longnow 16 jan 09
TRANSCRIPT
The Long Now Foundation : January 02009
Climate Change RecalculatedSaul Griffith.Makanipower.comWattzon.com
Would you prefer a glass of wine every evening, or an annual business trip?
would you prefer your taxes spent on schools or roads?
would you prefer a hot shower every day or eating meat?
you have heard about...
climate change
you have heard about...
carbon footprint
you have heard about...
energy independence
let us have a look at these things as though:
we are reconciling the short term us...
with the 10000 year future of us...
and hopefully we'll answer two questions...
how do your personal actions effect climate?
can there be a global solution for climate change?
a big pile of numbers to show you that...
climate change and energy issues are aesthetic issues.
what is a quality life?
Two stories : one global, one personal.
HOW MUCH POWERDO I USE?
Energy is measured in Joules (J)
Lifting an apple from the ground to the table. ~ 1 Joule
Lifting one apple from the ground to the table each second. ~ 1 Watt.
Power is measured in Watts (W). 1 Watt = 1 Joule / second
40 apples per second from the ground to the table = 40 Watts.
Running this Apple laptop takes 40 Watts.
100 W = You, sitting there, reading.
1000 W 1kW = Domestic kettle 1 kilowatt (kW) = 1000 W
1000000 W 1MW = Diesel locomotive / wind turbine. 1 megawatt (MW) = 1000 kW
1000000000 W 1GW = Hoover dam 1 gigawatt (GW) = 1000 MW
1000000000000 W 1TW = World power consumption, 1890 1 terawatt (TW) = 1000 GW
Power
A 12,000 Watt lifestyle is 120 x 100 watt light bulbs burning permanently.( Or 920 Compact Fluorescents )
100W
"Watts per always" - your life in light bulbs.
Yearly things + Monthly things + Daily things = your lifestyle in watts.
Why watts ?
Allows you to compare activities on different timescales.
Allows you to consider non-carbon effects of using so much power.
168,207 kilometers
1 year� �
� �
� �
1 year
31,536,000 seconds
1.40 megajoules
1 kilometer� 7,462
Joules
second=
=
7,462 Watts
122 kilowatt ·hours
1 month
1 month
2,952,000 seconds
3.6 megajoules
1 kilowatt · hour170
Joules
second170 Watts
1 energy drink
1 day
1 day
86,400 seconds
7.84 megajoules
1 bottle90
Joulessecond 90 Watts=
If you do something yearly (like fly 105,000 miles), it contributes:
If you do something monthly (like your electricity bill), it contributes:
If you do something daily (like drink 1 Energy drink), it contributes:
�
�
Flight
Saul Griffith in 2007: 112,000 Miles7,992 Watts equivalent. 18.500 kg CO2
1200 Mi/yrToyota Tacoma18 mpg66.67 gallons spent8,066,666,667 J255.62 Watts
Driving10,000 Miles1,500 Watts
San Francisco
Seattle
Chicago New York
Atlanta
Jacksonville
Key West
Tucson
San Diego
1000 Mi/yrDune Buggy (VW)25 mpg40 gallons spent4,840,000,000 J153.37 Watts
Boston
4500 Mi/yrHonda Insight55 mpg81.82 gallons spent9,900,000,000 J313.71 Watts
600 Mi/yrSprinter Diesel20 mpg30 gallons spent4,128,000,000 J130.81 Watts
700 Mi/yrToyota Hilux17 mpg41.18 gallons spent4,982,352,941 J157.88 Watts
2000 Mi/yrother (avg. rental)16 mpg125 gallons spent15,125,000,000 J479.28 Watts
Domestic energy consumption 2 person stand alone house, 2br, Mission District, SF.
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
JAN
UA
RY
FEB
RU
ARY
MA
RCH
APR
IL
MAY
JUN
E
JULY
AU
GU
ST
SEP
TEM
BER
OC
TOB
ER
NO
VEM
BER
DEC
EMB
ER
Home Gas and Electric breakdown625W
GAS showerGAS cookingGAS heatELEC fridgeELEC computerELEC toothbrushELEC phone chargersELEC laptop1ELEC laptop2ELEC stereoELEC lights&other
0
250
500
750
1000
1250
Jan feb mar apr may jun jul aug sep oct nov dec
Work Power Consumption... 18,400² Foot Office, 40 People sharing
Gas : 201 WattsElectric : 411 Watts
Milk Cheese: 30 W
Wine: 76 W
Vegetables: 100
Farming: 100 W
Transportation: 120 W
Fertilizer: 125 W
Meat & Fish: 221 W
772 Watts
My 2007 diet.
