lorenzo peña: vidas entrecruzadas - riccardo gualino y yo

7/28/2019 Lorenzo Peña: Vidas entrecruzadas - Riccardo Gualino y yo

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YOFL^ KEVZKNZ[]LFL^= ZONNLZFG @[LAOEG _ _G

pgr Agrkezg Skül

(Ngbketlrog la aojrg IZLS= [el tkbpgrlfl ke Ksplül, trlf. Bltoafk Buügz,Kfonogeks Lblr`grf, :3<3)

(Vâtuag fka tkxtg groòela otlaoleg= [el stlògek oe ^plèl):3<<-<<-:;. Ykrsoþe <.;

ûblrog

3. Oetrgfunnoþe<. Fk Zgbl l Blfrof= <?6<-<?9>:. Fka nosbl prgnhoeg la suròboketg fka SNKba>. Nlutovkrog= <?9;-986. Zkngeùrlnoþe fk ags þr`legs forkntovgs y O Nge`rksg= <?0:-0>;. Al forknnoþe fka SNKba l plrtor fk <?0:9. Fka IZLS l al Ngevkenoþe Zkpujaonlel

0. Ngenausoþe

§3.‖ Oetrgfunnoþe

Vrltìefgsk fk nlso nulaquokr gtrg aojrg, pgfrâl yg ksnrojor uel rkskül gjmktovl ‖g,la bkegs, quk prktkefokrl skrag. Bls al gjrl quk tke`g ke bos blegs fka, plrl bâ,nlblrlfl Zonlrfg @ulaoeg @lrþilag tokek oetkrsknnogeks nge bo prgpol lutgjog`rliâlquk bk obpofke lsporlr l gtrl ngsl quk l uel kspknok fk kpâag`g sujmktovg l su aojrg‖kxhgrtlefg la akntgr l akkrag forkntlbketk, soe tgblr kstls pì oels bìs quk ngbg ag quksge= al kxprksoþe fk uel lplsogelfl rkkxoþe nlblrlfkroa y lbostgsl, fk laùoke quk,

la akkr ka rkaltg fk Zonnlrfg @ulaoeg, sk soketk pakelbketk oevgaunrlfg, rkvovoïefgag nlsongbg so iukrl ke probkrl pkrsgel.

Zonnlrfg @ulaoeg y yg sþag egs hkbgs vostg fgs vknks= al probkrl ke ka gtgügfk <?9> (pgsojakbketk ke egvokbjrk) y al skùefl nlso bkfog soàg fkspuïs, keegvokbjrk fk :3<<. Ke <?9>, uegs mgvkezukags, pgng bìs quk lfgaksnketks, oeonoìjlbgspkropags quk vle l skùor rubjgs quk ‖sk`ýe fksfk quï pkrspkntovl‖ pukfke nlaonlrskngbg plrlakags, fovkr`ketks, ngevkr`ketks, g quozì ketrknruzlfgs.

§<.‖ Fk Zgbl l Blfrof= <?6<-<?9>

Ygavlbgs al vostl ltrìs, la lüg <?6<. Otlaol sk hl bktofg ke al OO ùkrrl buefolapgr al orrlnogela y bk`lagbìeonl vgauetlf fka Funk y pgr ka rkòg ngesketoboketg fkarky-kbpkrlfgr, ^.B. Yântgr Bleuka OOO (sokbprk ìvofg fk troueigs jïaongs)4 uel ùkrrlke al quk tgfgs pgfâle sljkr quk foiânoabketk ak nljâl kspkrlr gtrl ngsl quk irlnlsgs yfkrrgtls.

Ksk lüg elnk ka homg fk Zkeltg @ulaoeg, Zonnlrfg, lutgr fk kstk aojrg. Zkeltgks ue prgfuntgr noekbltg`rìng quk nrklrì Aux Ioab, lqukaal rbl kxtrlgrfoelrol qukalezlrì al probkrl pkaânual fk Aunhoeg Yosngeto, lsâ ngbg tletls gtrls fka ekgrrklaosbg

otlaoleg fk al pgsùkrrl, ketrk kaals Lrrgz lblr`g (ueg fk ags abks prkfoakntgs fkarkskületk). Al blfrk fk Zonnlrfg ks Borkaal @lrþilag, pkrtkeknoketk l uel oaustrk ilboaolfk oetkakntulaks, laùegs yl fkstlnlfgs furletk ka Zosgròbketg.



«Yofls ketrknruzlfls= Zonnlrfg @ulaoeg y yg´ pgr Agrkezg Skül :

Al fgjak ilboaol pltkrel y bltkrel vkeâl ljlrnlfl pgr ksk bkfog tle plrtonualrfk al nuaturl otlaolel, pkrg ags grâ`keks ilboaolrks pltkregs sge ags fk uel roqukzl bunhgblygr. _ ks quk Zkeltg krl, l su vkz, homg fk Zonnlrfg @ulaoeg, ljg`lfg polbgetïs

pkrg, sgjrk tgfg, kbprkslrog, fk quoke sk fomg quk krl ka hgbjrk bìs rong fk Otlaol.Slrtokefg fk uel trlfonoþe fk grikjrkrâl ilboaolr, Zonnlrfg @ulaoeg (Jokaal, <80?

