long-term unemployment in the podlaskie voivodeship
DESCRIPTION
Long-term unemployment in the Podlaskie voivodeship. Main results. Project aims and assumptions. This study was conducted for th e project " Socia l Policy Observatory Podlasie ", cofinanced under the Operational Programme Human Capital 2007-2013. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Long-term unemployment in the Podlaskie voivodeship
Main results
Project aims and assumptions
• Analysis of the situation of the long-term unemployed people in the Podlaskie,
• Determining main barriers faced by long-term unemployed people on their way back into the labor market in the Podlaskie,
• Analysis of pubic policies taken to activate long-term unemployed people in the Podlaskie,
• Determining the possibilities of activation of long-term unemployed people in the Podlaskie.
This study was conducted for the project "Social Policy Observatory Podlasie", cofinanced under the Operational Programme Human Capital 2007-2013.
project aims
Research methodology • Review of available literature• Definitions, measurement methods for unemployment• Long-term unemployment in the other researches• The legal situation of long-term unemployed people
• Podlaskie voivodship labor market in the public statistics • Supply and demand in the regional labor market• Long-term unemployment in the PUPs’ statistics - broken down by gender, age,
education and seniority
• Instytutional view on the situation of long-term unemployment people
• Programs for the activation of long-term unemployed people • The long-term unemployed and their experiences
• Social and professional situation of long-term unemployed• Attitudes and values• Occupational history of long-term unemployed• Cooperation with authorities• Assessment of employability
N=1000
8 IDI
12 IDI
Desk research
Theoretical background
Quantitative research
Qualitative research
Theoretical backgroundLONGER UNEMPLOYMENT
DECREASE IN SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CAPITAL
PROFESSIONAL SKILLS BEING
OUTDATED
LOWER MOTIVATION FOR JOB SEEKING. WORSENING MENTAL
CONDITION
LOWER CHANCES
FOR FINDING A JOB
• Hypothesis about decrease in capitals.
• Focusing not only at unemployed person, but also her family and friends.
FALL DOWNSPIRAL
Presentation plan1. Main information about the job market in the Podlaskie2. Basic demographic information about the group long-
term unemployed people 3. Long-term unemployment: the essence of the problem4. The financial situation and economic strategies of the
unemployed5. Social environment and social capital of respondents6. Psychological consequences of long-term unemployment7. Back to the job market - looking for a work and lifelong
learning
Labor market in podlaskie voivodeship
• Low, on the background of the country, indicators of the level of development of entrepreneurship in the region.
• Dominant industries: trade and repairs, construction and manufacturing. Overrepresented industries - agriculture, forestry, hunting and public sector.
• The proportion of economically active population: 73%.
• The relatively low level of education of the population.
• Percentage of people aged 25-64 undertaking continuing education: 5.2%.
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
26.4%16.1%
8.1%
29.7%
30.4%
16.8%
8.2%14.3%
11.9%
23.9% 26.8%
13.4%
11.9% 12.5%
49.9%
Primary education or lowerVocational educationSecondary educationPost-secondary, secondary vocationalHigher education
Unemployment in Podlaskie
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
16.1% 15.6% 13.3%10.4% 9.7%
12.8% 13.2%
RE
GIS
TE
RE
D
UN
EM
PLO
YM
EN
T R
ATE
1 year 2 years
Continuous long-term unemployment
Multiple long-term unemployment
The long-term unemployed person is a person who is in the official records in total for more than 12 months in the past 2 years, excluding periods of apprenticeship and vocational training of adults.
