lojik devreler - loji̇k uygulamalar (megep)

8/10/2019 Lojik Devreler - Lojk Uygulamalar (Megep)

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W.N.COO I#WC M@F@HOJ#J

CIEIT(CI^OIF I#WC RI #]IWC ^^WICHH

EOIHG]OCI^T]KLI^)

IOIFW]F IOIFW]KHF WIFHKOKL^

OKLF YZEYO@C@O@] >

@HF@]@ =445


2/77

Cjooj Ijtjc M`f`ho##t`r`b#hg`h eioj$tjrjoih ckgooir6

Wòjc vi Wirmjyi Furuou M`$f`ho##h#h 4=.42.=442 t`rja vi =2: s`y#o#F`r`r#joi kh`yo`h`h, Cisoifj vi Wifhjf Ijtjc Kfuo vi Furuco`r#hg` f`giciojko`r`f y`ye#ho`$t#r#o`h 7= ò`h vi 0:= gò` `jt irivi ritjc prker`co`r#hg``cò`h`h cisoifj yitirojfoirj f`z`hg#rc`y` yhiojf eioj$tjrjocj$ ritjcc`tiryòoirjgjr (Girs Hkto`r#g#r).

Ckgooir, mjriyoiri cisoifj yitirojf f`z`hg#rc`f vi mjriysio rihciyiriamirojf itcif `c`n#yo` rihci c`tiryòj ko`r`f a`z#ro`hc#$, gihihcifvi eioj$tjrjocif ziri Cisoifj vi Wifhjf Ijtjc Kfuo vi Furuco`r#hgùyeuo`hc`y` m`$o`hc#$t#r.

Ckgooir tifhkokljf eioj$cioiri p`ròio ko`r`f, `cò`h`h yitirojjf`z`hg#rc`f fk$uou joi ijtjc ritjc s#r`s#hg` eioj$tjrjoimjojr vi y`p#oc`s#hirjoih gij$jfojfoir M`f`ho#ft` joejoj mjrjci mjogjrjojr.

reh vi y`ye#h ijtjc furuco`r#, j$oitcioir vi fihgj fihgjhi cisoifjyitirojf f`z`hc`f jstiyih mjriyoir ckgooiri jhtirhit zirjhgihuo`$#o`mjojroir.

M`s#oc#$ckgooir, ijtjc furuco`r#hg` rihnjoiri nritsjz ko`r`f g`#t#o#r.

Ckgooir ajmjr $ifjogi tjn`rj `cò` fuoo`h#o`c`z vi nrit f`r$#o##hg`s`t#o`c`z.


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j

@JFO@C@O@]............................................................................................................... jjE']'* ..................................................................................................................................0,]IHCI B@@O'ZIW'0.................................................................................................>0. ^@ZJNJO@] ....................................................................................................................>

0.0. @sihfrkh ^`y#n#o`r....................................................................................................90.0.0 @sihfrkh Zuf`r#^`y#n#o`r ..................................................................................90.0.=. @sihfrkh @$`#^`y#n#o`r ...................................................................................:

0.=. îhfrkh ^`y#n#o`r ....................................................................................................070.=.0. îhfrkh Zuf`r#^`y#n#o`r..................................................................................070.=.=. îhfrkh @$`#^`y#n#o`r ...................................................................................01

0.>. Ckgou ^`y#n#o`r.......................................................................................................=9YZEYO@C@ B@@O'ZIW' ...........................................................................................=:

OCI RI GI,I]OIHG']CI .................................................................................>0TI]BK]C@H^ WI^W' .................................................................................................>=,]IHCI B@@O'ZIW'=...............................................................................................>7=. F@ZGIG'N'OI]..........................................................................................................>7

=.0. îrj Ejrj$-îrj #f#$F`ygigjnjoir ...........................................................................>9=.=. îrj Ejrj$-T`ròio #f#$F`ygigjnjoir .......................................................................74=.>. T`ròio Ejrj$-îrj #f#$F`ygigjnjoir .......................................................................77=.7. T`ròio Ejrj$-T`ròio #f#$ F`ygigjnjoir...................................................................75YZEYO@C@ B@@O'ZIW' ...........................................................................................71OCI RI GI,I]OIHG']CI .................................................................................90TI]BK]C@H^ WI^W' .................................................................................................9=

,]IHCI B@@O'ZIW'>...............................................................................................97

>. Gjljtò / @hòke vi @hòke / Gjljtò ivjrjnjoir................................................................97>.0. Gjljtò / @hòke ivjrjnjoir ......................................................................................99

>.0.0. Is`so`r# ............................................................................................................99>.0.=. Wicio ]-=] Cirgjvih Wjpj G/@ ivjrjnj .........................................................92>.0.>. G/@ Ihtieri Givrioir.......................................................................................91

>.=. @hòke / Gjljtò ivjrjnjoir ......................................................................................24>.=.0. Is`so`r# ............................................................................................................24>.=.=. T`ròio F`r$#o`$t#r#n#o#@/G ivjrjnj ..................................................................20>.=.>. @/G Ihtieri Givrioir.......................................................................................2=

YZEYO@C@ B@@O'ZIW' ...........................................................................................27OCI RI GI,I]OIHG']CI .................................................................................29TI]BK]C@H^ WI^W' .................................................................................................22

CKGO GI,I]OIHG']CI...........................................................................................21NIR@T @H@AW@]O@]J .................................................................................................54F@ZH@FO@] ..................................................................................................................50

HGIFOI]


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jj

@JFO@C@O@]FKG 9=> IK 4401

@O@H Ioiftrjf Ioiftrkhjf Wifhkokljsj

G@O/CIÔIF Gò Krt`f

CKGOH @GJ Okljf Yyeuo`cò`r&>

CKGOH W@HJCJ

Gjljtò ioiftrkhjf givri t`s`r#c#hg` fuoo`h#o`h s`y#n#o`r,

f`ygigjnjoir joi gjljtò `hòke ivjrjnjoir vi `hòke gjljtòivjrjnjoirj `ho`t`h rihci c`tiryòjgjr.

^]I 74 / >=

H FK'YO Gà` hnifj ckgooirj t`c`co`c#$koc`f.

ZIWI]OF^`y#n# vi f`ygigjnj givrioirjhj furup, okljf f`p#o`ro`

fuc`hg` givrioirjhj furc`f.

CKGOH @C@NJ

Eihio @c`

F`ygigjnj givrioirjhj vi Gjljtò/@hòke, @hòke/Gjljtògivrioirjhj furup ò#$t#r`mjoinifsjhjz.

@cò`r

0. ^`y#n#givrioirjhj a`t`s#z furup ò#$t#rt`mjoinifsjhjz.=. F`ygigjnj givrioirjhj a`t`s#z furup ò#$t#r`mjoinifsjhjz.>. Gjljtò `hòke vi `hòke gjljtò givrioirj a`t`s#z furup

ò#$t#r`mjoinifsjhjz.