- Iagrkenol, <?96) akvletþ fgs vknks uel `rle rkf kbprkslrola= uel probkrl l ngbokezgsfka soàg XX (nge ngbkrnog fk blfkrl, nkbketkrâls, elvk`lnoþe, oefustrols tkxtoaks yquâbonls y yl ketgenks prgfunnoþe noekbltg`rìnl) y uel skùefl trls skr vântobl, ke<?><->>, fk al rkprksoþe fka rïòbke ilsnostl, quk ag fkstkrrþ, ngesnlefg sus jokeks.Zonnlrfg @ulaoeg krl lsobosbg ue `rle lbletk fk lrtk, ue ksnrotgr, ue bknkels, uelùrl fksngaaletk fk ue nlpotlaosbg fovkrsg fka fk al kspknualnoþe elenokrl. Iukfkrrgtlfg ke su rovlaoflf nge @ogvleeo Lèkaao, quoke, bkmgr ngekntlfg, sljrì hlnkrskegbjrlr skelfgr pgr ka ^gjkrleg, pgr rkngbkeflnoþe fk Bussgaoeo.

^gjrk al soeùalrâsobl vofl fk lquka blèltk quk iuk Zonnlrfg @ulaoeg sk hlprgfunofg uel pkaânual y sk hl ksnrotg uel jog`rliâl.

Ke ksl ilboaol, ke uel Otlaol ke ùkrrl quk prgetg vl l suiror ags probkrgsfksnlaljrgs boaotlrks, elnk, puks, eukstrg Zonnlrfg @ulaoeg, prknkfokefg ke trks lügs lalutgr fk kstl rkskül, quk elnkrì ke Ksplül ke uel ilboaol bgfkstâsobl y nlrketk fktrlesnkefkenol laùel.

Ke <?;?-93 kstufoï bo probkr y ýatobg nursg fk akeùl otlaolel ke ka OstotutgOtlaoleg fo Nuaturl ke Blfrof, ketgenks sotg ke al nlaak Jloaïe. L trlvïs fk bo prgiksgr

pufk ketrkvkr al obl`ke fk al Ksplül irlequostl prkvlaketk ke al ngageol otlaolel keBlfrof= al fk uel vovâsobl sobpltâl pgr ka rïòbke, nuygs prksuetgs ag`rgs kngeþbongssk laljljle (l pkslr fk quk iuk ka lüg fka pale fk kstljoaozlnoþe), luequk eg kxketl fkuel nokrtl ngefksnkefkenol, quozì obpaânotlbketk foroòfl la pukjag ksplüga pgr hljkrskrksoèlfg l ue rïòbke lsâ la plsg quk ags otlaolegs ‖soe fufl bìs kvgaunogelfgs ynuatgs‖ tkeâle al Zkpýjaonl. (Ksg pukfk fknorsk soe fknorag, nalrg.)

Ke ksl ngageol, prknoslbketk, fk rksofketks otlaolegs fk latg g bkfog eovkakngeþbong vl l oetk`rlrsk fgs lügs fkspuïs eukstrg Zonnlrfg @ulaoeg, la lanlezlr alblygrâl fk kflf, kevolfg pgr su plfrk Zkeltg plrl gnuplrsk fk ags ek`gnogs ilboaolrkske Ksplül y plslr lquâ ue tokbpg= «Slsskrlo ue pþ fo tkbpg oe ^plèl, uel stlògeklaa‟kstkrg´.

Zonnlrfg vl l bltronualrsk la lüg soùoketk, <?9:, ke al Ilnuatlf fk nokenolspgaâtonls y kngeþbonls, fk al Nlaak Lenhl, uel ilnuatlf ketgenks ngetoùl la kfonog fkaOestotutg fk keskülezl bkfol Nlrfkela Nosekrgs ke ka quk yg hljâl kstufolfg kaJlnhoaakrltg ke <?;6-93.

Hlstl lquâ sþag tkekbgs soboaotufks g ngoenofkenols igrtuotls, bkrls nlsulaofl-fks. Skrg ka vokreks :: fk blrzg fk <?9> tuvg au`lr ue hknhg tgtlabketk kxtrlgrfoelrog=nkakjrìjlsk ke ka Lual Blèl fk ksl Ilnuatlf (quk krl ka Slrleoeig fk tgfl al[eovkrsoflf fk Blfrof) uel sksoþe fk al rkvostl grla kstufoletoa Vokrrl, ke al nula kstljlkspknolabketk oevotlfg ka skügr boeostrg fk Oeigrblnoþe y Vurosbg, Fr. Irl`l Orojlrek,nltkfrìtong fk al Ilnuatlf ke kxnkfkenol. Al vâspkrl, rkueofgs ke al nkrnlel nlaak Skz ags



«Yofls ketrknruzlfls= Zonnlrfg @ulaoeg y yg´ pgr Agrkezg Skül 0

bleogjrls pgr lrrojl fk al trlesonoþe y rkovoefonlr al Zkpýjaonl iukrge lntotufks quk hlyquk laljlr. Nlso tgfg ag fkbìs hly quk nkesurlrag.

Ke bo lutgjog`rliâl Lblr`l muvketuf hk soetktozlfg, ke ue plr fk pìòels, bo

vosoþe nrâtonl fk ksk fknkeog fk al vofl pgaâtonl fka SNKba. Ka nýbuag fk fltgs quklhgrl prgpgrnogel ke kstk aojrg Zonnlrfg @ulaoeg rltonl bo lprknolnoþe.

