looking ahead (1/2)

Feb 5, 8, 11, 13: Learn about life in the ghettosFeb 5, 8, 11, 13: Learn about life in the ghettos

Feb 14: Research & learn about the film Feb 14: Research & learn about the film The The PianistPianist

Feb 18, 19, 21: Feb 18, 19, 21: The PianistThe Pianist

Feb 22: Discuss film & QuizFeb 22: Discuss film & Quiz

Looking Ahead (1/2)Looking Ahead (1/2)

Feb 7, 11, 12, 14: Learn about life in the Feb 7, 11, 12, 14: Learn about life in the ghettosghettos





Feb 5, 7, 8, 12: Learn about life in the ghettosFeb 5, 7, 8, 12: Learn about life in the ghettos





KristallnachtKristallnacht

Survivor TestimonySurvivor Testimony

Video ClipsVideo Clips

HomeworkHomework

Read Leni Hoffman’s testimony & attached Read Leni Hoffman’s testimony & attached Kristallnacht readingKristallnacht reading

Answer the writing prompt on the back of Answer the writing prompt on the back of the the KristallnachtKristallnacht definition. definition.

Hermann GoeringHermann Goering

WWI Pilot & HeroWWI Pilot & Hero

Head of the SAHead of the SA– Wounded in Beer Hall PutschWounded in Beer Hall Putsch– Addicted to MorphineAddicted to Morphine

Hermann GoeringHermann Goering

Created the GestapoCreated the Gestapo

Created first concentration Created first concentration campcamp

Ran the Night of the Long Ran the Night of the Long KnivesKnives

Successor to AHSuccessor to AH

Ordered the “Final Solution”Ordered the “Final Solution”

GestapoGestapo

Geheime StaatspolizeiGeheime Staatspolizei– Secret State PoliceSecret State Police

Oppressed Germans who opposed NazisOppressed Germans who opposed Nazis

Central role in Final SolutionCentral role in Final Solution

Above the LawAbove the Law

RhinelandRhineland

““Buffer Zone” between France & GermanyBuffer Zone” between France & Germany

TOV = Rhineland must not have any TOV = Rhineland must not have any militarymilitary

France: too politically unstableFrance: too politically unstable

Great Britain: Germany almost deserved Great Britain: Germany almost deserved to take it backto take it back

Himmler and TerrorHimmler and Terror

Key questions:Key questions:

How did Heinrich Himmler rise to power?How did Heinrich Himmler rise to power?

What was the role of the SS-Gestapo?What was the role of the SS-Gestapo?

How ‘omniscient, omnipotent and How ‘omniscient, omnipotent and omnipresent’ was the Gestapo?omnipresent’ was the Gestapo?

How important was ‘terror’ to the Nazi How important was ‘terror’ to the Nazi regime?regime?

Rise to power within Nazi PartyRise to power within Nazi Party

‘‘the most colourless personality in the Nazi inner circle’ the most colourless personality in the Nazi inner circle’ ‘‘a shrewd practitioner of power with an eye to the main chance’a shrewd practitioner of power with an eye to the main chance’

‘‘more sinister than Hitler himself’more sinister than Hitler himself’‘‘half crank, half schoolmaster’half crank, half schoolmaster’

1918: Joined German army but failed to see any fighting.1918: Joined German army but failed to see any fighting.

After the war, he became an agricultural student and briefly a After the war, he became an agricultural student and briefly a poultry farmer in Bavaria before joining the NSDAP in 1923. poultry farmer in Bavaria before joining the NSDAP in 1923.

He dreamt of a master race - an Aryan Herrenvolk personified He dreamt of a master race - an Aryan Herrenvolk personified by the early recruits of the SS.by the early recruits of the SS.

1923 – took part in the failed Munich Putsch.1923 – took part in the failed Munich Putsch.

1925: Joined SS Schutzstaffel. 120 men of absolute loyalty and 1925: Joined SS Schutzstaffel. 120 men of absolute loyalty and obedience to Hitler. In 1929, Himmler becomes commander of obedience to Hitler. In 1929, Himmler becomes commander of SS or SS or Reichsführer-SS Reichsführer-SS , but still a relatively small organisation , but still a relatively small organisation

with only 300 members.with only 300 members.

Growth of SSGrowth of SS

In 1930, Himmler appointed a young naval lieutenant, In 1930, Himmler appointed a young naval lieutenant, Reinhard Heydrich as head of a new intelligence unit of Reinhard Heydrich as head of a new intelligence unit of

the SS, known as the SD.the SS, known as the SD.