Society - my 1/300 000 000th share of the US infrastructure...
US Military: 94 W
US Nuclear protection: 50 W
US Government: 18 W
NASA: 1.1 W
USPS: 5 W
* Published fuel and electricity numbers.
Book
sheetsofpaper
framed art
CD
jewelcase
boardgame
New
sPapers
monthlym
agazine
quarterlymagazine
projectionscreen
Mobile Phone
Desktop Computer
Laptop
Washing Machine
Refrigerator Oven
Dryer
House
Bicycles
Catam
aran
s
mot
orcy
cleh
elm
et
Gol
fClu
bs infla
tabl
eele
phan
t
Bik
emes
seng
erba
g m
otor
cycl
e su
rfbo
ard
golfb
all
golft
ee
tenn
isba
ll
tenn
isra
cket
Toot
hbru
sh
Sha
mpo
o (m
l) P
aper
cup
toot
hpas
te
cond
ition
er
teacandle detergentw
ashingpowder
toiletpaperroll clingw
rapsaran
aluminum
foil w
axedpaper S
hoes
Watch-C
oach W
oolenHat
t-shirt
pants coatjacket
socks woolhat
uggboots
crocsshoes
leathershoes w
idebrimhat
mensocks
menunderw
ear m
enshorts
shirtmenscollared
cargopants
coverallsoveralls
beltleather
MenW
oolSuit
Table(Wood)
Chair
futonmattress
metalfutonfram
e
woodenfutonfram
e
Bookshelf
woolenfloorrug
pillow
Sofabenchsittingkitchen
diningtable
chairdining sofabed
plantpotlarge
plantpotsmall stepstool
sidetable
KitchenPot
ricecooker
copperfryingpan
coppersaucepan kitchenknife
espressomachine
knifeblock
cuttingboard rollingpin
canopener
bottleopener
kitchenknives
coffeemug
tableknife
tablefork
teaspoon
soupspoons teapot
teakettle
sixcupFrench
butcherblock steelm
ug
ceramicm
ug
waterglass
saladplate bowl
dinnerplate
WineG
lass
cakestand
saladbowl
carvingset
woodenspoon
bamboospoon m
etalspatula rubberspatula
whisk key
paintroller
cellphonecover
powerstrip
deskphone
ToolChest
umbrella
conferencebag
suitcasecarry
artificialchristmastree
naturalchristmastree
aluminum
stepladder
extensioncord
volkswagendunebuggy
toyotapickup
Honda Insight
TRAS
H
PHYSICAL STUFF ~2500 Watts
MY 2007 LIFE:17027 Watts
SFO
TO LH
R 4
10
W
LHR-S
FO 410 W
SFO-ATL 160 W
ATL-SFO 160 W
SFO-ATL-CPH 510 W
HEL-AMS-ATL-SFO 570 W
OAK-OGG-HON-OAK 560 W
SFO-BOS 210 W
BOS-SFO 210 W
OAK-DC 180 W
DC-OAK 180 W
OAK-ORD-MON-QUE 210 WQUE-DTW-SFO 210 WSFO-JFK 200 WJFK-SFO 200 W
OAK-BUR 20 W
BUR-OAK 20 W
SFO-BOS 210 WBOS-ORD 70 W
ORD-SFO 140 WSFO-JFK 200 W
JFK-SFO 200 W
SJC-SJO 230 W
SJO-SJC 230 W