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 czerwiec 2011
64% 62%
51%
43%
51%55%% of long-term
unemployed people within all unemployed
June 2011
LONG-TERM UNEMPLOYED IN PODLASKIE BASIC DEMOGRAPHICS
2006 2007 2008 2009 201040%45%50%55%60%
55% 56% 55%51% 49%
The proportion of women among long-term unemployed, the period 2006-2010 (Podlaskie province)
Source: WUP
Source: Powiatowe Urzędy Pracy, 2011
The age structure of population in the Podlaskie province in 2011:Podlaskieregion
Unemployedpeople
Long-term unemployedpeople
(men)
Number of children in the households of long-term unemployed by respondents’ gender in 2011 (Podlaskie province):
Source: Powiatowe Urzędy Pracy, 2011
Marital status of long-term unemployed by gender in 2011 (podlaskie province):
0 1 2 3 4 5 More than 6
84.4%
6.6% 5.1% 2.5% 0.9% 0.4% 0.2%
46.9%
20.7% 17.6% 8.8%3.3% 1.5% 1.1%
Men Women
Women
Men
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
56.9%
35.9%
25.6%
42.3%
4.0%
10.3%
10.2%
9.9%
2.7%
MarriedMiss / bachelorSingleDivorcedSeparatedWidowed
The health status of long-term unemployed in the Podlaskie province:
Source: Gallup survey, 2011
N=75
N=210
N=230
N=160
N=460
N=375
N=1000
25-44 years
up to 24 yearsat least 45 years
Long-term unemployed women
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
38%
26%
6%
35%
24%
8%
20%
52%
52%
31%
52%
57%
34%
46%
6%
16%
34%
11%
15%
35%
22%
3%
6%
24%
2%
4%
21%
11%
0%
0%
4%
0%
0%
2%
1%
0%
0%
1%
0%
0%
0%
0%
2%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
Very good Good Satisfying BadVery bad Difficult to say Refused
The education level of unemployed and long-term unemployed in 2011 (Podlaskie province):
Source: Powiatowe Urzędy Pracy, 2011
Primary education or lower
Vocational education Secondary schools Post-secondary education
Higher education
33.0%26.6%
10.6%
21.3%
8.5%
22.9% 21.9%
14.9%
24.1%
16.2%
Long-term unemployed Other unemployed
LONG-TERM UNEMPLOYED IN PODLASKIE LONG-TERM UNEMPLOYMENT: THE ESSENCE OF THE PROBLEM
The number of former employers of long-term unemployed:
Form of employment with last employer:
gray zone
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 and more
Difficult to say
14%17%
15% 15%12%
9%5%
2% 4%6%
1%
27%
49%
11%
7% 7%
The employment contract of indefinite durationAn employment contract for a speci-fied periodA specific-task contractOral agreement with the employerOther
Source: Gallup survey 2011
up to 24 years 25 - 44 years at least 45 years
61%
38%
31%
23% 24%
18%
2%
14%
24%
5% 7%10%
Completion of work on fixed-term
Resignation for personal reasons
Removal of the plant or the workplace
Dismissal by the employer for other reasons
Common causes of cessation of work - in the age groups of long – term unemployed (Podlaskie):
Source: Gallup survey 2011
Industries for the last place of work - by gender of workers:
Men
Women
23%
22%
14%
23%
30%
1%
10%
27%
3%
12%
5%
1%
4%
2%
1%
5%
Manufacturing and IndustryOther services for citizens and businessesConstructionCommercePublic administrationTransportAgriculture, forestryEducation and health care
N=839
Source: Gallup survey 2011
Factors prolonging the period of unemployment
Months Factors shortening the period of unemployment
Months
Assisting neighbors +10 Useof neighborhood support
-13
Basic educational level +13 Sharing a household with people who are working
-7
Age 44 + (men) +11 Active seeking for a job -7
Age 44 + (women) +13 Higher education -10
The reasons for the resignation of job search given by respondents:
Perceived causes of difficulties in finding a job:
Generally there is no wor...
Lack of a "good contacts"
Health problems
No specific skills
There is no work worthy o...
Lack of work offers in acc...
I have to look after som...
My education is too low
No possibilities to comm...
There is only seasonal wo...