@JFO@C@O@]


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6/77

jv


7/77

0

E]'îvejoj *rihnj,

Muhg`h y`fo`$#f iooj y#o hni ritjc io tizeao`r#hg` y`p#o`r`f tc j$oir jhs`h en joijoirojykrgu. ritjoih rhoir z`tih kf `z koguu jjh fòjtigih kf ritjcjh s`y#s# hicojjgj. @hn`f ehczgi ritjc myf s`h`yj furuou$o`r#hg` vi ktkc`sykh sjsticoirj joieirifoi$tjrjocifti vi pjy`s`g` kou$`h rif`mit krt`c#hg`h gko`y# `rt#f ritjcgi, ritjc`gigjhgih kf ritjoih c`cuoh fòjtisj hicojgjr. '$ti mu hkft`g` mu ehi f`g`rrihgjjcjz gjljtò mjoejoir uyeuo`c`y` yhiojf ko`r`f fuoo`h#o`mjojr aòi eiociyi m`$o#ykr.

Mu ckgooi gà` hnigih rihgjjcjz bojp-bokp givrioirj fuoo`h#o`r`f s`y#n#

givrioirj t`s`ro`y`mjoinijz. ^jzoiri mu ckgoh mjrjhnj b`òjyitjhgi s`y#n#o`r#h t`s`ro`hc`s#a`ff#hg` i$jtoj mjoejoir virjoiniftjr. M`z#s`y#n#uyeuo`cò`r#y`p#o`n`ft#r.

Ckgoh jfjhnj b`òjyitjhgi jsi, mjoejoirjh miooif mjrjcoirjhgi hi $ifjogi s`fo`hg##a`ff#hg` jof `g#co`r `ho`t#o`n`ft#r. îfjz vi kh òt# mjtojf miooif mjrjcoirj joi uyeuo`cò`ry`p#o`n`ft#r.

Ckgoh hn b`òjyitjhgi jsi, miofj gi ih kf f`r$#h#z` #f`n`f ko`h gjljtòmjoejoirj `hòke mjoejoiri vi `hòke mjoejoirj gjljtò mjoejoiri ivjrci j$oicj y`p`h G@N vi@GNoir a`ff#hg` mjoejoir igjhinifsjhjz.

@hn`f aic mu ckgo aic gi gjir ckgooir jjh sjzi ko`h hirjc $ugur< Ckgooirgi

rihgjjhjz mjoejoir sjzjh ubfuhuzg` mjr himzi kosuh eihj$oici sò`c`ft`g#r. Mu hkft`g`hskhr` j$sjzjh ò#$c`h#z` fòc`ft`g#r. Iir rihgjfoirjhjzjh zirjhi pjy`s`h#h jatjyò`r#hùyeuh mjoejoir ifoiyimjojrsihjz sjzj gjir r`fjpoirjhjzjh kf hhi eijrinif mjr fkhucg` yirò`mjojrsjhjz.

Gjoirjc aipjhjzjh m`$`r#o#ko`mjoinij mjr ò#$c` kour.

M`$`r#o`r.

E]'


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=


9/77

>

#]IHCI B@@OZIW0

^`y#n# givri i$jtoirjhj t`h#y`r`f, sihfrkh, `sihfrkh vi ckgou s`y#n#o`rt`s`ro`y`mjoinifsjhjz. W`s`ro`c#$ koguuhuz s`y#n#o`r# mjoejs`y`r krt`c#hg` vi mri`g mk`rgzirjhgi uyeuo`y`mjoinifsjhjz.

Mu b`òjyit hnisjhgi y`pc`h#z eirifih `r`$t#rcò`r $uho`rg#r4 hsojf mjr einjfci kour. Yzuh srioir jjh mu skruh

kou$tur`mjojr. Mu einjfci gurucuhg`h gko`y#`sihfrkh bojp bokpo`r z`c`h gihitjcjhgi tirnjaigjocizoir. @hn`f s`y#c j$oicoirj jjh jgiò ziooji sàjptjroir. Cisio, mjr m`htt`h eiihrhoirj s`yc`f jjh fuoo`h#rs`f vi air rh eitjjhgi mjr s``t sjhyòj ehgirjojrsi m`tt`heiih rhoirj s`yc#$kouruz.

0.0.0 @sihfrkh Zuf`r&^`y&n&o`r

0.0.0.0. Mjtojf ^`y&n&

Mjr hnifj ckgo gih gi a`t#ro`y`n`#c#z ziri iir LF bojp bokpuh L vi F ejrj$oirjhi0 uyeuo`rs`f Wkeeoi (air gib`s#hg` #f#$#h guruc gij$tjrcisj) ckguhg` ò#$#r. @hn`f s``t

sjhyòj mjr pkzjtjb vi mjr hie`tjb òtirh`hs# t`c`co`g##hg` (0 pirjykguhg`) LF bojp bokps`gini mjr firi fkhuc gij$tjr (0 òtirh`hs kou$ur). Mjrjhnj bojp bokp s``t sjhyòjhjh brif`hs#h#jfjyi moc$ kour. Mjrjhnj bojp bokpuh #f#$# jfjhnj bojp bokpuh ejrj$jhi mò`hg##hg` `yh#j$oic jfjhnj bojp bokp jjh gi eirifoi$cj$kour. Mu gurucg` ejrj$tifj s``t sjhyòjhjh brif`hs#jfjhnj bojp bokpuh #f#$#hg` grgi mohc$kour.

Hkt


12/77

2

'ifjo 0.=< mjtojf `sihfrkh yuf`r&s`y&n&givrisj

*ifjo 0.=gifj givriyj jhnioirsif, tc bojp bokpo`r#h ejrj$jhi mjr uyeuo`hc#$guruc g`vi s``t sjhyòj s`gini mjrjhnj bojp bokp` uyeuo`h#ykr. 'of gurucg` tc #f#$o`r#h 4 koguuhug$hiojc. ^``t sjhyòjhjh jof g$ih fih`r#hg` (0 jfih 4 koguu `h) mjrjhnj bojp bokp P #f#$#0 kour. Mu `yh#z`c`h g` jfjhnj bojp bokpuh s``t ejrj$jhi uyeuo`h#r. 'fjhnj mjr s``t sjhyòj joi

mjrjhnj bojp bokpuh P #f#$#4 kour. Mu gurucu jfjhnj bojp bokp mjr g$ih fih`r ko`r`f òe#o`g##jjh #f#$#fkhuc gij$tjrjr vi 4 ko`h #f#$#0 ko`r`f gij$jr. hn s``t sjhyòjhgi mjrjhnjbojp bokp tifr`r fkhuc gij$tjrjr, y`hj 4 jfih 0 kour. Mu guruc jfjhnj bojp bokpuh ejrj$jhi giuyeuo`h#r `c` mu guruc yfsioih fih`r koguu jjh jfjhnj bojp bokpuh fkhuc gij$tjrcisjhisimip koc`z. Mur`g`fj bojp bokpo`r s``t ejrj$jhgifj sjhyò s`gini 0 jfih 4 koguuhg`titjfoihjr. Mjr skhr`fj s``t sjhyòjhgi jsi jof jfj bojp bokp 4 kourfih hn bojp bokp 0 gurucuò#r. Mu guruc aipsj 000 kouhn`y` f`g`r giv`c igir, gà` skhr` aipsj 444 ko`r`f ih m` $t`h

m`$o`r.


