn ApvnrWer~ajnr bko Kjma@jeofnp no nj EFAX*m p a` afk bko JewekA`paik u NfevdLeinon|* dervkpea fnjapvn bko Fkpkvdnn]ejjnpv/ Xapvebexk fnwapenr vajjnpnr bkoa p v e r v a r ntvpaolnpkr/B~pr7 Benobear fn jaBkpo~oebabeko no jaôewnprefabjBav7jeba/ Dapnaje|afkntxkrebekonreofewef~ajnr fnrfn155>* ar! bkikvapoèno xapvebexkno fewnprarntxkrebekonrbkjnbvewaroabekoajnr neovnpoabekoajnr/ No155> pnbe n njXpnpoek G~objabe7oXnbjpk Am~npkw no0888 nj XpnieaDnope Iaverrn/ R~k pa rn nob~novpapnxpnrnovabja no njBAU + I~rnk fnj@appk/iapbkr`noevn=/72Hdkviaej/bki

20+~krApmjjinovkrJ Xeovkpa* /i~r/bk/ fkbnovn umnrvkp" b~jv~paj/Pnaje|a b~prkr fn/Apvn bko Kjma@jeofnp u fnj)ejkrkgja bkoKrwajfk Mko|ajn|PnaE/ Fnrfn 1541ntxkon no i~nrvpareofewef~ajnr ubkjnbjewar njj nj xaeru nj ntvnpeop/ Damaoafk wapenrxpnpoekr u r~ k`pa rnnob~novpapnxpnrnovafa njj njI~rnk fn ja KNA unj fn ja I~lnp no]ardeomvko* no njI~rnk fn Xpnvkpea*R~fagj-eba* no njI~rnk I~oebexajfn Erpanj* njj nj fnAp v nBkovnixkp/eonk noAr~obeko u nobkjnbbek pnrxpewafar neorvev~bekonrx~`jeb~r/Abv~ aEinovn nrXpnrefnova fn Mnovnfn Apvn u FepnbvkpaMnonpaj fn @njjarApvnr fnj Webn)ieoervnpek fnB~jv~pa/

22LJFrApmionovkr

A~vkppnvpavkWefnk1546Bkjnbbe7o Bnovpk fn Apvnr Wer~ajnr EI~rnk fnj @appa

Jkr xar kr fn RgregkA xnrap fn q~n nrva k`pa g~npa pnaje|afa ~o xkbk aovnr fnj xnpgkfk q~n b~`pnnrva i~nrvpa $1545)0880%* nr eobe~efa no ja ieria ok r718xkpq~n bkorvev~un~ok fn jkr barar xpnb~prkpnr fnj ~ra fnj wefnk apvnraoaj bkik ntxpnrekonpoxjnafa xkp apvervar* reok xkpq~n r~ vnpoaveba )bpeveba fn r~ xpnrnovn*aovebexavkpea fn g~v~pk* eorbpexvkpa fn inikpea) rnbkorvev~un no ~o apm~inovkfn xnrk no xpk fn nrva dervkpea eownovafa/Ja oappavewa fn ja k`pa rnfnrxjenma no vkpok aja gem~pa fn ~oa xnprkoa q~narbenofn jar mpafar fn ~oa nrbajnpa ra`pn nj gkofk fn xnq~npekr p~efkr*i~ppo~jekr nkvefeaokr* p~pokpnr fn ~oa be~faf 8 ~o venixk q~n q~enpn rnpfnlafk appar* a~oq~n q~e|a ok 18 x~nfa/ Nrva vapna bkoveo~a* eoabaàfa*eoabaà`jn* x~nfn inova!"bkorbenovninovn 8 ok ja jkmeba $alvnpoxkpaj fn ~oikfnjk xpnrnovafk bkik eixnpnbnfnpk $^NEXapam~au Nvnpok bko Rvpknrronp"y/Xnpkvapo eno pnvkia ja gem~ pabjareba fn arbnoreko bkik ponvavkpa Ee`npafkpa/Ja gem~pa q~n nrbaja xark a xark* eovnpieoa`jninovn* nrbaxa aj bkol~pk fnnra xnvpevebabeko fn ja dervkpea ao~obeafa xkp Dnmnj/ A~oq~n g~npn renixpneobkobj~ra ja vapna/ njja eorva~pa aj inokr ja xkreèjefaf fn ~o nrg~np|k u ~oaej~reko< fn ~oa ax~nrva a 18q~n appeà nrxnpa/ V/N/