Other
58%
22%17%15%13%13%12%10%8%1%
12%
N=1000
Child/elderly care
Health con-dition
Family re-sponsibilities
Unofficial work (grey zone)
In education Pregnancy Other causes
30%18% 10% 10% 8% 3%
20%
Source: Gallup survey 2011
LONG-TERM UNEMPLOYED IN PODLASKIE THE FINANCIAL SITUATION AND ECONOMIC STRATEGIES
233 PLN per person
378 PLN per person
612 PLN per person
806 PLN per personAverage
income
The financial situation of long-term unemployed (Podlaskie):
below the subsistence minimum– 52%
Equipment of the households of long-term unemployed (Podlaskie):
Dependent variable: household income per person (PLN)
B
Age -5,093*
Number of people in the househod
-64,440*
Number of working people in the househod
130,852*
Number of unemployed people in the househod (not counting respondent)
-56,615*
Farmer’s household 77,689*
Source: Gallup survey, 2011
Landline phone
Cable TV Internet access
Cellular phone
Car0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%100%
40%
59% 60%
92%
55%
13% 39% 40% 7%1%
We live very poorly
We live modestly
We live on average
We live well
We live very well
augustowski
białostocki
bielski
grajewski
hajnowski
koleński
łomyżyński
moniecki
sejneński
siemiatycki
sokólski
suwalski
wysokom
azo...
zambrow
ski
Ogółem
woj....
59% 52% 62% 70%80%
61% 62% 48% 57% 53%
92%
50% 74% 71% 63%
% on long-term unemployed replies: "Yes, it happens very often to the unemployed to work in, so called, grey zone" (Podlaskie province, 2011)
51%
28%
8%6%7%
Because they can not find another
Because they can earn more unof -ficialy
Because it is convenient to them
Because money earned this way won't be taken by debt collector
Other
Why do the people work in, so called, grey zone?
Source: Gallup survey 2011
Emigration experience
augustowski
białostocki
bielski
grajewski
hajnowski
koleński
łomyżyński
moniecki
sejneński
siemiatycki
sokólski
suwalski
wysokom
azowi...
zambrow
ski
21%30%
15% 19% 22%41% 34%
25% 28%14%
28% 32% 31% 30%
Women
Men
up to 24 y...
25 - 44 y...
at least 45...Long-term unemployed
22%
31%
17%
31%
25%
Source: Gallup survey 2011
Emigration plans of long-term unemployed people
Source: Gallup survey 2011
N=515
N=485
N=162
N=462
N=378
N=1000
Women
25 - 44 years
Total
Long-term unemployed
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
10%
4%
10%
8%
5%
7%
15%
10%
17%
15%
7%
12%
17%
13%
22%
14%
14%
16%
58%
72%
50%
62%
73%
65%
Yes, and I intend in future to seek a job abroad
Yes, if I got such proposal, but I'm not seeking for a job abroad
No, I'm not interested in working abroad
I am currently working abroad
Men
Women
Long-term unemployed
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%
52%
22%
27%
10%
4%
2%
1%
1%
17%
8%
13%
18%
1%5%
3%
1%
1%
Sales of meals, confectioneryGrowing of vegetables, fruits or flowersCross-border tradeGathering mushrooms, berries for saleSale of waste paper, scrapDonating things under lienStreet trading, in the bazaarHelping on the farmThe supply of small services
Alternative sources of income for long-term unemployed people
Source: Gallup survey, 2011
LONG-TERM UNEMPLOYED IN PODLASKIE SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIAL CAPITAL OF RESPONDENTS
The composition of the long-term unemployed household :
Source: Gallup survey, 2011
N=434
N=453MenWom
enHo
useh
olds of lon
g-term
une
mploy
ed peo
ple
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
44%
35%
32%
50%
16%
11%
8%
4%
Nobody works One person works Two people working More than 3 people working
N=86
N=251
N=148
25-44 years
Long-term unemployed
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
12%
15%
29%
50%
53%
32%
37%
29%
25%13%
One person household Two people in the householdFrom three to four people in the household More than 5 persons in the household
Source: Gallup survey, 2011
the longer a person remains unemployed, the smaller the share of people working in the network of her friends
(r=-.109; p<.005)
N=515
N=485
men
women
Long-term unemployed
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
30%
30%
28%
27%
19%
26%
6%
5%
14.6%
8.3%3.7%
1 person 2 people 3 people4 people 5 people More than 6 people
From big citiesFrom small citiesFrom rural areas
Friend
s networks of lon
g-term
une
mloyed
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%63%
54%57%
18%24%19%
19%22%23%
Economically active - unemployed peopleEconomically active - working peopleEconomically non-active people
Friends of long-term unemployed people:
Economical status of friends of long-employed people
10%
11%
14%
9%
2%
4%
Helping Using help
Use and provision of assistance by the long-term unemployed in the Podlaskie province:
Work at farm
Cooking, shopping, cleaning and other housework
Home repairs and renovations (eg, installation, appliances, home, car, etc.)