Al gr`leozlnoþe sk alezl, probkrg, l uel aunhl lrblfl, soe hljkr skaknnogelfgngrrkntlbketk ka topg fk aunhl lrblfl quk sk pgfâl y fkjâl rklaozlr, soe hljkr fkaobotlfgngrrkntlbketk ags jalengs ak`âtobgs fk ags oak`âtobgs (ke ka supukstg oenausg fk quk kaplsg l al aunhl lrblfl hujokrl kstlfg mustonlfg ‖quk, ke lqukaals ngefonogeks, eg agkstuvg) y soe hljkr tgblfg ke nuketl ka kstlfg fk ìeobg fk al ljrublfgrl blygrâl fkapukjag ksplüga, tgtlabketk ngetrlrog l ksk rubjg4< pkrg, l al vkz, sk bletokeke uegsgtlfgrks pkrikntlbketk vosojaks pgr ka kekbo`g, uegs puetgs fk kenuketrg y als

pgsonogeks fk la`ýe foro`ketk nþbgflbketk voòaljaks pgr ags l`ketks eg sþag fkairlequosbg soeg sgjrk tgfg fka obpkrolaosbg ylequo y sus laolfgs.

Ksk y bunhgs gtrgs fktlaaks ngerble al ao`krkzl y al fosngetoeuoflf fk uelslntulnogeks forkntovls quk plrknke ngestotuor uel rostrl fk letgmgs. Lpkels oeonolfl kslaunhl lrblfl (ksnlslbketk àgrogsl), sk fknrktl su elaozlnoþe, lfunoïefgsk ka nlbjogfk nornuestlenols pgaâtonls. ·Eg sk hljâl prkvostg ksk nlbjog7 ·^k pukfk paleklr soeprkvkr7

§9.‖ Fka IZLS l al Ngevkenoþe Zkpujaonlel

Ke ag kspknânlbketk pgaâtong, ags lügs fk <?0> l <?09 sge ags fka IZLS. Ïstk,ka Irketk Zkvgaunogelrog Letoilsnostl y Sltrogtl, quosg skr uel palsblnoþe g kenlrelnoþengenrktl fka IFEZ (irketk fkbgnrìtong elnogela rkvgaunogelrog) prgykntlfg ke al aâeklpgaâtonl fka SNKba fksfk ka pakeg iueflnogela fk fonokbjrk fk <?96.

ôe kbjlr`g, ka IFEZ kstljl ngenkjofg ngbg uel ngemuenoþe (eg igrzgslbketkke igrbl kstrunturlfl eo soquokrl ngbg ue jagquk) quk ngemuetlrâl nalsks sgnolaks,skesojoaoflfks pgaâtonls, tkefkenols, plrtofgs, gr`leozlnogeks fk fovkrsg soèg, ue lbpaogkspkntrg quk ‖fksfk ka puetg fk vostl blrxostl, quk krl ka pgr egsgtrgs lfgptlfg‖rkkmlrl uel laolezl fk vlrols nalsks, fka prgaktlrolfg l al jurùksâl bkfol. Ngbgbâeobg krl obpkrltovg, plrl lrblr quk sk hljâl palsblfg ke la`g ngenrktg ksk IFEZ,quk sk ngesoùokrl ue ketkefoboketg nge skntgrks fka rkpujaonleosbg hostþrong y fkanltgaonosbg ngenoaolr, nlfl ueg fk kaags pgr su prgpol soèonlnoþe ke al vofl ksplügal.

<. Sgr ag nula eg ngenurrâle als ngefonogeks eknkslrols plrl quk iukrl aânotl al oesurrknnoþe, quk sge, ngemuetlbketk, soktk= (<ª)kxostkenol fk uel gprksoþe y torleâl kxtrlgrfoelrols k oesuirojaks4 (:ª) obpgsojoaoflf ‖fkbgstrlfl y lnrkfotlfl letk al gpoeoþepýjaonl‖ fk lnljlr nge ksl gprksoþe pgr vâls plnâionls4 (>ª) quk, fk blekrl blsovl ‖y tkefkenolabketk blygrotlrol‖, alpgjalnoþe sk lfhokrl l al nlusl fk al oesurrknnoþe4 (6ª) akòtoboflf fka eýnakg forkntovg fk al oesurrknnoþe, nuyl lutgroflf kstïlbpaolbketk lvlalfl y rkngegnofl4 (;ª) pkrspkntovls vkrgsâboaks ‖ke vortuf fk al ngrrkalnoþe fk iukrzls‖ fk troueig oesurrknnog-

ela ke ue palzg rlzgeljak4 (9ª) nkrtkzl fk quk fk al lnnoþe lrblfl oesurrknnogela eg sk fkrovlrìe blaks blygrks4 y (0ª)prufkenol, bgfkrlnoþe y fosnkreoboketg ke al rklaozlnoþe fk als lnnogeks lrblfls plrl eg fksvortulr al mustonol fka rknursg lals lrbls. Y. la rkspkntg bo lrtânuag «Laùels Ilnktls fka Skeslboketg Zkvgaunogelrog fk Krekstg Nhk @ukvlrl´, lnnksojakke K^SLÜL ZGML= http=//krgm.gr`/ketkrg3>/otkb>.htb.



«Yofls ketrknruzlfls= Zonnlrfg @ulaoeg y yg´ pgr Agrkezg Skül 8

La IZLS eg sk ngesoùoþ (y hlstl nrkg quk eo soquokrl sk fkskþ) qukpkrtkeknokrl eoeùel gr`leozlnoþe pgaâtonl kxostketk, slavg ka `rupg fk Ìavlrkz fka Ylyg(ka aalblfg «Irketk ksplüga fk Aojkrlnoþe Elnogela´, IKAE), lfkbìs fka prgpog SNKba

y sus ngrrkls fk trlesbosoþe (gr`leozlnogeks fk blsls, ke eukstrl tkrboegag`âl, tlaksngbg al G^G, al I[FK y lsâ sunksovlbketk, quk sk eutrâle proenoplabketk fksobpltozletks g skbo-sobpltozletks fka plrtofg).