Heydrich was to become an important architect of he Heydrich was to become an important architect of he Holocaust – he has been described as the ‘blond beast’, a Holocaust – he has been described as the ‘blond beast’, a ‘young evil god of death’ and ‘der Hanker’ (the hangman).‘young evil god of death’ and ‘der Hanker’ (the hangman).

Heydrich was intelligent, ruthlessly ambitious and in many Heydrich was intelligent, ruthlessly ambitious and in many respects the brains behind the later development of the respects the brains behind the later development of the

SS.SS.

By 1931, the SS had grown into an organisation of 10,000 By 1931, the SS had grown into an organisation of 10,000 men and by 1933 52,000 men.men and by 1933 52,000 men.

The SS-GestapoThe SS-Gestapo

March 1933: Himmler became March 1933: Himmler became President President of Police in Munichof Police in Munich and established a and established a model camp in Dachau. He appointed model camp in Dachau. He appointed

Theodore Eicke to be the first commandant Theodore Eicke to be the first commandant of the model camp. Later Eicke was to of the model camp. Later Eicke was to

supervise the multiplying network of terror supervise the multiplying network of terror camps across Germany and Eastern camps across Germany and Eastern

Europe.Europe.

April 1933: Himmler became police commander for the whole of Bavaria, the second largest German state.

April 1934: Himmler successfully exploited a turf war between Goering, the effective head of Prussia, and William Frick, Minister of the Interior for the whole of Germany, to become head of the Prussian Gestapo (Secret State Police).

Heinrich HimmlerHeinrich Himmler1900-19451900-1945

A man often seen as the very A man often seen as the very personification of evil. Heinrich personification of evil. Heinrich Himmler was not only head of Hitler's Himmler was not only head of Hitler's SS police, but was also in charge of SS police, but was also in charge of the death camps in the East.the death camps in the East.

Although Adolf Hitler held the ultimate Although Adolf Hitler held the ultimate responsibility for what became the responsibility for what became the Holocaust, it was Heinrich Himmler Holocaust, it was Heinrich Himmler who essentially laid the plans and who essentially laid the plans and devised the schemes that led to the devised the schemes that led to the killings of six million Jews.killings of six million Jews.

SS and SASS and SA

The SS remained officially under control of the SA. Its absolute loyalty to the The SS remained officially under control of the SA. Its absolute loyalty to the Fuhrer made it the natural choice to carry out the Night of the Long Knives. Fuhrer made it the natural choice to carry out the Night of the Long Knives.

Himmler himself was a key figure in the Night of the Long Knives. Himmler himself was a key figure in the Night of the Long Knives.

He said later:He said later:

‘‘On 30On 30thth June 1934 we did not hesitate to do the duty laid down for us and put June 1934 we did not hesitate to do the duty laid down for us and put guilty friends up against the wall and shoot them…we didn’t talk about it among guilty friends up against the wall and shoot them…we didn’t talk about it among ourselves…Each of us found it appalling yet we are all sure that if such orders ourselves…Each of us found it appalling yet we are all sure that if such orders

were necessary again, we would carry them out as we did then.’were necessary again, we would carry them out as we did then.’

In reward for its loyalty and brutal efficiency, the SS became an independent organisation within the party

Himmer was in charge

Reichfuhrer-SS

The SS StateThe SS StateIn 1936 all police powers were In 1936 all police powers were

unified under Himmler’s unified under Himmler’s control as Chief of German control as Chief of German

Police.Police.

Himmler was therefore in Himmler was therefore in charge of a huge police-terror charge of a huge police-terror

network.network.

Reinhard HeydrichReinhard Heydrich

Reinhard Heydrich was one of Hitler's Reinhard Heydrich was one of Hitler's most ruthless Nazis and second in most ruthless Nazis and second in importance only to Heinrich Himmler in importance only to Heinrich Himmler in the Nazi SS organization and the the Nazi SS organization and the principle planner of the Final Solution. principle planner of the Final Solution. There was even talk of his one day There was even talk of his one day succeeding Adolf Hitler.succeeding Adolf Hitler.

looking ahead (1/2)

Documents

commander of ss

ss schutzstaffel

film quizlooking

heinrich himmler

nazi partythe

nazi regime

reinhard heydrich

police commander