SJC-VIJ 280 W
VIJ-SJC 280 W
SFO-SYD1140 W
SFO-DR 310 W
DR-SFO 3
10 W
SFO-O
AK 280 W
OAK
-SFO
280
W
'SFO TO LHR' 'LHR-SFO' 'SFO-ATL' 'ATL-SFO' 'SFO-ATL-CPH' 'HEL-AMS-ATL-SFO' 'OAK-OGG-HON-OAK' 'SFO-BOS' 'BOS-SFO' 'OAK-DC' 'DC-OAK' 'OAK-ORD-MON-QUE' 'QUE-DTW-SFO' 'SFO-JFK' 'JFK-SFO' 'OAK-BUR' 'BUR-OAK' 'SFO-BOS' 'BOS-ORD' 'ORD-SFO''SFO-JFK' 'JFK-SFO' 'SJC-SJO' 'SJO-SJC' 'SJC-VIJ' 'VIJ-SJC''SFO-SYD' 'SFO-DR' 'DR-SFO' 'SFO-OAK' 'OAK-SFO'
HO
ND
A IN
SIG
HT
310
W
DU
NE
BUG
GY
VW 1
50 W
TOYO
TA H
ILU
X 1
60 W
DO
DG
E S
PRIN
TER
100
WTO
YOTA
TA
CO
MA
240
W
TAX
IOR
REN
TAL
47
0 W
SH
OW
ERS
GA
S 7
0 W
CO
OK
ING
GA
S 3
0 W
HEATIN
G G
AS
400 WFR
IDG
E ELEC 30 W
CO
MPU
TER ELEC
10 WLA
PTOP ELEC
1 W
STER
EO ELEC
1 WLIG
HTS
ELEC 70 W
OTH
ER ELEC
8 W
MEAT & EG
GS 160 W
DAIRY 50 W
FATS AND OILS 30 W
FRUIT, VEG & NUTS 90 W
CEREALS & GRAINS 10 W
SUGAR 20 WBEER & W
INE 60 W
COFFEE 20 W
AG. PESTICIDES 10 W
AG. FERTILIZER 50 W
AG. ELECTRIC 40 W
AG. FO
SSILFUELS 80 W
WO
RKELECTRIC 410 W
WORKHEAT 200 W
CARS 560 W
BOATS 50 W
INTERNET 70 W
COMPUTERS 700 W
ELECTRONICS 250 W
NEWS 180 W
BIKES 6 WWATER 160 W
WASTEDISPOSAL 9 W TRANSPORTTOME 40 W
TEXTILES 90 W
BOOKS 130 W
MISCSTUFF1000 W
HOUSE 260 WRECREATION 110 W
HEALTHCARE 680 WFINANCE 60 WEDUCATION 340 W
WHITEGOODS 8 W
DEFENSE 100 W
ENERGY 4 W
GSA 2 W
HHS 1 W
JUSTICE 4
W
NASA 1 W
POSTAL-SERVIC
E 5 W
VETERANS-AFFAIRS 3 W
OTHER 4 W
STREETLIGHTS 4
W
GOV.VEHICLES 3
W
ROADS 330 W
OTHER 3 W
NON-
ACCO
UNTED
2960
W
Me
Me and my ladyfriend
1000 people
1 000 000 People
0 10 20 30 40 50
5
10
15
20
25
30
1 Qatar2 Iceland3 United Arab Emirates4 Bahrain5 Luxembourg6 Netherlands Antilles7 Kuwait8 Trinidad and Tobago9 Canada10 United States11 Brunei Darussalam12 Finland13 Norway14 Sweden15 Australia
16 Belgium17 Saudi Arabia18 Singapore19 Gibraltar20 Netherlands21 Oman22 France23 Russian Federation24 New Zealand25 Korea, Rep26 Czech Rep27 Germany28 Austria29 Japan30 United Kingdom31 Denmark32 Ireland33 Switzerland34 Estonia35 Turkmenistan36 Slovenia37 Slovakia38 Kazakhstan39 Cyprus40 Spain41 Libyan Arab Jamahiriya42 Israel43 Italy44 Ukraine45 Greece46 Belarus47 Lithuania48 South Africa49 Hungary50 Bulgaria
kilo
wat
tsPer Capita Energy Use 2003
US Average.