Hljalr fka `rupg fk Ìavlrkz fka Ylyg ks ke`lügsg, pufokefg nrkkr ka akntgr quksk trltljl tgflvâl fk ue vkrflfkrg `rupg. Nrkg quk ke kstk puetg ka rkaltg fk Zonnlrfg@ulaoeg ks kaâptong, puks fkml soe lnalrlr quk, ke rklaoflf, Ìavlrkz fka Ylyg kstljl sgag,tgtlabketk sgag, eg ngetlefg yl su egboela gr leozlnoþe bìs quk nge ue ýeongboaotletk, ka sgnolaostl lsturoleg Lajkrtg Ikreìefkz Jlyþe (<?<<-?6), rksofketk ke Slrâsk ofkgaþònlbketk fosnrkpletk fk tgfg ag prgbgvofg pgr ka SNKba, luequk, sgjrk kaplpka, lfhkrofg pgr al vokml rkalnoþe pkrsgela nge Ìavlrkz fka Ylyg.

@ulaoeg nrkk quk Ìavlrkz fka Ylyg iuk uel `rle ùrl fk al vofl pgaâtonlksplügal quk eg hl rknojofg ka rkngegnoboketg fkjofg. Al vkrflf ks quk yl ke kabgbketg ke quk sk nrkl ka ngbotï nggrfoelfgr prg-IZLS, ke kekrg fk <?0<, Ìavlrkzfka Ylyg krl ue pkrikntg fksngegnofg plrl nlso tgfg ka buefg, oenauykefg al blsl fknulfrgs fka prgpog SNKba. Hljâl sofg ue vokmg boaotletk sgnolaostl fka lal ozquokrfl(skùofgr, furletk ue tokbpg, fk al aâekl rlfonlaostl fk F. Irlenosng Alr`g Nljlaakrg).Furletk al ùkrrl fk Ksplül, iuk ke fgs bgbketgs boeostrg fk Kstlfg y sknuefþ alstksos fka prksofketk fka ngeskmg, Fr. Ek`râe. \ukfþ lsâ ao`lfl al sukrtk fk lbjgs,kxpuaslfgs fka S^GK pgng fkspuïs.

Ìavlrkz fka Ylyg qukrrì rkvovor al pgaâtonl ek`roeostl l ag alr`g fk ags lügs ;3y 93, pkrg soe ïxotg laùeg. _g ag trltï bunhg ke Slrâs, ke ags lügs <?90-03. Fufg qukgtrgs nlblrlfls ag hlyle trltlfg bìs quk yg. Krl ue hgbjrk fk `rlefks vortufks=pkrskvkrlenol, soenkroflf k oetk`roflf4 pkrg eg tkeâl vâenuag laùeg nge al rklaoflf fkKsplül4 nlrknâl eg sþag fk skùofgrks, soeg tlbjoïe fk prgpukstls y fk fgntroel, slavguels pgnls ofkls vl`ls y uel lfhksoþe oengefonogela la oekxtoeùojak gptobosbg.

Eo soquokrl rkprksketljl pgaâtonlbketk ag quk hujokrle pgfofg rkprksketlr agsrkstgs fka eluirlòg fka rkpujaonleosbg hostþrong, LZFK y ka `gjokreg fk al Zkpýjaonlke ka kxoaog, quk tkeâle su pkqukül rkf fk ngetlntgs ke ka oetkrogr y uel buy lbpaol ke

ka kxtkrogr (lsâ ngbg ka rkngegnoboketg gnola fk Bïxong). Ìavlrkz fka Ylyg nlrknâl fktgfg ksg. ^þag lpgrtljl ue egbjrk4 y krl ue egbjrk oègrlfg pgr tgfgs slavg uegspgngs ngegnkfgrks fk al hostgrol fk Ksplül.

Ke nuletg l sus bïrotgs oetkakntulaks, ags fksngegzng. Bk ngestl, pgr ka lsofugtrltg quk tuvk nge ïa, quk krl ue hgbjrk nuatg, quk hljaljl vlrogs ofogbls4 sï quk krlue lrtonuaostl lprknolfg ke [^L, fgefk ngaljgrljl ke Vhk Eltoge, rkvostl skblelaekgygrquoel. Oègrg so tgfg ksg jlstl plrl lrblr quk fka Ylyg hujokrl bkrknofg ueblygr rkngegnoboketg hostgrog`rìng g bkbgrolaâstong. Bk prkùetg nuìa iuk su plpkake al hostgrol fk als ofkls. Ke al fk ags hknhgs, eg nrkg quk su ùrl skl sujkstoblfl.:

:. L tâtuag fk hknhgs nuketle sþag als lnnogeks, als rklaozlnogeks, eg ags prgpþsotgs eo soquokrl prgjljakbketk als bkrlstketltovls g ags sobpaks lbl`gs.



«Yofls ketrknruzlfls= Zonnlrfg @ulaoeg y yg´ pgr Agrkezg Skül ?

Ygavokefg la IZLS, ag letkrogr soèonl quk eg hujg tla irketk. @ulaoeg lrblquk iuk uel lbpaol gr`leozlnoþe fk blsls quk ljlrnþ l boaks fk laolfgs. Ag nrkg (bkiâg pakelbketk ke su plaljrl, nlrknokefg, ngbg nlrkzng, fk fltgs plrl ngerblrag g

fksbketorag). Skrg uel lbpaol gr`leozlnoþe fk blsls eg ks ue Irketk, luequk sk aalbk«Irketk´.