13/77

5

'ifjo 0.>< > mjtojf `sihfrkh yuf`r&s`y&n&h&h z`c`h er`bj*j

f!o`rNOF

@ M N

4 4 4 4

0 4 4 0

= 4 0 4

> 4 0 0

7 0 4 4

9 0 4 0

2 0 0 45 0 0 0

W`mok 0.0< > mjtojf `sihfrkh yuf`r&s`y&n&gk*ruouf t`moksu

0.0.0.=. Grt Mjtojf ^`y&n&

@sihfrkh 7 mjtojf s`y#n#> mjtojftih b`rfo#ko`r`f `rf`s#h` mjr bojp bokp gà` ifoihcj$aòjgjr. Gko`y#s#yo` 4444g`h 0000i f`g`r s`yc` j$oicj y`pc`ft`g#r. ò#$c` prihsjmj >

mjtojf s`y#n# joi `yh#g#r. *ifjo 0.7gi grt mjtojf s`y#n#h#h givrisj, z`c`h gjyèr`c# vigkruouf t`moksu virjocj$tjr.


14/77

1

'ifjo 0.9< @sihfrkh grt mjtojf yuf`r&s`y&n&

'ifjo 0.2< Grt mjtojf `sihfrkh yuf`r&s`y&n&z`c`h gjy`er`c&


15/77

:

f!o`rNOF

@ M N G4 4 4 4 4

0 4 4 4 0

= 4 4 0 4

> 4 4 0 0

7 4 0 4 4

9 4 0 4 0

2 4 0 0 4

5 4 0 0 0

1 0 4 4 4

: 0 4 4 0

04 0 4 0 400 0 4 0 0

0= 0 0 4 4

0> 0 0 4 0

07 0 0 0 4

09 0 0 0 0

W`mok 0.=< Grt mjtojf `sihfrkh yuf`r&s`yn&gk*ruouf t`moksu

@sihfrkh grt mjtojf s`y#n# joi 4g`h 09i f`g`r jfjojf gzihgi s`yc` j$oicjeirifoi$tjrimjojrjz. Mur`g` gjff`t itcicjz eirifih mjr fkhug` ff m`s`c`f jof bojp bokp`

mò# ko`h G #f#$#g#r. Zuf`r#g`fj s`y#y# jb`gi iginif kours`f @MNG $ifojhgi y`zcò#y#z.

Mu guruc eihio ojtir`tr gi C^G (ih myf m`s`c`f), O^G (ih ff m`s`c`f) ko`r`f`go`hg#r#o#r. Mur`g` @ ih myf m`s`c`f, G jsi ih ff m`s`c`` f`r$#o#f eiojr. W`mok0.=g` grt mjtojf `sihfrkh yuf`r#s`y#n#h#h gkruouf t`moksu virjocj$tjr.

0.0.=. @sihfrkh @,`*&^`y&n&o`r

0.0.=.0 Mjtojf ^`y&n&

mjtojf `$`# gkru s`y#n#o`rg` s`y#n# s`yc` j$oicjhi jof s``t sjhyòj joi mjrojfti000gih m`$o`r vi 444` f`g`r `$`# gkru s`yc` j$oicj y`p`r. Gà` skhr` s`yc` j$oicjyjhi 000 kour. Ghe mu $ifjogi giv`c igir.

mjtojf `$`#s`y#n#h#h mjtojf yuf`r#s`y#n#g`h b`rf#jfjhnj bojp bokpuh s``t sjhyòjmjrjhnj bojp bokpuh P #f#hg`h gijo gi P' #f#$#hg`h ò#hc#$t#r. @yh# $ifjogi hn bojpbokpuh g` s``t sjhyòj jfjhnj bojp bokpuh P' #f#$#hg`h ò#hc#$t#r.

A`t&ro`tc`


16/77

04

bojp bokpuhg` P #f#$#4 jfih 0 kour. P' #f#$#g` 0 jfih s#b#r koguuhg` mu guruc hn bojpbokpu titjfoir mu s`yigi jof s``t sjhyòj joi bojp bokpuhg` #f#$#0 kour vi air s``t sjhyòj joi

`$`#gkru s`yc` j$oicj giv`c igir. 'fjojf gzihgi 5gih 4` gkru s`yc` j$oicj y`p`r.

'ifjo 0.5< mjtojf `sihfrkh `,`*&s`y&n&givrisj

'ifjo 0.1< mjtojf `sihfrkh `,`*&s`y&n&givrisj z`c`h gjyèr`c&


17/77

00

f!o`rNOF

@ M N4 0 0 0

0 0 0 4

= 0 4 0

> 0 4 4

7 4 0 0

9 4 0 4

2 4 4 0

5 4 4 4

W`mok 0.>< mjtojf `sihfrkh `,`*&s`y&n&givrisj gk*ruouf t`moksu

0.0.=.= Grt Mjtojf ^`y&n&

@sihfrkh grt mjtojf eirj s`y#n#h#h ò#$c` prihsjmj mjtojf eirj s`y#n#h#h ò#$c`

is`s#joi `yh#g#r. Wif b`rf#mjr bojp bokp gà` ifoihcj$koc`s#g#r. Muhg`h gko`y# >= gih gijogi 7= gih eirj s`y`mjociftigjr. M`$o`he# s`y#s#jfjojf gzihgi 5 yirjhi 09tih m`$o`r. Grt

mjtojf `sihfrkh `$`# s`y#n#h#h givrisj, z`c`h gjyèr`c#*ifjo 0.: vi 0.04g` vi gkruouft`moksu W`mok 0.7gi erociftigjr.

'ifjo 0.:< @sihfrkh grt mjtojf `,`*&s`y&n&


18/77

0=

'ifjo 0.04< Grt mjtojf `sihfrkh `,`*&s`y&n&givrisj z`c`h gjy`er`c&

f!o`rNOF

@ M N G

4 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 4

= 0 0 4 0

> 0 0 4 4

7 0 4 0 09 0 4 0 4

2 0 4 4 0

5 0 4 4 4

1 4 0 0 0

: 4 0 0 4

04 4 0 4 0

00 4 0 4 4

0= 4 4 0 0

0> 4 4 0 4

07 4 4 4 0

09 4 4 4 4

W`mok 0.7< Grt mjtojf `sihfrkh `,`*&s`y&n&givrisj gk*ruouf t`moksu


19/77

0>

YZEYO@C@ 0

Ihtierioj @sihfrkh 7 mjt fjojf Zuf`r&^`y&n&(575>)

Zuf`r#g` `sihfrkh s`y#n#o`rg`h m`asittjftih skhr` $jcgj mjr uyeuo`c` joirihgjfoirjcjzj pifj$tjrinijz. Mu uyeuo`c`y#575> ihtieri givrisj joi eirifoi$tjrinijz.575> ihtierisj jirjsjhgi jfj `git LF bojp bokp muouhgur`h mjr ihtieri givrigjr. *ifjo 0.00 vi0.0=gi jy`p#s#vi m`n`fo`r#h#h erivoirj miojrtjocj$tjr.