Global Average
Per capita power use 2003
1970 1980 1990 20000
5
10
15
year
tera
wat
tsWorld Power Consumption by Country, 1965-2005
USACanadaMexicoArgentinaBrazilChileColombiaEcuadorPeruVenezuelaOther S. & Cent. AmericaAustriaAzerbaijanBelarusBelgium & LuxembourgBulgariaCzech RepublicDenmarkFinlandFranceGermanyGreeceHungaryIcelandRepublic of IrelandItalyKazakhstanLithuaniaNetherlandsNorwayPolandPortugalRomaniaRussian FederationSlovakiaSpainSwedenSwitzerlandTurkeyTurkmenistanUkraineUnited KingdomUzbekistanOther Europe & EurasiaIranKuwaitQatarSaudi ArabiaUnited Arab EmiratesOther Middle EastAlgeriaEgyptSouth AfricaOther AfricaAustraliaBangladeshChinaChina Hong Kong SARIndiaIndonesiaJapanMalaysiaNew ZealandPakistanPhilippinesSingaporeSouth KoreaTaiwanThailandOther Asia Pacific
0
1
2
3
4
5E
nerg
y (T
W)
2007 Energy Consumption - Primary use by fuel type
Elec
tric
ity G
enTr
ansp
orta
tion
Indu
stry
Cooki
ngAir
Heatin
gIn
dust
rial S
team
Agric
ultu
re &
For
estr
yW
ater
Hea
ting
Ligh
tDis
trib
utio
n
Min
ing
OilCoalNatural GasBioHydroNuclearWindGeothermalSolarTidal
Which has led to this problem :
1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005310
320
330
340
350
360
370
380
year
CO
2 co
ncen
trat
ion
(ppm
)C
O2 L
evel
(ppm
)
Year
Ice Core 20 year AverageLaw Dome Antarctica
Mauna Loa Direct MeasurementHawaii
0 10 20 30 40 50
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1 UNITED_STATES_OF_AMERICA2 USSR3 CHINA_MAINLAND4 GERMANY_COMBINE5 JAPAN_COMBINE6 UNITED_KINGDOM7 YUGOSLAVIA_COMBINE8 FRANCE_INCLUDING_MONACO9 INDIA10 CANADA11 POLAND12 RUSSIAN_FEDERATION13 ITALY_INCLUDING_SAN_MARINO14 SOUTH_AFRICA15 MEXICO
16 AUSTRALIA17 CZECHOSLOVAKIA18 BELGIUM19 SPAIN20 BRAZIL21 REPUBLIC_OF_KOREA22 NETHERLANDS23 ISLAMIC_REPUBLIC_OF_IRAN24 SAUDI_ARABIA25 INDONESIA26 ROMANIA27 DEMOCRATIC_PEOPLES_REPUBLIC_OF_KOREA28 ARGENTINA29 VENEZUELA30 TURKEY31 UKRAINE32 TAIWAN33 AUSTRIA34 SWEDEN35 HUNGARY36 THAILAND37 DENMARK38 ALGERIA39 BULGARIA40 EGYPT41 GREECE42 SWITZERLAND43 NIGERIA44 MALAYSIA45 FINLAND46 UNITED_ARAB_EMIRATES47 KAZAKHSTAN48 IRAQ49 COLOMBIA50 PAKISTAN
Cumulative National CO2 Emissions from Fossil-Fuel Burning,Cement Manufacture, and Gas Flaring: 1751-2004
giga
met
ric
tons
of c
arbo
n Cumulative national CO2 emissions from fossil-fuel burning, ce-ment manufacture, and gas flaring: 1751-2004
Out of equilibrium
AccessibleFossil Fuels1600 GtC
Soils3000 GtC
Vegetation700 GtC
Oceans40000 GtC
Atmosphere ~700 GtC +2 / yr
Atmosphere to Ocean 2 GtC/year
Carbon to Atmosphere 8 GtC/year
Temperature Changes around the world in the last quarter of the 20th century
- 1 - 0.8 - 0.6 - 0.4 - 0.2 0 + 0.2 + 0.4 + 0.6 + 0.8 + 1
Trends in °C per decade
-1 -0.8 +0.8-0.6 +0.6-0.4 +0.4-0.2 +0.20 +1
What temperature do we choose?
?????
A1BA1TA1FIA2B1B2IS92a
Scenarios
21002000190018001700
-0.5
0.0
-1.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
Tem
pera
ture
Ris
e, d
egre
es C
elsi
us.
Tem
pera
ture
Ris
e, d
egre
es C
elsi
usChoose your target
10% Species Lost
1000ppm
750ppm
650ppm
550ppm
500ppm
450ppm
400ppm
Entire cities and countries lost to sea level
20-50% Species Lost1-4 Billion people face water shortages
15-40% Species Lost
2.0
"Business As Usual" : 800+ ppmStern Report / EU : 550 ppm
This material : 450 ppmWhere we are today : 385 ppmJames Hansen, NASA : 350 ppm !
Pre - Industrial : 290 ppm
650
550
450ppm
(year2000) 368
Preindustrial 280
What temperature did I choose?
+2oC
AccessibleFossil Fuels1600 Gt
Soils3000 Gt.
Vegetation700 Gt.
Oceans40000 Gt.
Atmosphere 600 Gt.+0
Carbon to Atmosphere 1-2 GtC/year
Atmosphere to Ocean 1-2 GtC/year
What is implied by a 450ppm CO² target?