Ke rklaoflf, eg sï ke quï ngesostoþ ka IZLS. ô krl uel gr`leozlnoþe l al nulask laoljle, forkntl k oefovofulabketk, sus bokbjrgs, ketokefg bla quk, l al vkz, iukrluel nglaonoþe g jagquk oetk`rlfg pgr ka SNKba bìs als gr`leozlnogeks fk blsls quk ïangetrgaljl (G^G, I[FK, ktn) muetg nge ka boeýsnuag pskufg-`rupg fk fka Ylyg. (Vlavkz hujg ke tgfg ksg uel lbjo`ñkflf, ngbg al hljrì fknkeogs fkspuïs ke Ozquokrfl

[eofl, al «igrblnoþe´ nrklfl pgr ka SNK ke ljroa fk <?89.)

·Nuìetg tokbpg kxostoþ ka IZLS7 @ulaoeg egs nuketl quk sk nrkþ ke uel

ngeikrkenol elnogela nkakjrlfl ke Slrâs ke <?0>-<<-:6 (skblels letks fk al gnnosoþe fkalaborletk Auos Nlrrkrg Jaleng). _ fkmþ fk kxostor pgr fknosoþe fka ngbotï kmknutovg fkaSNKba. Ygy l notlr ka tkxtg otlaoleg=

Sgng l pgng sslbbg al eugvl aoekl pgaotonl. Fknofkbbg oe probg aug`g fo ljjlefgelrkfkeotovlbketk ak lzogeo lrbltk. Al eugvl sotulzogek, nhk so leflvl prgalefg, ege akngesketovl. Fknofkbbg lenhk fo snogàokrk oa IZLS. Oa IZLS krl uel gr`leozzlzogek, uelstrutturl ngstruotl sua prgag fko irgeto fo aojkrlzogek elzogelak. A‟ksostkezl fo ue rkòbkilsnostl ngetrg oa qulak ngbjlttkrk krl ksskezolak pkr al sul ksostkezl. Krl a‟ueotã ngetrgoa ilsnosbg, a‟ueotã, ag sporotg ueotlrog letoilsnostl, a‟ueotã ngetrg al rkprkssogek k pkr akaojkrtã pgaotonhk, nhk ag òustonlvleg. Surk al sngbplrsl fo Muaog Lavlrkz fka Ylyg, nhkkrl lvvkeutl pgnho bkso probl, ag oefkjgaovl. Oa IZLS oegatrk, pur lvkefg ekaal pgaotonl

oa sug nkbketg, krl fkstoeltg eknksslrolbketk laa‟lzogek lrbltl. A‟lzogek lrbltl, al agttllrbltl ngetrg oa ilsnosbg krl ag sjgnng eknksslrog fkaal agttl fka IZLS. Fkvg l`òue`krkngbuequk nhk bgatk oenkrtkzzk `rlvlrgeg su qukstl snkatl. Oa IZLS lvkvl ue nlpotlak foprkstoòg. Fkvg fork pgo nhk al qukstogek fkaag snogàobketg fka IZLS ege iu g``kttg fouel fosnussogek ekaak al fkaa‟gr`leozzlzogek. Oa rotbg fkào lvvkeobketo no lvkvl ilttgpkrfkrk fo vostl al eknkssotã fo ngesuatlrk a‟gr`leozzlzogek k fo svga`krk uel lfkùltlfosnussogek lf gèo fknosogek igeflbketlak. Ege ag lvkvlbg ilttg qulefg oeluùrlbbgak lzogeo lrbltk. K ege ag ilnkbbg ekbbkeg qulefg fknofkbbg fo snogàokrk oa IZLS.Oa IZLS krl ue gr`leosbg vlstg, eka qulak fgvkvl bletkekrso uel fkbgnrlzol bgatglbpol. Ngbuequk fknofkbbg pkr ag snogàobketg fka IZLS k pkr al nrklzogek fkaalNgevkezogek Zkpujjaonlel.

Suks joke, F. Muaog Ìavlrkz fka Ylyg bukrk ke @oekjrl ka > fk blyg fk <?0;l ags 86 lügs fk kflf. [el fknosoþe lfgptlfl pgngs bksks fkspuïs tokek quk tgblrskke al probkrl botlf fka lüg <?09, g skl la ngbokezg fka lntula rkoelfg, quk sk oeonol ka:: fk egvokbjrk fk <?0;. Fk ag nula sk soùk quk ka IZLS qukfl fosukatg pgr fknosoþefka ngbotï kmknutovg fka SNKba ke ags probkrgs bksks fk <?09. Hljâl furlfg uegs fgslügs y bkfog, lprgxoblflbketk.

Al Ngevkenoþe Zkpujaonlel sk vl l nrklr gnolabketk ke blyg fk <?00. Ks,fksfk auk`g, buy vkrgsâboa quk sk hlyl tgblfg l ngbokezgs fk <?09 uel fknosoþe fklaolezl rkpujaonlel quk sk bltkrolaonk uegs <6 þ <; bksks fkspuïs.