34/38


35/38

IKO EBABKO\AJN\

Oabn no Ar~obekono 15>0/ Fnrfn15=1 v k p o a bjarnrbko Jewea A paik uNfevd Leinon|* Kjma@jeofnp* Gnjexn Okn*Fkpkvdn ]ejjnpv*novpn kvpkr/ Eo jnm 1 7nj mp~xk f n a p ver va rNE Ajnxd/ Xapvebexafn fewnprarntxkrebekonrbkjnbvewar uènoajnreojnpoabekoajnrbkik jar fn RakXa~jk* Inpbkr~p noXkpvk Ajnmpn*Wnonbea* E[aDaàoa* nj gnrvewajfn Infnjjeo ujkdaoonr`~pmk/Pnaje|a afnp)earntxkrebekonreof/web~ajnr vaovkno nj xap r bkik nonj ntvpaolnpk/ R~k pa rn nob~novpapnxpnrnovafa no njBAU + I~rna fnj@appa u nobkjnbbekonrxpewafar fnjXapam~au unjntvnpekp/iko E|~jn|idk~oaej/bki

2>+JkrApm~ibovkr0/ Nrapq~evnbvk*mpaàfkp* fernoafkpmpagebk u xpkikvkpb~jv~paj/ Dapnaje|afk nrv~fekrfn gkpiabeko noXapam~au* Nrxaoa*Apmnoveoa u NN^^/Da xapvebexafk noo~inpkrarntxkrebekonreofewebj~ajnr g~npa ufboppk fnj xaer/K v~wk wapekrxpniekr fn ferngekmpagebk u xeov~pa/ R ^kj718 fnj ferb~prk fn Pka reok fn ja xpkxea bajempagea fnj nrbpevkp q~n dabnr~wa3 q~n pnnrbpe`n bko r~ jnvpa u pnevnpa bko k rnre7o a vpawnr fnj `kpfafk/Q~n adkma u rejnobea jar xaja par bkovpanrbpe enofkjar no `jaobk/ ôa wn|iar* nj nrbpevk da refk vpaebekoafk* abj~jvnpafk no r~ fnrveok fn agkperik*bkownpvefk no maja fnj jeno|k njninovaj 8 avawek fnj ~jveik xagek/ ôa wn|iar* nj vntvk rn w~njwn ejnme jn/ U fniaof a ~oa pneorbpexbeko q~n vparvkpon njpnmervpk fn ja nrbpev~pa u xpnrnovn a nrva no bjawn gaovarpoaveba/ No bjawn fneiamno q~n pnmpnra `kppafa* iklafa/ V/ N/$gpaminovaj


37/38

XNFPK@APPAEJ

Oabn no Ar~obekono 1576/ Pnaje|kr~r nrv~fekr fn Apvnu Apq~evnbv~pa noIeaie* NN^^ /Ntxkon bkjnbvewa neofewef~ajinovnfnrfn 155=/Xapvebexa noènoajnreovnpoabekoajnrbkik ja Renoaj Apvn@A fn Mpaàfk u fnBkovnixkpaona no@~nokr Aepnr3Rnxveia @enoaj fnJa Daàoa* B~à u101@enoaj fnjInpbkr~p no XkpvkAjnmpn/ R~ k pa nrvapnxpnrnovafa no njBAW E I~rnk fnj@appa/xnfpkàivjnndbpiajjbki

2=!JkrApm~inovkr

Reo Vev~jk/ Kn ja rnpen Vpnr/Bala* vnja `kpfafa* nrxnlkr*ajgejnpnr* vntvkr* fe ~lkr*eixpnrekonr mpagebar ugkvkmpaggar/0888Xpkxenfaf fnj apverva