Childcare / children
Care for the sick or elderly
Running errands in the offices
31%
24%
24%
16%
12%
10%
Source: Gallup survey, 2011
LONG-TERM UNEMPLOYED IN PODLASKIE PSYCHOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES OF LONG-TERM UNEMPLOYMENT
Very often Often Rarely Almost never
You felt miserable, you were depressed.Negative attitude to life, depression
A positive attitude to life
You were sure that everything is going well. A positive attitude to lifeNegative attitude to life, depression
You felt discouraged, bored. Negative attitude to life, depression
A positive attitude to life
You were happy, because something was successful in your life.
A positive attitude to lifeNegative attitude to life, depression
You felt that you have no influnece on what happens in your life.
Negative attitude to life, depression
A positive attitude to life
You were especially interested or exited by something
A positive attitude to lifeNegative attitude to life, depression
DEPRESSION SCALE
CONDITIONS OF RESPONDENTS’MENTAL FITNESS
CORRELATION ANALYSISBoth periods of unemployment, as well as the number of registrations as unemployed are positively correlated (r =. 112, p <001, r =. 088, p <.05) with the respondent’s level of depression.REGRESSION ANALYSISDepression mainly affects older long-term unemployed people living in rural areas. While controlled for a number of variables(age, gender, income, number of friends) , the importance of the period of unemployment and the number of registrations is negligible, these two factors do not pass statistical significance tests.THAT MEANSThe vulnerability of long-term unemployed to the negative psychological consequences of this phenomenon depends on the individual characteristics of these individuals.
Source: Gallup survey, 2011
Attitude towards life among long-term
unemployed (in Podlaskie regions)
augustowski
białostocki
bielski
grajewski
hajnowski
koleński
łomyżyński
moniecki
sejneński
siemiatycki
sokólski
suwalski
wysokomazowiecki
zambrowski
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%100%
21%
23%
15%
33%
30%
16%
5%
19%
16%
11%
18%
24%
7%
7%
42%
51%
47%
54%
31%
57%
32%
43%
33%
85%
64%
55%
60%
23%
36%
27%
37%
13%
39%
27%
63%
38%
51%
3%
17%
21%
32%
70%
Negative attitude towards to life Neutral attitude towards lifePositive attitude towards life
Source: Gallup survey, 2011
good pay
not too much pressure
good job security
a respected job
good hours
an opportunity to use initiative
generous holidays
that you can achieve something
a responsible job
a job that is interesting
a job that meets one´s abilities
pleasant people to work with
good chances for promotion
a useful job for society
meeting people
learning new skills
family friendly
have a say
people treated equally
94%
70%79%
0%
54%48%
41%
67%
53%
76%64%
73%
0%
37%
52% 57% 56%43%
71%
93%
49%56%
34% 31%
14% 12%
29%
14%
39%
20%
49%
19%8%
25% 30%
13%6%
45%
General Population(EVS PL 2008) Long-term unemployed in Podlaskie
What is important at work? (opinions of long-term unemployed)
Source: Gallup survey, 2011
Qualifications which long-term unemployed in Podlaskie:
Driving license category B
Current book SANEPID
Certificate of computer skills...