'ifjo 0.00< 575> LF bojp bokp ihtierisjhjh j y`p&s&

'ifjo 0.0=< Ihtierioj `sihfrkh 7 mjt mjh`ry yuf`r&s`y&n&


20/77

07

Còzici Ojstisj

0 @git Mri`g Mk`rg0 @git +9 R GN E F`yh`#0 @git ^jhyò Lih`r`tr (Ksjo`tr)= @git 575> Ihtieri2 @git >:4 /Gjrih7 @git F#rc#z#Oig= @git Zi$jo Oig

,oic M`s`c`fo`r& hirjoir

hniojfoi còzici skrucousuhg`hjatjy`n#h#z ko`h còzicioirj ò#h#z. Còzicioirj *ifjo 0.0= gifj $ifjogi

mk`rg zirjhi furuhuz. hniojfoi NO] unuhu 4 gurucuh` ò#h#z. Givriyi ihirlj (+9R) virjhjz. Givriyi ^``t sjhyòjhj uyeuo`y#h#z. NO] unuhu 0 gurucuh` òg##h#zg`

givri ò#$c`y` vi s`yc`y`m`$o`y`n`ft#r.

^``t sjhyòj giv`c ittjj srini givriyuf`r#s`yc` j$oicjhi giv`c iginiftjr.

Fuoo`h`n`#h#z còzicioirjh

sò`co##h#fkhtrko igjhjz. Mk`rg zirjhi givriyj fur`rfih6 givriyj

fko`y t`fjp igimjocif jjh ko`mjogjjhnib`rfo# rihfoirgi tiooir fuoo`hc`y`ò#$#h#z.

Givriyj mk`rg zirjhi furc`y#t`c`co`g#ft`h skhr` tifr`r ezoi fkhtrkoigjhjz. Gà` skhr` ihirlj virjhjz.

Mu uyeuo`c`g` y`pt##c#z givrihjh`#f erhts, z`c`h gjyèr`c# vigkruouf t`moksu `yr#ht#o# ko`r`f grt

mjtojf yuf`r# s`y#n# fkhusuhgèstirjocj$tjr.

0.=. îhfrkh ^`y&n&o`r

îhfrkh s`y#n#o`rg` `sihfrkh s`y#n#o`rg`h b`rfo# ko`r`f s``t sjhyòj s`gini jof bojpbokp` gijo tc bojp bokpo`r` `yh# `hg` uyeuo`h#r. ^jsticgifj tc bojp bokpo`r `yh# `hgèjrj$oirjhgifj sjhyòoirj j$oiroir. Muhg`h gko`y# z`c`h einjfcisj kou$c`z vi a`ss`s ko`r`fz`c`h ooimjojr. îhfrkh s`y#n#o`rg` bojp bokpo`r` if ko`r`f f`p#o`rg` fuoo`h#r.

0.=.0. ihfrkh Zuf`r&^`y&n&o`r

0.=.0.0. Mjtojf ^`y&n&

mjtojf sihfrkh yuf`r#s`y#n#444g`h m`$o`y#p 000i f`g`r s`yc` j$oicj y`p`r.


21/77

09

'ifjo 0.0>< mjtojf sihfrkh yuf`r&s`y&n&givrisj

îhfrkh mjtojf s`y#n# givrisjhjh ò#$c`s#h# `#fo`rfih hniojfoi s``t sjhyòjuyeuo`hc`g## `hg`h m`$o`cò#y#z. *ifjo 0.0>gi erog ejmj, s`gini BB>i +9 Ruyeuo`hc#$ gurucg`. Muhg`h gko`y# air s``t sjhyòj joi @ #f#$# fkhuc gij$tjriniftjr.Mur`g` @ ih ff m`s`c`f N jsi ih myf m`s`c`ft#r.

'of s``t sjhyòj joi mjrojfti BB>h P #f#$#fkhuc gij$tjririf @ #f#$#4 jfih 0 kour.Mu #f#$`yh#z`c`hg` BB=hjh L vi F ejrj$oirjhi uyeuo`h#r. Mu BB=hjh jfjhnj s``t sjhyòjjoi 4 jfih 0 koc`s#h#sò`rfih `yh#z`c`hg` @ #f#$#h#h g` 4 koc`s#h#sò`r. hn s``tsjhyòj joi @ #f#$# tifr`r 0 kour b`f`t BB=hjh ejrj$oirjhgi hn s``t sjhyòjhgih hni 4

mjoejsj koguu jjh fkhuc gij$tjrciz 0 ko`r`f fòc`y` giv`c igir. hn s``t sjhyòjskhuhg` @ #f#$# vi M #f#$# 0 koguuhg`h givrigifj @HG f`p#s#h#h #f#$# 0 kour vi muguruc BB0jh ejrj$oirjhi uyeuo`h#r. Grghn s``t sjhyòj joi N #f#$# 0 kourfih M vi @#f#$o`r#4 kouro`r.

Muhg`h skhr`fj s``t sjhyòojhgi jsi jof guruc tifr`ro`h#r vi @, M vi N #f#o`r#0kour. Mjr skhr`fj s``t sjhyòj joi gi 4 gurucuhu ò #r vi mu $ifjogi s`yc` j$oicj giv`cigir. *ifjo 0.07gi givrihjh z`c`h gjyèr`c# vi W`mok 0.9gi jsi gkruouf t`moksu

virjocj$tjr.


22/77

02

'ifjo 0.07< mjtojf sihfrkh yuf`r&s`y&n&h&h z`c`h er`bj*j

f!o`rNOF

N M @

4 4 4 4

0 4 4 0

= 4 0 4

> 4 0 07 0 4 4

9 0 4 0

2 0 0 4

5 0 0 0

W`mok 0.9< > mjtojf sihfrkh yuf`r&s`y&n&gk*ruouf t`moksu

0.=.0.=. Grt Mjtojf ^`y&n&

Grt mjtojf sihfrkh s`y#n# 4444g`h m`$o`y#p 0000i f`g`r s`yc` j$oicj y`p`r.ò#$c` prihsjmj mjtojf sihfrkh s`y#n#y` mihzir. mjtojf sihfrkh s`y#n#g` ih myf

m`s`c`#0 gurucuh` eitjrcif jjh khg`h hnifj jfj m`s`c`#h 0 koc`s#eirifjykrgu. Muguruc g` mjr @HG f`p#s# joi sò`hc#$t#. Grt mjtojf s`y#n#g` eihi `yh# is`s zirjhifuruourgur. Ih myf m`s`c`#h 0 koc`s#jjh jof m`s`c`#h 0 koc`s#eirifjr. Mu g`

mjtojf s`y#n#y` mjr @HG f`p#s#vi mjr bojp bokp ifoihirif sò`h`mjojr. *ifjo 0.09gi grt mjtojfsihfrkh s`y#n# givrihjh $ifoj, *ifjo 0.02g` z`c`h gjyèr`c# vi W`mok 0.9gi gkruouft`moksu virjocj$tjr.