Effect on CO2 PPM1 Billion Tons Carbon +0.26
Terawatt Years (COAL) +0.198Terawatt Years (OIL) +0.155
Terawatt Years (GAS) +0.112
60 PPM to go (to 450)...
around 400 TW years of fossil fuel burning...
40 years at 10TW, 20 years at 20TW ...
1-2 GtC means around:
2.5 TW - if its all coal4.4 TW - if its all gas3.2 TW - if its all oil*30 TW - nuclear is not entirely CO2 free...
2º C (3.6º F) → 450 ppm → 2-3 TW from carbon fuels.
How much power from that much carbon?
Units shown in Terawatts (TW)
Energy production
Plants: 5.2
Tidal: 0.0005
Solar: 0.016
Wind: 0.06
Gas: 3.2 Coal: 3.6
Geothermal: 0.03
Nuclear: 1
Hydro: 0.36
Oil:5
18 TWHumanity
Global Exergy ConsumptionUnits shown in Terawatts
Other 2.5 Chemicals Metabolism Lighting Refrigeration
Electricity 1.7
Manufacturing & Industrial 3
Road & Rail 2.1
Heating & Cooking 2.3
Forestry 3
Global Energy Consumption
Agriculture 3.8
Units shown in Terawatts (TW) 18 TWHumanity
that wont last 10000 years...
what other options are there ?
Sources of renewable energy.
31 000 TW Atmospheric Absorption
85 000 TW Surface Solar
62 TW Ocean surface waves
90 TW Photosynthesis
65 TW Land3 TW Coastal waves
7.2 TW Hydro Rivers
300 TW Hydro Clouds
25 TW Hydro Land
3600 TW Wind
41 000 TW Evaporation
38 000 TW Land & Water heating
3.5 TW Tidal
32 TW Geo thermal
25 TW Ocean
100 TW Ocean thermal gradient
16 TWGlobal consumption
Current Demand:
16 TW
Fossil Fuel:
3 TW
Existing non-carbon:
1.5 TW
New Clean Energy:
16-(3+1.5)= 11.5 TW
What is the challenge?
2TW Fossil Fuels
1TW Existing Nuclear
0.5TW Existing Hydro / Renewables
2TW New Photo-Voltaic Solar
2TW New Solar Thermal
2TW New Wind
2TW New Geothermal
3TW New Nuclear
0.5TW New Other
Units shown in Terawatts (TW)2033 Energy Mix
Solar Thermal: 2
Fossil Fuels: 2
(carbon-free) Biofuels: 0.5
Existing Nuclear: 1
Existing Hydro / Renewables: 0.5
Wind:2
Nuclear: 3 Geothermal 2
Photo Voltaic Solar 2
15 TW
that looks workable...
what do we have to build?
2 TW New Photo Voltaic
100m²
100m²100m²
100m²100m²100m²100m²100m²
100m²
100m²
100m
²
100
m²
100
m²
10
0m
²
10
0m
²
10
0m
²
10
0m
²1
00
m²
100
m²
100
m²
100m
²100m
²100m
²
100m²
100m²
100m²
100m²
100m²
100m²
100m²
100m²
100m²100m²
100m²100m² 100m² 100m² 100m²
100m²
100m²
100m²
100
m²
100
m²
10
0m
²
10
0m
²
10
0m
²
10
0m
²1
00
m²
100
m²
100
m²
100m²
100m²
100m²
100m²
100m²
100m²
100m²
100m²
100m²
100m²
100 m² of solar cells
every second for the next
25 years. 15% efficiency,
good sitting.
1 sec.
Photo Voltaic
2 TW New Solar Thermal
50m²
50m²50m²
50m²50m²50m²50m²50m²50m
²50m²
50m²
50m
²
50
m²
50
m²
50
m²
50
m²
50
m²
50
m²
50m
²50m
²50m
²50m
²
50m²
50m²
50m²
50m²
50m²
50m²
50m²
50m²
50m²50m²
50m²50m² 50m² 50m² 50m² 50m
² 50m²
50m²
50m
²
50
m²
50
m²
50
m²
50
m²
50
m²
50
m²
50
m²
50m
²50m
²50m
²50m
²
50m²
50m²
50m²
50m²
50m²
50m²
50m²
50
m²
25 years50 m² of solar thermal
mirrors every second for
the next 25 years. 30%
efficiency, well sited.
1 sec.