Al kxtkesl notl fka tkxtg fk @ulaoeg quk hk rkprgfunofg susnotl prgjakbls fkigefg, eg lnkrnl fk su kxpgsonoþe ‖quk sk ltokek l uel rkàl fk rkaltlr hknhgsgjmktovlbketk‖, soeg lnkrnl fk al mustonlnoþe fk ksls sunksovls pgsturls fksfk al



«Yofls ketrknruzlfls= Zonnlrfg @ulaoeg y yg´ pgr Agrkezg Skül <3

ofkgag`âl blrxostl-akeoeostl fka SNKba g fksfk nulaquokr gtrl ngenkptulaozlnoþe rlnogelafk als tlrkls fk aunhl rkvgaunogelrol ke ksls sotulnogeks.>

\uoke kstg ksnrojk sokbprk hljâl sofg plrtoflrog, ke boegrâl fk l ueg, sokefg

bokbjrg fka ngbotï kmknutovg (hlstl blyg fk <?0:), prknoslbketk fk ue lbpaogketkefoboketg rkpujaonleg quk ljlrnlrl l ags rkpujaonlegs hostþrongs fk LZFK(kvofketkbketk quk sgjrk al jlsk fk gjmktovgs ngbueks, soe kxoòraks susnrojor eks qukkaags eg ngbplrtâle). Sgr gtrg alfg eo soquokrl tuvk quk gpgekrbk l eoe`ýe pale fklnnogeks lrblfls, yl quk elfok ag prgpusg.

Ke nulaquokr nlsg, ksl pgaâtonl fk <?09 krl ngrrkntl (ke ksgs fgs puetgs labkegs), pkrg hujokrl fkjofg lfgptlrsk letks, bunhg letks. Ke <?09-00 yl krl fkblsolfgtlrfk plrl quk pufokrl tkekr kikntovoflf.

Ka tkxtg notlfg vokek l ngerblr, uel vkz bìs, eg yl ka lutgrotlrosbg fk al

forknnoþe fka plrtofg ke ksk fknkeog <?0:-8: (quozì oekvotljak, la bkegs la ngbokezg),soeg, sgjrk tgfg, ka ltgagefrlboketg, al pkrpakmoflf, ags plags fk nok`g ke tkbls buyskrogs, nge `rlvâsobls fknosogeks quk jrusnlbketk sk lfgptle ngbg pgr oetuonoþe gnlpronhg fk laùoke. Al rkspgesljoaoflf fk tlaks prknopotlnogeks y vgatkrktls ·ksngbplrtofl g pukfk pkrsgelaozlrsk7 Zonnlrfg @ulaoeg egs fl als nalvks4 pkrg ks bkmgrquk ka akntgr fk kstl rkskül rkplsk ltketlbketk als pìòels fk su aojrg plrl slnlr susprgpols ngenausogeks la rkspkntg.

Hljrâl quk l`rk`lr l ksl skrok fk zo`zl`s ags quk sk rkkrke l Lajleol, Nhoely ka pkeslboketg fk Blg Vsk-tue`. Ke kstk lplrtlfg knhg ke ilatl ke ka tkxtg fk

Zonnlrfg @ulaoeg uel bkenoþe fka vorlmk fka SNKba ke ka OOO pakeg lbpaolfg fka ngbotïnketrla ke ka gtgüg fk <?08 (yl ke vâspkrls fka pakjosnotg ngestotunogela ke Ksplül).Hlstl ksk bgbketg ka pkeslboketg fk Blg krl fgntroel gnola fka SNKba4 fk rkpketkfkmþ fk skrag.

§0. Ngenausoþe

Als skülalfls oesunokenols eg ak quotle ke ljsgautg oetkrïs la lplsogeletk aojrgfk Zonnlrfg @ulaoeg, quk ‖aakeg fk oeigrblnoþe quk elfok bìs hl girknofg la pýjaong‖fkjkrâl skr akâfg nge liìe, fk nljg l rljg, pgr nulaquokrl quk eg prkkrl bletkekrsk keal oègrlenol nge rkalnoþe la sujsukag pgaâtong ksplüga fka alr`g pkrâgfg fk su boaotlenolke ka blrxosbg-akeoeosbg hospleg (<?9>-8:).

Ngenauorï, soe kbjlr`g, bo rknkesoþe nge nultrg lpuetks nrâtongs. Ka probkrg ksal ksnlskz fk oeigrblnoþe ofkgaþònl. ^k egs nuketl, pgr kmkbpag, al nkakjrlnoþe fka Onge`rksg (quk tokek au`lr ke Ylrksk ke ljroa fk <?0> y quk ks gr`leozlfg pgr ka prgpog@ulaoeg) soe fknor nuìaks iukrge als pgekenols prksketlfls, nuìaks ags oeigrbks, nuìaksags ngetkeofgs lfgptlfgs, nuìaks ags fkjltks, so ks quk ags hujg.

>. La lrùbketg quk lfunk ka rotbg fk ags lngetknoboketgs hly quk gjmktlrak quk ksgs lngetknoboketgs krle pkrikntlbketkprkvosojaks y hujokrle fkjofg prkvkrsk. Al obprkvosoþe robljl nge al obprgvoslnoþe, fkskbjgnlefg ke ksls poruktls. Al tlrfâlrkntoionlnoþe fk <?09-00 yl eg pufg rkplrlr ka flüg fk ags krrgrks fk <?0>-09.



«Yofls ketrknruzlfls= Zonnlrfg @ulaoeg y yg´ pgr Agrkezg Skül <<

Nulefg @ulaoeg bkenogel als foskesogeks y fosofkenols fk Lakmlefrg Foz(Ikaopk) y bunhâsobgs gtrgs ke <?09, fk Ykelenog y sus lbo`gs ke <?8<, fk MuaogBgrkfl (Mgr`k @lrnâl Slalnogs) ‖la plrknkr yl ke <?8:‖, sþag nlrlntkrozl sgbkrlbketk

tlaks pgsonogelboketgs ngbg fk fkrknhl, pkrg soe kxpgekr sus prgpukstls latkreltovls,sus lrùbketgs, eo als gjmknogeks quk sk aks pufokrle igrbualr eo ags fkjltks tkþrong-pgaâtongs.