23/77

05

'ifjo 0.09< Grt mjtojf sihfrkh yuf`r&s`y&n&givrisj

'ifjo 0.02< Grt mjtojf sihfrkh yuf`r&s`y&n&h&h z`c`h er`bj*j


24/77

01

f!o`rNOF

G N M @4 4 4 4 4

0 4 4 4 0

= 4 4 0 4

> 4 4 0 0

7 4 0 4 4

9 4 0 4 0

2 4 0 0 4

5 4 0 0 0

1 0 4 4 4

: 0 4 4 0

04 0 4 0 4

00 0 4 0 0

0= 0 0 4 4

0> 0 0 4 0

07 0 0 0 4

09 0 0 0 0

W`mok 0.2< Grt mjtojf sihfrkh yuf`r&s`y&n&gk*ruouf t`moksu

0.=.=. îhfrkh @,`*&^`y&n&o`r

0.=.=.0. Mjtojf ^`y&n&

îhfrkh mjtojf `$`# s`y#n# 000m`$o`y#p 444` f`g`r s`yc` j$oicj y`p`hs`y#n#o`rg#r. îhfrkh s`y#n#o`r#h ò#$c`s#hg` òt m`s`c`ft`h st m`s`c`` gkru misoiciyjP #f#$#hg`h gijo gi P' #f#$#hg`h y`p`rs`f s`yc` j$oicj 000gih m`$o`y`r`f eirjyi gkrujoiroir. 444` uo`$#hn` tifr`r 000 kour vi mu $ifjogi ghe giv`c igir.

Mu givrihjh ò#$c`s#h#`#fo`y`n`f kours`f, hniojfoi s``t sjhyòj virjocigih hnifjgurucu jhnioicicjz eirifjr. 'of s``t sjhyòj virjocigih hni bojp bokpo`r#h P #f#$# 4, P'#f#$# 0 koguu gurucgur. Mu gurucg` jof s``t sjhyòjhgih hni tc bojp bokpo`r#h LF

m`n`fo`r#h` 0 mjoejsj uo`$c#$ gurucg`g#r. Z`hj 4 ko`h P #f#$o`r# 0 koc`y` a`z#r aògimifoiciftigjroir. 'of s``t sjhyòj joi mir`mir tc bojp bokpo`r#h P #f#$#0 kour. P' #f#$o`r#g`4 kour. Mu `$`c`g`h skhr` air s``t sjhyòj joi BB> fkhuc gij$tjrjr. Mu fkhuc gij$tjrci

BB= yj air jfj sjhyògi mjr, BB>hgi air grt sjhyògi mjr fkhuc gij$tjrcisjhi simip kour.Mu gij$jcoir skhunu 000gih m`$o`y`h s`y#n# givrisj 444` uo`$#hn`y` f`g`r s`yc`j$oicjhi giv`c igir. Mjr skhr`fj s``t sjhyòj joi tifr`r 000 ko`r`f s`yc` j$oicj giv`ciginiftjr.

LF bojp bokpo`r#h mò`h#$ mjjcj *ifjo 0.05gi, z`c`h gjyèr`c# *ifjo 0.01gi vigkruouf t`moksu W`mok 0.5gi virjocj$tjr.


25/77

0:

'ifjo 0.05< mjtojf sihfrkh `,`*&s`y&n&givrisj

'ifjo 0.01< mjtojf sihfrkh `,`*&s`y&n&h&h z`c`h er`bj*j


26/77

=4

f!o`rNOF

N M @4 0 0 0

0 0 0 4

= 0 4 0

> 0 4 4

7 4 0 0

9 4 0 4

2 4 4 0

5 4 4 4

W`mok 0.5< mjtojf sihfrkh `,`*&s`y&n&gk*ruouf t`moksu

0.=.=.=. Grt Mjtojf ^`y&n&

Grt mjtojf sihfrkh eirj s`y#n#0000gih m`$o`y`r`f 4444` f`g`r eirjyi gkru s`yc`j$oicj y`p`mjociftigjr. `o#$c`s# mjtojf joi y`fo`$#f `yh#g#r. Givri $ic`s#*ifjo 0.0:g`,z`c`h gjy`er`c#*ifjo 0.=4gi vi gkruouf t`moksu W`mok 0.1gi virjocj$tjr.

'ifjo 0.0:< Grt mjtojf sihfrkh `,`*&s`y&n&givrisj


27/77

=0

'ifjo 0.=4< Grt mjtojf sihfrkh `,`*&s`y&n&h&h z`c`h er`bj*j

f!o`rNOF

G N M @

4 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 4

= 0 0 4 0

> 0 0 4 4

7 0 4 0 09 0 4 0 4

2 0 4 4 0

5 0 4 4 4

1 4 0 0 0

: 4 0 0 4

04 4 0 4 0

00 4 0 4 4

0= 4 4 0 0

0> 4 4 0 4

07 4 4 4 0

09 4 4 4 4

W`mok 0.1< mjtojf sihfrkh `,`*&s`y&n&gk*ruouf t`moksu


28/77

==

YZEYO@C@ =

Bojp Bokp Ihtierisj joi îhfrkh 7 Mjt fjojf @,`*&^`y&n&(575> -5741)

Zuf`r#g` sihfrkh s`y#n#o`r#h ò#$c` is`so`r#h#jhnioigjftih skhr` $jcgj 575> LF bojpbokp ihtierisj vi 5741 @HG f`p# ihtierisjhj fuoo`h`r`f grt mjtojf `$`# s`y#n# givrisjuyeuo`c`s#h# eirifoi$tjrinijz. 575> ihtierisjhjh jy`p#s#h# mjr hnifj uyeuo`c`g`virgjjcjz jjh mur`g` tifr`r vircjykruz. 5741jh j y`p#s#*ifjo 0.=0gi virjocj$tjr.

Còzici Ojstisj

0 @git Mri`g Mk`rg0 @git +9 R GN E F`yh`#0 @git ^jhyò Lih`r`tr (Ksjo`tr)= @git 575> Ihtieri0 @git 5741 Ihtieri9 @git >:4 /Gjrih7 @git F#rc#z#Oig0 @git Zi$jo Oig

'ifjo 0.=0< 5741 @HG f`p&ihtierisjhjh j y`p&s&


29/77

=>

'ifjo 0.==< Ihtierioj sihfrkh 7 mjt mjh`ry `,`*&s`y&n&


hniojfoi còzici skrucousuhg`hjatjy`n#h#z ko`h còzicioirj ò#h#z.

Còzicioirj *ifjo 0.==g`fj $ifjogimk`rg zirjhi furuhuz.

Givriyi ihirlj(+9R) virjhjz. Givriyi s``t sjhyòjhj uyeuo`y#h#z. NO] unuhu 0 gurucuh` òg##h#zg`

givri ò#$c`y` vi s`yc`y`m`$o`y`n`ft#r.

^``t sjhyòj giv`c ittjj srini givri`$`#s`yc` j$oicjhi giv`c iginiftjr.