Driving license of higher cate...
Power to carry trucks
Qualifications in massage, ph...
Qualifications for the cosmet...
Specialized power to transpor...
Bartending qualifications
Permission to use other techn...
Welding qualifications
Energetic permissions E or D ...
46%
14%
2%5%3%2%2%1%1%1%3%1%
25%25%
32%
22%21%18%18%18%17%15%13%
10%
HaveDon't have, but would like to possess
N=1000
14 and less 15 - 21 (N=138)
22 - 28 (N=165)
29 - 60 (N=177)
61 and more
0%20%40%60%80%100%
18% 7% 13% 4% 6%
36% 45% 32%32% 20%
41% 46% 50% 59% 69% little chancemedium chancebig chances
Self-assessment of chances of finding a work:
Perception of barriers in finding a job:
Source: Gallup survey, 2011
Unemployment length(months)
Generally there is...
Lack of a "good co...
Health problems
No specific skills
There is no work w...
Lack of work offers...
I have to look aft...
My education is to...
No possibilities t...
There is only seas...
Other
Trudno powiedzieć
57%
22%19%15%13%11%10%10%8%5%12%
1%
LONG-TERM UNEMPLOYED IN PODLASKIE BACK TO THE JOB MARKET - LOOKING FOR A WORK AND LIFELONG LEARNING
up to 24 years 25 - 44 years at least 45 years
33%
40%
28%
15%
24%
36%
29%
21%24%
8% 7% 5%7%3%
0%
Relatives and friends
Direct application
District Labour Office
Advertisements in news-papers
Internet
The methods used to seek employment in last job:
Source: Gallup survey, 2011
Manufacturing and industry
Commerce Construction Other services for citizens
and businesses
Public adminis-tration
35% 37%50%
38%
22%34%
24% 25% 25% 20%19% 16%10%
27%
42%
7% 10% 9%3% 2%6% 3% 2%
10%
Relatives and friends Direct application District Labour Office Advertisements in newspapers Internet
18-24 (N=75) 25-44 (N=210)
45+ (N=230) 18-24 (N=86) 25-44 (N=251)
45+ (N=148)
79%
41%
11%
90%
67%
19%
MEN WOMEN
The interest in raising own qualifications among long-term unemployed in the Podlaskie region:
Source: Gallup survey, 2011
Source: Gallup survey, 2011
Skills which long-term unemployed in Podlaskie:
DEFICITS
Com
Eng
Rus
Coo
OpeKno
Tra
Adm
Sma
Hyd
SewCar
Hai
Con
Mai
49%
29%
52%
30%
12%15%
12%11%
17%12%13%12%
5%
12%14%
29%
39%
14%
21%
38%33%33%
30%
11%15%14%14%
19%
11%7%
Have Don't have, but would like to learn
Perception of barriers in participation in courses and training – opinions by long-term unemployed in the Podlaskie province:
Source: Gallup survey, 2011
MEN WOMEN
18-24 (N=69) 25-44 (N=182)
45 + (N=124) 18-24 (N=78) 25-44 (N=230)
45 + (N=92)
55%48%
42% 43% 44% 46%
33% 31%36%
42%36%
24%
6% 5% 2%10% 10%
5%10% 7% 4% 4% 5% 5%
I do not see any obstacles Such courses, training is too expensive for me
I have too little time for courses and training I do not know where to look for such courses
18-24 (N=65)
25-44 (N=184)
45+ (N=186)
18-24 (N=72)
25-44 (N=208)
45+ (N=124)
22% 18%8% 11% 7% 2%
59%
42%
19%
47%39%
13%
19%38%
70%
39%49%
82%
Low chancesMedium chancesBig chances
Self-assessment of chances of finding a work among long-term unemployed:
Source: Gallup survey, 2011
MEN WOMEN
THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION