looking for energy savings in all the right places - eric oliver
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EMO Energy Solutions Eric M. Oliver, PE, CEM, LEED-AP President Looking for Energy Savings In All The Right PlacesTRANSCRIPT
Eric Oliver, PE, CEM, LEEDAP
PresidentEMO Energy Solutions, LLC
www.emoenergy.com
March 3, 2009
Energy Efficiency Overview
US Dept of Energy CBECS
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An analysis of office buildings that have earned the Energy Star label show that they cost $1.20 per sq ft to operate, compared with an average U.S. office building that operates at about $2.00 per sq ft.
• Savings of $160,000/year for 200,000 ft2 office building
Most packaged Energy Upgrades will have a Simple payback of 4-6 years for the investment cost
• Equivalent to a 20% IRR
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Inside the meter…
End Use Consumption for Commercial Buildings (1989)
Ventilation5%Cooling
13%Water Heating
8%
Lighting17%
Space Heating33%
Other18%
Office Equipment
6%
For Design of New Buildings-Energy Modeling
Tool for smart, energy efficient design
Predicts energy consumption of building every hour
Uses basic engineering/heat flow/power equations Conduction through walls/roof Solar gain through windows Calculation of all internal heat gains Thermal mass/time lag
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For Existing Buildings – Perform an Energy Audit
1. Utility Consumption analysis2. Energy survey by qualified professionals3. Identification of opportunities4. Development of Energy Conservation
Measures and Audit Report5. Life Cycle Costs and Benefits6. Energy Awareness presentation
Develop Energy Conservation Measures (ECMs)
Three-stage upgrade process
Stage 1: Minimize Building LoadsStage 2: Improve System
EffectivenessStage 3: Optimize Resource Delivery
1. Minimize Building LoadsThis Includes:
• Improve building envelope (R-value, heat gain/loss)
• Reduce Internal Heat Gains
• Lighting power density (W/sqft) & usage
• Equipment power density (W/sqft) & usage
• Reduce Infiltration
2. Improve System Effectiveness• Air Distribution• Cooling• Heating• Heat Recovery
• Direct Digital Controls
• Electrical Systems• Service Hot Water• Process Systems
3. Optimize Resource Delivery• Incorporate renewable energy technologies
• Incorporate energy storage techniques
• Investigate cogeneration
Building Envelope• Improve Wall & Roof
Construction• Insulation levels• Surface absorption• Thermal mass
• Improve Windows• Double Glazing or storm
windows• Low-e coatings• Spectrally selective coatings• Utilize shading techniques
• Block solar penetration during the cooling season
• Allow solar gain during the heating season
Lighting TechnologySystem Efficacy
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
LED
Low Pressure Sodium
High Pressure Sodium
Metal Halide
T5 Fluorescent
T8 Fluorescent
T12 Fluorescent
Incandescent
lumens/ Watt
Air Distribution Variable Air Volume Energy Savings
Constant volume1250 cfm1250 cfm1250 cfm
Supply3750 cfm
Variable volume450 cfm1050 cfm650 cfm
Supply2150 cfm
SP
VSD
CoolingSpot, window, air-cooled – typically 1.0 – 1.5 kW/ton
• Chillers (30-tons +)• Before 1990: 0.9 kW/ton• 1990-1995: 0.7 – 0.9 kW/ton• New HE: 0.4 - 0.6 kW/ton
Heating• Standard existing :
60% efficient 40% wasted energy
• Standard new: 80% efficient
• Energy efficient: up to 95% efficiency
• Pulse condensing steam boilers
• Pre-heat combustion air
• Insulated tanks and pipes
• Efficient burners
Ground Source Heat Pumps• Closed loop pipes
buried underground to transfer heat
• Water loop heat pumps provide cooling or
heating inside the building• 40% to 60% less energy than chiller/boiler
system
Heat Recovery Strategies• Air/air heat exchangers
• Flat plate• Enthalpy wheels
• Not to be used for lab exhaust
• Transfer heat & humidity between exhaust/supply
• Air/water heat exchangers• Run-around coil loops
• No cross contamination• Heat pipes
Ways to Save Energy• Unoccupied Settings• Lighting schedules• Chiller optimization• “Enthalpy Control”• Boiler optimization• Smart controls
Enthalpy - measure of combination of temperature and humidity of air
Summer Temperature Setpoint
697071
7273747576
777879
time (hour)
Tem
pera
ture
(deg
F)
www.emoenergy.com 21
Brand Power Output Warranty Retail Price System Cost
Siemens Solar 63W per panel 25 years $436 / panel 30.1 cents/kWh
BP Solar 75W per panel 20 years $499 / panel 34.2 cents/kWh
AstroPower 75W per panel 20 years $400 / panel 29.7 cents/kWh
• Solar cells are one of the most environmentally safe ways of generating electricity
• Installing a 1 kW photovoltaic system reduces CO2 by over 2600 lbs annually
• Prices are expected to decrease significantly as manufacturing techniques improve
Wind Power• Where is there good wind?
Energy Tax Credits• Solar and Wind power:
• 30% tax credit of installed costs (no limits in new bill)• New building energy efficiency credit:
– $1.80/ft2 if Whole building is 50% more efficient than basecase based on Energy Model
– Partial credits for building subsystems (Lighting, HVAC and Hot Water, or Building Shell)
• Existing building energy efficiency credit:– $1.80/ft2 if Lighting, or HVAC and Hot Water, or
Building Shell is retrofit or replaced with a new system that is 50% more efficient than allowable by ASHRAE 90.1-2001.
– Lighting is retrofit or replaced with a new lighting system that is 25% more efficient than allowable by ASHRAE 90.1-2001.
Existing Building Energy Upgrade Project
Description First Cost Annual Savings
Payback
Lighting Upgrade $65,000 $21,000 3.1 yr
Install programmable thermostats
$12,000 $8,500 1.4 yr
Chiller Replacement $95,000 $27,000 3.5 yr
Improve Boiler Combustion efficiency
$1,500 $2,000 0.8 yr
Insulate hot water pipes $3,000 $500 6.0 yr
Install door thresholds $450 $140 3.2 yr
Install Variable Speed Drives on fans
$24,500 $9,500 2.6 yr
Replace standard efficiency motors for chilled water pumping
$2,300 $550 6.2 yr
* Install 10 kW photovoltaic array
$40,000 $1,600 25.0 yr
Total $243,750 $70,790 3.4 yr
* with tax credits
Thank you!
Eric Oliver, PE, CEM, LEEDAP, PresidentEMO Energy Solutions, LLC
www.emoenergy.com
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