Fuoo`h`n`#h#z còzicioirjh

sò`co##h#fkhtrko igjhjz. Mk`rg zirjhi givriyj fur`rfih6 givriyj

fko`y t`fjp igimjocif jjh ko`mjogjjhnib`rfo# rihfoirgi tiooir fuoo`hc`y`ò#$#h#z.

Zi$jo oigj eirjojc koup koc`g##h#fkhtrkooigj ko`r`f fuoo`h#h#z.


Mu uyeuo`c`g` y`pt##c#z givrihjh`#f erhts, z`c`h gjyèr`c# vi

gkruouf t`moksu `yr#ht#o# ko`r`f grtmjtojf `$`# s`y#n# fkhusuhgèstirjocj$tjr.


30/77

=7

YZEYO@C@ >

îhfrkh 7 Mjt fjojf Zuf`r&- @,`*&^`y&n&(570:>)

îhfrkh s`y#n#o`r# LF bojp bokpo`r vi @HG f`p#s# ihtierioirj joi y`p#o`mjoinij ejmjtcoi$jf s`y#n# ihtierioirj gi civnuttur. Mu uyeuo`c`c#zg` muho`rg`h mjrj ko`h 570:>îhfrkh yuf`r#-`$`# s`y#n# ihtierisj joi mjr uyeuo`c` y`p`n`#z. Mu ihtieri givrigi bojpbokpo`r#mjrmjrjhi mò`c`f yirjhi s`gini #f#$o`r#vi eirifoj mò`ht#o`r#y`p`r`f givriyj tifihtieri joi fur`mjojrsjhjz.

'ifjo 0.=>< îhfrkh 7 mjt jfjojf yuf`r&- `,`*&s`y&n&(570:>)

Còzici Ojstisj

0 @git Mri`g Mk`rg0 @git +9 R GN E F`yh`#0 @git ^jhyò Lih`r`tr (Ksjo`tr)0 @git 570:> Ihtieri1 @git >:4 /Gjrih7 @git F#rc#z#Oig> @git Zi$jo Oig


31/77

=9



Còzicioirj *ifjo 0.=>gifj $ifjogimk`rg zirjhi furuhuz.

Givriyi ihirlj(+9R) virjhjz. NO] ejrj$jhj hni 0 skhr` 4 fkhucuh`

ò#h#z. NOF GKUH ejrj$jhj 0i ò#h#z. NOF YT

ejrj$jhi NON sjhyòj uyeuo`y#h#z. NO]yj tifr`r 0i ò#h#z.

NOF YT ejrj$jhj 0i ò#h#z. NON GKUHejrj$jhi NON sjhyòj uyeuo`y#h#z.

NO]yj 4 ejririf givrihjh ò#$c`s#h#ezoicoiyjhjz. Hkto`r ò`r`f`rf`g`$o`r#h#z#h givrioirj joif`r$#o`$t#r#h#z.

Fuoo`h`n`#h#z còzicioirjhsò`co##h#fkhtrko igjhjz.

Mk`rg zirjhi givriyj fur`rfih6 givriyjfko`y t`fjp igimjocif jjh ko`mjogjjhnib`rfo# rihfoirgi tiooir fuoo`hc`y`ò#$#h#z. Zi$jo oigoirj NOF YT, NOFGKUH vi NO] jjh fuoo`h#h#z.


NO] ejrj$jhj hni 0 skhr` s#b#r

y`pt##c#zg` givri risitoihcj$ kour.#f#$o`r 4444 fkhucuhu ò#r. NOF GKUH 0i mò# NON YT` NOF

sjhyòj uyeuo`hg## gurucg` givri4444g`h 0000i f`g`r yuf`r# s`yc`j$oicj y`p`r.

NOF YT 0i mò# NOF GKUH jsiNOF sjhyòjhi mò# jfih givri `$`#s`yc` j$oicj y`p`r.(NO] 4 jfih)

0.>. Ckgou ^`y&n&o`r

Ckgou s`y#n#o`rg`h màsitcigih hni ckg f`vr`c#hg`h màsitciojyjz. Ckg, gjirmjr t`mjroi t`m`h `rjtcitjjgjr. Muhu rhifoi `#fo`y`n`f kours`f, Ckg 7 y` g` 7 t`m`h#h#hjirgjj r`f`co`r 40= - >tih kou$c`ft`g#r. Wkpo`c grt `git ioic`h# v`rg#r. @hn`f 7r`f`c#ckg 7h ioic`h#gijogjr. Ckg grgh ih myf ioic`h#> r`f`c#g#r.

Ckgou s`y#n#o`rg` k ckguh tc ioic`ho`r#h# s`y`h s`y#n#o`rg#r. Cisio, Ckg 2s`y#n#s#h#h ioic`ho`r# 40=>7-9tjr. W`s`ro`y`n`#c#z s`y#n# mu òt# r`f`c# s`y`r`ftifr`r 4` ghciojgjr.

^`y#n#o`rg` fuoo`h#o`h bojp bokp s`y#s# ckg s#h#r#h# miojroir. Cisio, > bojp bokp joic`fsjcuc Ckg 1 s`y#n#y`p#o`mjojr. Iir mjz ckg 04 s`y#n#y`pc`f jstjykrs`f cjhjcuc 7bojp bokp fuoo`hcò#y#z. Ckgou s`y#n#o`r miojroj mjr s#h#ro` s#h#ro`hg#r#oc#$ s`y#n#o`rg#r.^`y#n#o`r#h s`yc` s#h#r#h#ckgo`r#miojroir.

Gà` hni c`tic`tjf girsjhgi t`m`h `rjtcitjj vi gjljtò ioiftrkhjf girsjhgi Ckgfkhusu `g# òt#hg` ergcz fkhuyu f#s`n` a`t#ro`g#ft`h skhr` $jcgj fkhu joi joejoj jfjuyeuo`c` givrisj eirifoi$tjrinijz.


32/77

=2

YZEYO@C@ 7

4g`h :` Zuf`r&^`y&n&(577557:4)

Mu uyeuo`c`g` mjr Ckg 04 yuf`r# s`y#n# eirifoi$tjrinijz. Mu givrigifuoo`h`n`#c#z ihtierioirgih 57:4 ckg 04 s`y#n# ihtierisj. Air s``t sjhyòj joi #f#$o`r#4444g`h 0404` f`g`r gij$ih gà` skhr` tifr`r 4444 ko`h mjr s`y#n#g#r.

*u `h` f`g`r aic `ho`tt##c#z aic gi uyeuo`g##c#z tc s`y#n#o`r#h #f#$o`r#h#aip 0vi 4o`rg`h kou$`h jfjojf s`y#o`r ko`r`f ergf. Mu uyeuo`c`g` jsi #f#$o`r# mjr estireis`yisjhgi 4-0-=->: $ifojhi erimjoinijz. Mur`g` fuoo`hg##c#z 5775 ihtierisj jfjojfbkrcg`fj s`y#o`r# khouf bkrc` gh$trykr. Cisio, ejrj$oirjhi 4040 uyeuo`hg##hg` mjz

muhu estireigi 9 ko r`f erimjocicjz jjh eirifoj ivjrci j$oicjhj eirifoi$tjrjykr.