Solar Thermal
100m Diameter
100m Diameter100
m D
iam
eter
100
m D
iam
eter
100m Diameter
100m Diameter
100m Diameter
100
m D
iameter
100
m D
iameter
100m Diameter
12 3MW wind turbines in
great locations every hour.
Or one 100m diameter
turbine every 5 minutes…
6 min.
2 TW New Wind Wind
SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI
1
8765432
1615141312109
23222120191817
30292827262524
31
SAT
March
3 TW New Nuclear
1x 3GW Nuclear plant every
week for the next 25 years.
Nuclear
2 TW Geothermal
SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI
1
8765432
1615141312109
23222120191817
30292827262524
31
SAT
March
3x 100MW
steam turbines
every day for
next 25 years.
Geothermal
0.5 TW carbon (net zero) biofuels?.
1250m²
1250m²1250m²
1250m²1250m²1250m²1250m²1250m²
1250m²
1250m²
1250m²
1250
m²
12
50
m²
12
50
m²
12
50
m²
12
50
m²
12
50
m²
12
50
m²
12
50
m²
1250
m²
1250m²
1250m²
1250m²
1250m²
1250m²
1250m²
1250m²
1250m²
1250m²
1250m²
1250m²
1250m²1250m²
1250m² 1250m² 1250m² 1250m²1250m²
1250m²
1250m²
1250m²
1250m
²
12
50
m²
12
50
m²
12
50
m²
12
50
m²
12
50
m²
12
50
m²
12
50
m²
1250m
²1250m
²1250m
²1250m
²
1250m²
1250m²
1250m²
1250m²
1250m²
1250m²
1250m²
1250 m² or 1 olympic
swimming pool of algae
every second for the next
25 years.
1 sec.
Biofuel
Is that industrially possible?
what should Detroit do?
110 bn cans / year...= 200 GW solar thermal / year.
9 Nokia phones every second.Nokia + INTEL + AMD + + for solar PV?
GM = 1 car every 2 minutes.GM + FORD = 1 wind turbine every 5 minutes?
Retooling for WWII.
More than 300 000 aircraft were built in the US between 1939 and 1945.
1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
0
5
10
15G
LOB
AL
PO
WE
R C
ON
SU
MP
TIO
N, T
W
10 TWin last40 years!
Awesome. We can do it.
Long Thinking thinks ahead...
PV : 50% CST : 25%
ATMOSPHERIC LOSSES.
DAY / NIGHT LOSSES.
CLOUD / WEATHER LOSSES.
EARTH’S SOLAR FLUX = 1270 Watts / m2.
GEOGRAPHY (LATITUDE).
LAND AREA COVERAGE
TERRESTRIAL SOLAR FLUX =90-300 Watts / m2.
TECHNOLOGY EFFICIENCY10 - 40%.
ACTUAL SOLAR PHOTONS TO ELECTRONS = 10-20 Watts / m2.
100m diameter = 3MW rated.33% capacity factor = 0.33 x 3 = 1MWSpacing = 10 diameters apart.Actual power density by land area = 1MW / 1km2
1-2W/m2 of land.
Hydroelectricity:Lake Mead : 639km2
Hoover Dam : 1860MW1860000000 / 639 000 000 = 2.9 W/m2
Bio-fuelsLake Mead : 639km2
Algae, 3% efficient photo-conversion.2-3 W/m2
Land area by country represented as scaled stripes
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 1600
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
equal land area per person globally represented as square
sauls square of land required for his watts generated by solarAverage US citizen square of land required for watts generated by solar
global average persons square of land to generate their energy with renewables
meters
met
ers
Land area per person in USA
Land area per person globally
Land area required to produce my power consumption with solar.
Land area for average US citizen by solar.
Land area for average global citizen by solar.
Choose carefully. Quickly.
Possible. We must be wise.
Put yourself back into the picture :
6 650 000 000 People
16 000 000 000 000 Watts= 2 400 Watts per person.
MY 2007 LIFE17027 W (pre tax)
SFO
TO LH
R 4
10
W
LHR-S
FO 410 W
SFO-ATL 160 W
ATL-SFO 160 W
SFO-ATL-CPH 510 W
HEL-AMS-ATL-SFO 570 W
OAK-OGG-HON-OAK 560 W
SFO-BOS 210 W
BOS-SFO 210 W
OAK-DC 180 W
DC-OAK 180 W
OAK-ORD-MON-QUE 210 WQUE-DTW-SFO 210 WSFO-JFK 200 WJFK-SFO 200 W
OAK-BUR 20 W
BUR-OAK 20 W
SFO-BOS 210 WBOS-ORD 70 W
ORD-SFO 140 WSFO-JFK 200 W
JFK-SFO 200 W
SJC-SJO 230 W
SJO-SJC 230 W
SJC-VIJ 280 W
VIJ-SJC 280 W
SFO-SYD1140 W
SFO-DR 310 W
DR-SFO 3
10 W
SFO-O
AK 280 W
OAK
-SFO
280
W
'SFO TO LHR' 'LHR-SFO' 'SFO-ATL' 'ATL-SFO' 'SFO-ATL-CPH' 'HEL-AMS-ATL-SFO' 'OAK-OGG-HON-OAK' 'SFO-BOS' 'BOS-SFO' 'OAK-DC' 'DC-OAK' 'OAK-ORD-MON-QUE' 'QUE-DTW-SFO' 'SFO-JFK' 'JFK-SFO' 'OAK-BUR' 'BUR-OAK' 'SFO-BOS' 'BOS-ORD' 'ORD-SFO''SFO-JFK' 'JFK-SFO' 'SJC-SJO' 'SJO-SJC' 'SJC-VIJ' 'VIJ-SJC''SFO-SYD' 'SFO-DR' 'DR-SFO' 'SFO-OAK' 'OAK-SFO'
HO
ND
A IN
SIG
HT
310
W
DU
NE
BUG
GY
VW 1
50 W
TOYO
TA H
ILU
X 1
60 W
DO
DG
E S
PRIN
TER
100
WTO
YOTA
TA
CO
MA
240
W
TAX
IOR
REN
TAL
47
0 W
SH
OW
ERS
GA
S 7
0 W
CO
OK
ING
GA
S 3
0 W
HEATIN
G G
AS
400 WFR
IDG
E ELEC 30 W
CO
MPU
TER ELEC
10 WLA
PTOP ELEC
1 W
STER
EO ELEC
1 WLIG
HTS
ELEC 70 W
OTH
ER ELEC
8 W
MEAT & EG
GS 160 W
DAIRY 50 W
FATS AND OILS 30 W
FRUIT, VEG & NUTS 90 W
CEREALS & GRAINS 10 W
SUGAR 20 WBEER & W
INE 60 W
COFFEE 20 W
AG. PESTICIDES 10 W
AG. FERTILIZER 50 W
AG. ELECTRIC 40 W
AG. FO
SSILFUELS 80 W
WO
RKELECTRIC 410 W
WORKHEAT 200 W
CARS 560 W
BOATS 50 W
INTERNET 70 W
COMPUTERS 700 W
ELECTRONICS 250 W
NEWS 180 W
BIKES 6 WWATER 160 W
WASTEDISPOSAL 9 W TRANSPORTTOME 40 W
TEXTILES 90 W
BOOKS 130 W
MISCSTUFF1000 W
HOUSE 260 WRECREATION 110 W
HEALTHCARE 680 WFINANCE 60 WEDUCATION 340 W
WHITEGOODS 8 W
DEFENSE 100 W
ENERGY 4 W
GSA 2 W
HHS 1 W
JUSTICE 4
W
NASA 1 W
POSTAL-SERVIC
E 5 W
VETERANS-AFFAIRS 3 W
OTHER 4 W
STREETLIGHTS 4
W
GOV.VEHICLES 3
W
ROADS 330 W
OTHER 3 W
NON-
ACCO
UNTED
2960
W
My New Life
2291 Wattsair travel: 983
car: 258
food: 376
stuff: 254
bike ferry: 158
home heating: 25
home electric: 90
work heat: 25
work electric: 100
society: 22
My New Life
LOCAL STEP 4
Saul Griffith. 2010 : 13,777 Miles. 983 Watts equivalent. 2,000 kg CO2
Saul Griffith. 2010: 13,777 Mi. 2,000 kg CO2 My New Life
LOCAL STEP 4Previous Air Travel983 Watts
1 Trips / Month Mountain ViewDiesel Sprinter
18 MPG
6 Trips / year in-Laws, SebastopolHybrid Honda
55 MPG
2 Trips / year Waddell Creek, SurfingDune Buggy
25 MPG
Saul's new driving habits
2 Trips / Month AlamedaHybrid Honda
55 MPG
My New Life
LOCAL STEP 4Previous Driving258 Watts
Milk Cheese: 15 W376 Watts
Wine: 38 W
Vegetables: 150 W
Farming: 50 W
Transportation: 60 W
Fertilizer: 31 W
Meat & Fish: 32 W
Saul’s new lifeMy New Life
LOCAL STEP 4Previous Food
772 Watts
rest of life 11369
Saul's stuff, old life vs. new life
1/10th as much stuff lasting 10 times as long.