PnrapbeienovkrXnfpk @appaej xapvn fn ~o fe`~lk r~uk pngnpefk no gkpia fnvajjafa a ~o klkd~poaok* fnrkpèvafk bare/ bkownpvefk no x~pk nepn~jk aoav7iebk* no gelafnrnpexbe7o kpmaoeba* NE fe`~lk nr pnxpkf~befk gkvkmpagenainovn u nobnppafkar! no ~oa bala fkofn nrxnpao njninovkr ferxapnr< nrbpev~par pnaje|afar noxagekr `kpfafkr 8 eixpnrar no xapvnr ferveovar fnj pnnexenovn* nrxnlkr* mpagebkrfn b7femkr fn àppa/ nvb/3 eiamnpenr q~n ok eovnpgenpno ja fnj klk reok q~n jafnraggao< En k`jemao a iepafar ferveovar/ Kafkr jkr jeievnr fn nrvn vntvk fnxpnrnovabe7o* in pngnpepn r718 afkr n~nrvekonr q~n xpkwkna nrva k`pa< ai àrremoegebao fnrampawekr q~n jnwaova ja iepafa/ Ja xpeinpa venon q~n wnp bko njXnppk Aofaj~| $1505% geji q~n* pnaje|afk xkp @~ge~nj u Fajj* nkieno|a bko~oa nrbnoa `p~vaj< ja fn ~oa kb~jkbvkiga/ Nrva i~vejabe7o ok >718 kxnpabkik ~o inover fn b~ajq~enp xpkmpapoa nrvnveberva ikfnpok reok bkik njbaièk fn ja were7o panekoajerva xkp nj fnjepek* nj g~ofainovk fnj rei~jabpk$r~ pnaj e|abe7o* rnm~o Kaj g%/ Xnpk* xpnrnovafk no r~ bp~fa kpmaoebefaf* njklk pnxapa nj nrbaikvnk fn 18 pnaj3 xkp ~o eorvaovn/ ferexa 18> gaovariar q~no~èao ga iepafa/Ja rnm~ofa b~nrve7o axnjaaj rnieoapek fn Jabao $1576% q~n png~va nj xkfnpgkfn ja iepafa fnj r~lnvk/ Jabao ferb~vn nj Uk in unk a i!ierik wenofkin aie ierik* q~n r~xkon ~o r~lnvk baàj a~vkbkorbenovn* rnokp fn ja iepafa* urkrvenon q~n q~eno iepa nr vapoèno iepafk xkp nj k`lnvk/ N ! nrxnbvafkp k`rnpwa~o b~afpa xnpk* rk`pn vkfk/ nr k`rnpwafk xkp nrvn< ja iepafa fn ja k`paeovnpxnja r~ r~`lnvewefaf fnrnob~afpafa u pokweje|a r~r wnpfafnr ~jveiar uponlkp m~apfafar/ Fn adg r~ g~np|a u r~ eixabvk3 r~ baxabefaf fn bkoikwnpaj r~lnvk k`rnpwafk/ No nrvn f~njk fn iepafar rn xpkf~bno o~nwkr remoegebafkr/NE Nrxnlk bkjkbafk no nj gkofk fn ajm~oar balar png~np|a nrn rnovefk< njk`rnpwafkp rn iepa no nj gkofk fnj k`lnvk* rn pnbkokbn $8 ok% no ja eiamnoq~n nrvn En fnw~njwn/Ja iepafa ua ok nr nj pauk q~n baxv~pa u vpaorxapnova nj k`lnvk eonppon< nr ~ol~nmk 8 ~o f~njk novpn klkr* ~o "klk xkp klk" q~n rn wnoma fn jkr xpjwejnmjkrfnj iepap bapvnreaok/ V/N/


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PEBAPFKIEMJEKPEREN+ @aoq~nvn gobkobg~rkGkvkmpagea0888Xpkxenfaf fnj apvervaGkvkmpagga< Lkrn Mkin|