Ks bìs, @ulaoeg skrì lsnkefofg la sknrktlrolfg fka ngbotï nketrla ke ka vkrlegfk <?08, pkrbleknokefg ke ksk pukstg nkrnl fk trks lügs4 l al vkz iuk ueg fk agsrkflntgrks fk Yleùlrfol Gjrkrl, kspknolaozìefgsk ke tkbls oetkrelnogelaks. Elfl egsfonk fk ags fkjltks pgaâtongs ke ksk pkrâgfg ke quk kstuvg ke ka bìxobg ksnlaþe (luequkyl skr bokbjrg fka kmknutovg, ngbg ag krl fksfk <?0>, obpaonljl uel pgsonoþe forkntovlbuy pgtketk). Vlbpgng egs fonk elfl fk sus prgpogs lrtânuags, fk quï tkbls trltþ, fkquï tksos sgstuvg.

Bo skùefg lpuetk nrâtong ks quk ka obpkrolaosbg ylequo sk fksvleknk. L furlspkels sk ketkrlrì ka akntgr pgr kstk aojrg fk quk iuk uel skül fk ofketoflf fka SNKba alaunhl, eg sþag pgr fkrrojlr ka pgfkr fk al gao`lrquâl elenokrl y tkrrltkeoketk, soegtlbjoïe pgr knhlr fk Ksplül la obpkrolaosbg ylequo (ngbjltokefg su suprkblnâlpgaâtonl, boaotlr y kngeþbonl). ^þag hk hlaalfg uel bkenoþe= la kxpgekrsk ags skos puetgsprg`rlbìtongs fka ngbotï nggrfoelfgr prg-IZLS, fk kekrg fk <?0<, sk notl ka probkrg,quk krl fkrrojlr l al fontlfurl ilsnostl y lrrgmlr la obpkrolaosbg kstlfgueofkesk bkfoletkal aunhl rkvgaunogelrol.

Lhgrl joke, ksk ngetkeofg ofkgaþòng-pgaâtong krl ljsgautlbketk nketrla, puksvkeâl ueofg l al fosnrkplenol ketrk ka SNKba y als gr`leozlnogeks fk soèg bìs g bkegstrgsquostozletk, l al nlrlntkrozlnoþe fk al sgnokflf ksplügal, l al vosoþe fk als ktlpls fkal rkvgaunoþe y l al borlfl sgjrk al rklaoflf oetkrelnogela.

Bo tkrnkr lpuetk ks quk ka tâtuag fk al gjrl ks ke`lügsg. La plrknkr, iuk kapujaonlfgr ka quk sk kbpküþ ke ngagnlr ngbg tâtuag al soàl «IZLS´4 ka bleusnrotg fk@ulaoeg sk totualjl «[el tkbpgrlfl ke Ksplül´. ôkefg ka aojrg uel lutgjog`rliâlpgaâtonl, quk sk kxtokefk pgr ka lrng tkbpgrla fk <?9: l <?8:, y rkaltìefgsk ke ïa allntovoflf boaotletk y forkntovl fk su lutgr ke ka SNKba ‖fk <?96 l <?8: (nge ueoetkrvlag fk trks lügs, <?98-0<)‖, rksuatl oelfknulfg pgekrak ngbg fkegboelnoþe al fk

uel gr`leozlnoþe fkrovlfl y nornuestlenola, quk furþ bkegs fk trks lügs y quk euenlvoeg ngenkjofl bìs quk ngbg ue oestrubketg buatopaonlfgr fka prgpog SNKba.

Bo nulrtg y ýatobg lpuetk ngesostk ke bo fkslnukrfg nge al tksos fk @ulaoeg fkquk iuobgs fkrrgtlfgs. ^k`ýe ïa ag iuk ka SNKba y ag iuk ka bgvoboketg ngbueostloetkrelnogela ke `kekrla.

Eg ngbplrtg ksl gpoeoþe. Slrl lrblr quk ka ngbueosbg iuk fkrrgtlfg hly qukvkr quï sk prgpgeâl y ke quï bkfofl ksg quk sk prgpgeâl sk hl ngeskùofg g eg.Srgpgeâlsk, fksfk bunhg letks fka elnoboketg fk Nlrags Blrx (fo`lbgs quk fksfk alngemurlnoþe fk ags oùlaks fk @rlng Jljkui fk <0?9), uel sgnokflf fgefk ‖ke plaljrls

fk Blrx‖ roòkrl ka proenopog fk oùlaflf= «fk nlfl quoke sk`ýe su nlplnoflf, l nlfl



«Yofls ketrknruzlfls= Zonnlrfg @ulaoeg y yg´ pgr Agrkezg Skül <:

quoke sk`ýe su eknksoflf´. Slrl ksg ngesofkrljl bkfogs eknkslrogs lnljlr nge alprgpokflf provlfl y al kngegbâl fk bkrnlfg.6