New stuff: 250 W Old stuff: 2500 W
My New Life
LOCAL STEP 4
Book
sheetsofpaper
framed art
CD
jewelcase
boardgame
New
sPapers
monthlym
agazine
quarterlymagazine
projectionscreen
Mobile Phone
Desktop Computer
Laptop
Washing Machine
Refrigerator Oven
Dryer
House
Bicycles
Catam
aran
s
mot
orcy
cleh
elm
et
Gol
fClu
bs infla
tabl
eele
phan
t
Bik
emes
seng
erba
g m
otor
cycl
e su
rfbo
ard
golfb
all
golft
ee
tenn
isba
ll
tenn
isra
cket
Toot
hbru
sh
Sha
mpo
o (m
l) P
aper
cup
toot
hpas
te
cond
ition
er
teacandle detergentw
ashingpowder
toiletpaperroll clingw
rapsaran
aluminum
foil w
axedpaper S
hoes
Watch-C
oach W
oolenHat
t-shirt
pants coatjacket
socks woolhat
uggboots
crocsshoes
leathershoes w
idebrimhat
mensocks
menunderw
ear m
enshorts
shirtmenscollared
cargopants
coverallsoveralls
beltleather
MenW
oolSuit
Table(Wood)
Chair
futonmattress
metalfutonfram
e
woodenfutonfram
e
Bookshelf
woolenfloorrug
pillow
Sofabenchsittingkitchen
diningtable
chairdining sofabed
plantpotlarge
plantpotsmall stepstool
sidetable
KitchenPot
ricecooker
copperfryingpan
coppersaucepan kitchenknife
espressomachine
knifeblock
cuttingboard rollingpin
canopener
bottleopener
kitchenknives
coffeemug
tableknife
tablefork
teaspoon
soupspoons teapot
teakettle
sixcupFrench
butcherblock steelm
ug
ceramicm
ug
waterglass
saladplate bowl
dinnerplate
WineG
lass
cakestand
saladbowl
carvingset
woodenspoon
bamboospoon m
etalspatula rubberspatula
whisk key
paintroller
cellphonecover
powerstrip
deskphone
ToolChest
umbrella
conferencebag
suitcasecarry
artificialchristmastree
naturalchristmastree
aluminum
stepladder
extensioncord
volkswagendunebuggy
toyotapickup
Honda Insight
TRAS
H
PHYSICAL STUFF ~2500 Watts
What about products?
Also contains per bottle
Plasticizers 43mg†Estrogen 0.12mg†Carcinogenic Dye 0.19mg†
† Safe daily values not yet established.
Consumption FactsContainer Mass 1.58oz (44.9g)Components per container 3
Embodied Energy Per ContainerTotal 4,609,420 JoulesPETE 38.81g 3,962,400 JoulesHDPE 4.83g 497,500 JoulesCellulosic 1.34g 149,520 Joules
Recycle rate 23%Landfill rate 43%Energy recovery rate 16%Lost to environmental waste 18%
Personal Energy Footprint % Daily Value*Total 4.54%Transport (avg.estimated) 0.69%Manufacture 0.46%Embodied Energy 2.67%Refrigeration (avg.estimated) 0.71%
* Personal Energy Footprint is based on a recommended 2000 Watt lifestyle. The average US consumer has a 11400 Watt lifestyle.! Consuming this product daily is equivalent to increasing your energy footprint by 90 Watts.
we forgot...
a couple more things...
We have to turn off the current CO2 emitters.
and stop deforestation...
"The Game Plan" slideset release 1.01, March 21 2008 67
1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 20000
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
Dep
ress
ion.
Oil
Cris
es.
Rece
ssio
n.
Sep.
11.2
001.
US energy consumption (TeraWatts)
100 mpg ?20 Miles per day.
500Watts.
2255 Watt thinking:
55mph
100kph
If we do what we want to do already, the goals can be achieved:
Eat less and more healthily,
Exercise more,
Spend more time with my family,
Live closer together,
Spend less time commuting,
Less business travel,
Have higher quality, better designed products.
Breathe cleaner air,
Drink cleaner water.
What to do ourselves
wattzon.comMeasure what is measureable, make measure-able what is not. - Galileo