Còzici Ojstisj

0 @git Mri`g Mk`rg0 @git +9 R GN E F`yh`#0 @git ^jhyò Lih`r`tr (Ksjo`tr)0 @git 57:4 Ihtieri0> @git >:4 /Gjrih7 @git F#rc#z#Oig0 @git Zi$jo Oig0 @git Krt`f @hktou 5 T`rò#Estirei


33/77

=5

'ifjo 0.=7< 57:4 ihtierisj joi (4:) yuf`r&s`y&n&


34/77

=1



Còzicioirj *ifjo 0.=7gifj $ifjogimk`rg zirjhi furuhuz.

Givriyi ihirlj (+9R) virjhjz.

Givriyi s``t sjhyòj uyeuo`y#h#z.

Givrihjh ò#$c`s#h# ezoicoiyiriffkhu a`ff#hg` mjr r`pkr a`z#ro`y#h#z.


Mk`rg zirjhi givriyj fur`rfih6 givriyjfko`y t`fjp igimjocif jjh ko`mjogjjhnib`rfo#rihfoirgi tiooir fuoo`hc`y` ò#$#h.Zi$jo oigoirj NOF jjh fuoo`h#h#z.


Givriyi s``t sjhyòj uyeuo`g##h#z gèstireigi mjr r`f`c ezfinif. Mu

r`f`c#h MNG f`r$#o## g` oigoirgiezfiniftjr.

^``t sjhyòj giv`c ittjj srini oigoir4444g`h 0440i f`g`r s`yc` j$oicjy`p`rfih estireigi 4-: `r`s#hg` yuf`r#yhni s`yc` j$oicj y`p`n`ft#r.


35/77

=:

YZEYO@C@ B@@OZIW

4:: @r`s&Zuf`r&^`y&n&

'ifjo 0.=9< 57>:4 Ihtierisj joi (4::) yuf`r&s`y&n&

YZEYO@C@ B@@OZIW


36/77

>4

*ifjo 0.=9gi givri $ic`s#h# virgjjcjz s`y#n# givrisj 4:: `r`s#hg` s`yc` j$oicjy`pc`ft`g#r. Mur`g` s`yc` j$oicjhj 57>:4 ihtierisj eirifoi$tjrciftigjr. 5775 ihtierioirj

jsi ejrj$oirjhi eioih sjhyòoirj krt`f `hktou estireioirj srcif jjh fuoo`h#oc`ft`g#r.

Còzici Ojstisj

0 @git Mri`g Mk`rg0 @git +9 R GN E F`yh`#0 @git ^jhyò Lih`r`tr(Ksjo tr)0 @git 57>:4 Ihtieri= @git 5775 Ihtieri07 @git >:4 /Gjrih= @git F#rc#z#Oig= @git Krt`f @hktou 5 T`rò#Estirei



Còzicioirj *ifjo 0.=9gifj $ifjogimk`rg zirjhi furuhuz.


NO] ejrj$jhj 0i ò#p skhr` tifr`r 4`mò`y#h#z.

Givriyi s``t sjhyòj uyeuo`y#h#z.

Givrihjh ò#$c`s#h# ezoicoiyiriffkhu a`ff#hg` mjr r`pkr a`z#ro`y#h#z.


Mk`rg zirjhi givriyj fur`rfih6 givriyjfko`y t`fjp igimjocif jjh ko`mjogjjhnib`rfo# rihfoirgi tiooir fuoo`hc`y`ò#$#h#z.


NO] ejrj$jhi hni 0 skhr` 4uyeuo`hg##hg` givri risitoihinif.#f#$o`rg` 44 mjoejsj eror.

Givriyi s``t sjhyòj uyeuo`g##h#z gèstireioirgi 44,40,4= .:: $ifojhgis`yc` j$oicj eirifoi$iniftjr.

Givriyj aira`hej mjr `hg` risitoicifjstirsif NO] unuh` hni 0 skhr` 4uyeuo`y`mjojrjz.

Givri ::` f`g`r s`yg#ft`h skhr` mjrskhr`fj s``t sjhyòjhgi 44 ko`n`ft#r.

Givrihjh ò#$c` a#z# uyeuo`h`h s``tsjhyòjhjh a#z#h` mò#g#r.


37/77

>0

OCI RI GI#I]OIHG]CI

KMLIFWB WI^WOI] (OCI ^K]YO@]J)

0.@$`#g`fjoirgih a`hejsj s`y#n#i$jtoirjhgih gijogjr;@) @sihfrkh M) îhfrkh N) Msihfrkh G) Zuf`r#^`y#n#

=.1oj s`y#sjsticjhgi ih myf giiroj r`f`c f`t#r;@) 5 M) : N) 4 G) 1

>.^`y#n#o`r` uyeuo`h`h s``t sjhyòj a`hej bkrcg`g#r;

@) ^jhskjgò M) Wistiri gj$j N) Gz sjhyò G) F`ri gòe`

7.7 mjtojf `$`#s`y#n#g` 0040gih skhr`fj guruc `$`#g`fjoirgih a`hejsjgjr;

@) 0004 M) 0040 N) 0044 G) 0000

9.@sihfrkh s`y#n#o`r joi sihfrkh s`y#n#o`r `r`s#hg`fj b`rf `$`#g`fjoirgih a`hejsjgjr;

@) @sihfrkh s`y#n#o`rg` s``t sjhyòj s`gini jof bojp bokp` uyeuo`h#r, sihfrkhs`y#n#o`rg` jsi tc bojp bokpo`r` `yh#`hg` uyeuo`h#r.M) @sihfrkh s`y#n#o`r s`gini yuf`r#s`yc` j$oicj y`p`mjojroir, sihfrkh s`y#n#o`r jsiair jfj yhgi gi s`yc` j$oicj y`p`mjojroir.N) îhfrkh s`y#n#o`r s`gini yuf`r# gkru s`yc` j$oicj y`p`mjojroir, `sihfrkhs`y#n#o`r jsi air jfj yhgi s`yc` j$oicj y`p`mjojroir.G) @sihfrkh s`y#n#o`rg` s``t sjhyòj tc bojp bokpo`r` `yh#`hg` uyeuo`h#r, sihfrkhs`y#n#o`rg` jsi s``t sjhyòj s`gini jof bojp bokp` uyeuo`h#r.

2.^`y#n#givrisjhj furguft`h skhr` s``t sjhyòjhj a`hej nja`z `r`n#o##yo` uyeuo`r#z;@) @vkcitri M) Ksjo`tr N) Ksjo`sfkp G) ^piftruc `hòyzir

OCI RI GI#I]OIHG]CI


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TI]BK]C@H^ WI^W

Mu tist sjzjh uyeuo`c`y` yhiojf minirjoirjhjzj ociyj aigiboiyih mjr oci `r`n#g#r.Mur`g` sjzi t`mok aòjhgi mjr fkhtrko ojstisj suhuo`n`ft #r. Air mjr `$`c`y#gjff`tojni vi tjtjz

mjr $ifjogi y`p`r`f fkhtrko ojstisjhj gkoguruh. Fkhtrko ojstisjhjh gkoguruoc`s# fkhusuhg`ritcihjhjzgih y`rg#c ò`mjojrsjhjz. ^ri fkhusuhg` ritcihjhjzi g`h#$#h#z vi miojroihihsrioir jjhgi j$oirj y`pc`y` zih estirjhjz.