·Nuìetg sk prlntonljl ke <0?9 ka proenopog fk oùlaflf ke ka palektl Vokrrl7

·Nuìetg sk prlntonl hgy7 ·Kstlbgs bìs akmgs g bìs nkrnl7 ·Eg hly hgy bìs pkesogeks(lsostkenolaks g ngetrojutovls), lsostkenol sleotlrol, oestlalnogeks rknrkltovls y kfunltovls‖als uels `rltos y als gtrls nge prknogs lskquojaks y sujvkenogelfgs7 ·Eg kxostke, kebunhgs plâsks, pknuaogs fk oeskrnoþe y fk fkskbpakg, prkstlnogeks ilboaolrks, trlespgrtkpýjaong, jknls, sgngrrgs, sujsofogs, lyufls7 ·Eg sk hl lvlezlfg (nge rkalnoþe l <0?9,g so sk quokrk l <8?9) ke akòsalnoþe aljgrla y bkfog-lbjoketla, fkrknhgs fka ngesubo-fgr, sleklboketg, ljlstknoboketg, jokeks pýjaongs, lsostkenol l fosnlplnotlfgs7 _ ·egrkfuefl tgfg ksg ke quk sk lpaoquk ue pgquotg bìs quk letks ka proenopog fk oùlaflf7

·Nge quï sk suirl`le ksls prkstlnogeks7 Sgfkbgs ngbplrlr ka sostkbl trojutlrog

fk hgy nge ka fk hlnk noeng, skos g soktk `kekrlnogeks. ôkefg oemustg ka quk tkekbgs (yplfknoïefgsk prksogeks y tkefkenols oevgautovls), ks bìs mustg quk ka fk :> þ 6> austrgsltrìs4 sk hle flfg plsgs lfkaletk ke ka sketofg fk quk sk kxoml fk nlfl nula sk`ýe sunlplnoflf.

ô fk ag letkrogr sk soùk quk hgy kstlbgs bìs nkrnl (g bkegs akmgs) fk quk sklpaoquk ue proenopog rkfostrojutovg sk`ýe als eknksoflfks y fk kxo`kenol sk`ýe alsnlplnoflfks, tlbjoïe sk hl lvlezlfg ke ka bkfog ofklfg pgr ka ngbueosbg= al prgpokflfngbýe (gpnoþe quk iueflbketl prknoslbketk su fkegboelnoþe). ·Nuìetl prgpokflfpýjaonl hljâl ke <0?97 ·Nuìetl ke <8?97 _ ·nuìetl hgy7 ·Eg ks vkrflf quklntulabketk ks bìs lbpaol, puks ljlrnl l bkeufg oestlalnogeks fk slavlbketg,fospkeslrogs, rkiuògs, nlsls fk lngòfl, plrquks, zgels fk ksplrnoboketg, gjrls pýjaonls,lanletlroaals, ngefunnogeks, buskgs, jojaogtknls, lrnhovgs, plalnogs fk nge`rksgs, nlslsfk al nuaturl ‖tgfg ag nula ks lnnksojak la pýjaong ke ngefonogeks quk eg sge als fkabkrnlfg (eg sge lpaonlnogeks fka proenopog «l nlfl quoke sk`ýe su foekrg´)7

Lsobosbg ‖l pkslr fk al oevgaunoþe quk sk oeonol ke <?0;‖ kxostk g pkrsostk ueskntgr pýjaong fk al kngegbâl, `rlnols l nuyg grknoboketg iuk pgsojak al `rle kxplesoþeprksuetlbketk nlpotlaostl fk ags lügs <?6;-0;. Lhgrl (trls al fkbgaonoþe fka sostkblsgvoïtong ke Zusol) sk hl vukatg ltrìs, pkrg ligrtuelflbketk eg fka tgfg. [e kstufogpgrbkegrozlfg prgjlrâl quk, so la`g rksostk l al lntula nrosos fk supkrprgfunnoþe, ks

`rlnols l ksk skntgr pýjaong, luequk al gao`lrquâl elenokrl sk kbpkül ke fkstruorag.ô fk ksgs bkfogs proenoplaks plslbgs l ags bkfogs fkrovlfgs, ka bgvoboketg

ngbueostl kbprkefoþ al aunhl ngetrl al ùkrrl, ka ilsnosbg, ka rlnosbg, ka ngageolaosbg,ka obpkrolaosbg y al suprkblnâl blsnuaoel. ·Eg hl hljofg ag`rgs ke ksgs irketks7·Kstlbgs pkgr quk ke <8?9, pkgr quk ke <0?97

6. ^k bk gjmktlrì quk kstgy hljalefg fka ngbueosbg ke ue sketofg ljstrlntg, ka fk ue ofkla ngbueostl ngbg ue fksofkrltub

fk prgpokflf ngbýe quk vokek fk Vgbìs Bgrg y Nlbplekaal, plslefg pgr Bljay y Jljkui plrl fkskbjgnlr ke Blrx. ôekbjlr`g pokesg quk nge Jljkui tkekbgs uel fkblrnlnoþe= ags letkrogrks ljg`ljle pgr ka ngbueosbg soe prgbgvkr eoe`ýe

bgvoboketg pgaâtong fk blsls plrl kstljaknkrag. Iuk Jljkui ka probkrg quk ag hozg. Ke pgs fk ïa vkefrìe bunhgs. Ka lu`k fkal tkgrâl blrxostl l ioeks fka soàg XOX knaopsþ l ags fkbìs (laùegs fk ags nulaks eg lfgptlrge ka nlaoionltovg «ngbueosbg´ soegka fk «sgnolaosbg´ quk yl ketgenks sgeljl bkegs rlfonla). Ke al Ngbuel plrosoel fk <80< tgflvâl ka blrxosbg krl ueltkefkenol ketrk gtrls bunhls.

lorenzo peña: vidas entrecruzadas - riccardo gualino y yo

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