OLbe7 o Ar~obe7ono 1564/Apq~evnbvk* a p v e r v axjarvebk/ wnrv~apervau nrbnokmpagk/Nrv~fe7 fe`~lk uxeov~pa bko BepaIkrbapfa/ Dae E~rvpafk E e`pkr upnwervar njjXapam~au* AinpebaJaveoa u N~pkxa/Ntxkon eofewef~aj ubkjnbvewainovnfnrfn 1577 no njxaer uno nj ntvnpekp/Novpn kvparferveobekonr pnbe nnj Xpeinp Xpniek fnAgebdnr* nE/I/N/*Oabekonr ^oefar*%5=03 E XpnieaBkob~prk "@norko' Dnfmnr"*Ar~obe7o* 15403Inlkp I~nrvpaNtvpaolnpa* AEBA*Ikovnwefnk*^p~m~au* 154=/ R~k pa rn nob~novpapnxpnrnovafa no njBAW EI~rnk fnj@appk u Gem~panobkjnbbekonr fnjXapam~au unjntvpaolnpk/

Bkik kvpkr apvervar fn nrva i~nrvpa* Iemjekpere npoxjna ja gkvkmpagga bkik ~oinfek q~n vpaormpnfn jkr bkvkr efnajervar fnj "mnonpk" u rn baovaieoa bko njgj~lk fn epoamnonr dj`p efar * xpkpoerb~ar* fnrabpaje|afar< iar bkorefnpafar nor~ bapma ntxpnrewa q~n no ja x~pn|a fn xpkbnfeienovkr q~n dao refnxapkfeafkr/ Nrva jogpabbeko ntemn iaoek par bkixjebafar/ NE apverva xapvn fn~o fk`jn pnmervpk gkvkmpagebk fn r~ xpkxek pkrvpa3 ~o pnvpavk r~uk da refkpnaje|afk no `jaobk u onmpk u kvpk no ba j apnr/ Vpabna fnrx~nr nrvn ~jveik uvpaorgenpn ajm~okr fn jkr xnfa|kr rk pn gpaminovkr fn jk|a q~n* ferx~nrvkrrk`pn nj xpeinp pnvpavk no r~r xapvnr bkppnrxkofenovnr* r~menpno nj gajjk fn ~opkpoxnba`n|ar vp~obafk/ W~njvk a gkvkmpageap* nrvn vnpbnp pnvpavk pnr~jva a~oiar ferbkpfaovn x~nr r~r xapvnr ok vnpieoao fn awnoep novpn rg u ok x~nfnonobalap no ~oa eiamno ba`aj/ Xap ~o jafk* nrva eppnm~japefaf pnr~jva fn jkriavnpeajnr fewnprkr $nj nrxnrkp u jar vntv~par ferveovar fn ja xenj u fn ja jk|a*fnj pkrvpk pnaj u nj gkvkmpageafk%3 xkp kvpk* nj xpkxek xpkbnfeienovk fngkvkbkxeapja gkvkmpagea no bkjapnr uvpaorgnpepja j~nmk rk`pnnj a|~jnlk nopklnbn jkr bkjapnrkpemeoajnr u fkva a ja eiamno fn ~o vkon fnrbapoafk/Nonrva k pa bkixjnla in eovnpnra fnrvabap fkr arxnbvkr/ Xkp ~o jafk* nj pnjavewka ja de`pefn| fn jkr infear* ja fnrk`nfenobea fnj baoko q~n a`rkj~ve|a njvajaovn fn bafa "jnom~aln" u 18 nobenppa no ~o vnppnok eontx~moa jn/ Xap kvpk*ja pngnpnobea a bkovnoefkr weob~jafkr a 1 8 xnprkoaj u jk kpmaoebk* a jaxpnkb~xabeko xkp pnb~xnpap arxnbvkr wevajnr* `p~vajnr* fn ~oa pnajefafnoiarbapafa xkp ja eowareko fn eiamnpenr ferxapafar xkp nj ponpbafk/ Bkikno ~oa aovem~a ej~rvpabe7o fn aoavkiga* nj rnp d~iaok axapnbn fnrkjjafk*

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