LOPHOPHORATES AND SMALLER ECDYSOZOA

CHAPTER 17-19

CYCLIOPHORA

PHYLUM CYCLIOPHORA▸ discovered in 1995 ▸ acoelomate ▸ life cycle with sexual and asexual phases

CYCLIOPHORA

▸ complex life cycle ▸ internal and external

budding ▸ asexual and sexual ▸ sessile and motile

Obs

t, F

unch

(20

03)

CYCLIOPHORA

▸ complex life cycle ▸ internal and external

budding ▸ asexual and sexual ▸ sessile and motile

internal bud

malemale

prometheus larva

prometheus larva

buccal funnel

prometheus larva

Obs

t, F

unch

, Kri

sten

sen

(200

5)

CYCLIOPHORA

▸ complex life cycle ▸ internal and external

budding ▸ asexual and sexual ▸ sessile and motile

Obs

t, F

unch

, Kri

sten

sen

(200

5)

stalk

adhesive disc

m1m2

chordoid larva

anus

feeding stage

prometheus larva

BRYOZOANS

▸ Phylum Entoprocta ▸ pseudocoelomate ▸ complete GI ▸ mostly marine ▸ protonephridia ▸ ciliary feeders -- tentacles

with cilia ▸ Phylum Ectoprocta

▸ eucoelomate ▸ complete GI ▸ bryozoans (moss animals) ▸ mostly sessile, marine or

freshwater ▸ ciliary feeders -- lophophore

LOPHOTROCHOZOA

▸ Phylum Brachiopoda ▸ feed with lophophore arms ▸ attached to substrate by

pedicel ▸ bivalve

Lophophore

poriferaeumetazoa

bilateria

cnidaria ctenophora

deuterostomiaprotostomia

lophotrochozoa

ecdysozoahemichordata echinodermata

chordata

gnathifera

gastrotricha

platyhelminthes nemerteagnathostomulida

rotifera acanthocephala

entoprocta

ectoprocta

mollusca

annelida

nematanematomorpha

tardigrada

arthropoda

onychophora

panarthropoda

acoela

root

ECDYSOZOA

▸ Phylum Priapulida ▸ body composed of introvert, trunk,

caudal appendages ▸ chitinous cuticle

▸ specialized urogenital organs (with solenocytes) - dioecious

▸ scalids surround mouth

pharynx

mouth

introvert

retractor muscles

intestine

urogenital organ

caudal appendage

ECDYSOZOA

▸ Phylum Kinorhyncha ▸ pseudocoelomate ▸ scalids ▸ dioecious

ECDYSOZOA

▸ phylum loricifera ▸ sediment living ▸ up to 3000m deep in

ocean ▸ anaerobic -

hydrogenosomes ▸ scalids similar to

kinorhyncha ▸ Higgins larva

Higgins larva

mouth

scalids

testis

anus

lorica

ECDYSOZOA

▸ Phylogeny and Adaptive Radiation