^@ZJNJ YZEYO@C@O@]JH@ ZHIOF FKHW]KO O^WI^

,]IHN'H'H@g#^ky`g#. Yyeuo`cò`rg` air gurucu tif tif eirifoi$tjririf mjoej fkhuo`r#joi f`r$#o`$t#rg#h#z c#;07. Givri skhuo`r#h#h sò`c`s#h#y`p#p, hkt ittjhjz cj;09. Yyeuo`c`y#ritcihjh miojrttjj sri jirsjhgi mjtjrgjhjz cj;02. Yyeuo`c`y#gkru s#r` joi y`pt#h#z c#;05. @tioyi `rf`g`$o`r#joi uyuc jjhgi cjygjhjz vi m`$fò`r#h#rà`ts#zittjhjz cj;01. @tioyi gzihjhj mkzunu a`rifitoirgi muouhguhuz cu;0:. Yyeuo`c` ish`s#hg` eirifoj evihojf tigmjroirjhi vi ritcihjhjf`zo`r#h` uyguhuz cu;=4. @rò`r#gjff`toj vi ticjz fuoo`hg#h#z c#;=0. @tioyiyj vi c`s`h#z#ticjz vi gzihoj fuoo`hg#h#z c#;==. Còziciyj jsr`b itcigih fuoo`h#p vi `rt`h còziciyj yirjhifkyguhuz cu;=>. oci `rò`r#h# fuoo`h#p, `y`ro`r#h#y`p`mjojykr cusuhuz;

Gihiy ^khuhg` Ezoihinif G`vr`h&,o`r Ivit A`y&r=7. Fuoo`hg##`r` vi eirioirj ticjzoiyirif gzihoj mjr $ifjogi yirjhifkyguhuz cu;=9. Yyeuo`c`y#y`pt##h#z yirj ticjzoigjhjz cj;=2. Yyeuo`c` skhuhg`, y`pt##ò#$c` joi joejoj r`pkr a`z#ro`g#h#z c#;

]`pkrg` Muouhc`s&Eirifih Aususo`r Ivit A`y&r`. Yyeuo`c`h#h @g#1

'ifjo =.2< 57O:0 1 mjtojf f`ygigjnj ihtierisjhjh j y`p&s&

Còzici Ojstisj

0 @git Mri`g Mk`rg0 @git +9 R GN E F`yh`#0 @git ^jhyò Lih`r`tr (Ksjo`tr)0 @git 57O:0 Ihtieri0 @git >:4 /Gjrih= @git F#rc#z#Oig= @git Zi$jo Oig0 @git ^`r#Oig

'ifjo =.5< îrj ejrj,-sirj &f&,1 mjtojf f`yg&r`h f`ygigjnj givrisj


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Còzicioirj *ifjo =.5gifj $ifjogi mk`rgzirjhi furuhuz.


@ vi M ejrj$oirjhj 4 gurucuh` ò#h#z. (@vi M mjrojfti fuoo`h#ocò#g#r.)


Mk`rg zirjhi givriyj fur`rfih6 givriyjfko`y t`fjp igimjocif jjh ko`mjogjjhnib`rfo# rihfoirgi tiooir fuoo`hc`y`ò#$#h#z. NOF ejrj$j jjh s`r#oig, @ vi Mejrj$oirj jjh f#rc#z#oig, P vi P' #f#$o`r#jjh yi$jo oig fuoo`h#h#z.

Givriyj mk`rg zirjhi furc`y#t`c`co`g#ft`h skhr` tifr`r ezoi fkhtrko

igjhjz. Gà` skhr` ihirlj virjhjz. Givriyi ihirlj virgjjhjz `hg` f`ygigjnj

zirjhgi aihz f`ygigjocj$ mjr mjoejmuouhc`c`ft`g#r.

Givriyi 1 `git s``t sjhyòjhjuyeuo`y#h#z.

@M ejrj$oirjhj 0 gurucuh` ò#h#z.

Givriyi mjr s``t sjhyòj uyeuo`y#h#z.

@M uo`r#h#4 fkhucuh` ò#h vi mjr s``tsjhyòj gà` uyeuo`y#h#z.

@M uo`r#h# tifr`r 0 fkhucuh` ò#h#z vimjr s``t sjhyòj uyeuo`y#h#z.

@M uo`r# 0 fkhucuhg` jfih grt s``tsjhyòj uyeuo`y#h#z.

F`ygigjnj jirjjhj ticjzoicif jjhyjhigi @M ejrj$oirj 4 gurucuh g` jfih 1s``t sjhyòj uyeuo`rs`f jirjj 44444444gurucuhu ò#r.

Givriyi ksjo`tr y`rg#c#yo` s``t sjhyòjuyeuo`y`mjoinijhjz ejmj iooi gi s``t

sjhyòj gi ritjoimjojr. ^khu ko`r`f bojpbokpo`r sjhyòjh 0gih 4 koguu aògititjfoihjr. Mu gurucu NOF unuhu +9 Rvi 4 R joi joitjci eijririf gisò`y`mjojrsjhjz.

@M uo`r#hg` 0 mjoejsj v`r jfih s``tsjhyòj uyeuo`hg##hg` f`ygigjnjyi 0

mjoejsj gipko`hc#$ kour vi jirjj04444444 $ifojhgi kou$ur.

@M uo`r#hg` 4 mjoejsj v`r jfih mjr sjhyòuyeuo`hg##hg` mjr hnifj 0 mjoejsj mjrs`` f`y`r vi jjhi 40444444 $ifojhgi

mjoej f`ygkocu$kour. Mu sjhyògih skhr` jjhgifj gà` hni

f`ygigjocj$ mjoejoir mjr s`` f`y`r vijirjf 04044444 aòjhj ò#r.

@M uo`r# mjr fkhucuhg` jfih grt s``tsjhyòj uyeuo`hg##hg` gà` hnifj

mjoejoir grt mjt s`` f`y`r vi @Mgurucu ih m`$t`fj 7 a`hiyi f`ygkour.00000404 $ifojhj ò#r.


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Mu mjoejoirj s#r`s# joi f`ygigjnj givrigihkfuy`mjocif jjh 1 s``t sjhyòj

uyeuo`c`h#z eirifjr.

Gà` hnigih gibtirjhjzi a`z#ro`g##h#zmjoejoirj 1 mjtojf sirj ejrj$-sirj #f#$

f`ygigjnjyi f`ygigjhjz vi gà` skhr`f`ygittjjhjz mjoejoirj kfuyuhuz.

=.=. îrj Ejrj,-T`ròio &f&,F`ygigjnjoir

F`yg#r`h f`ygigjnjoirjh jfjhnj tjpj ko`h sirj ejrj$-p`ròio #f#$ f`ygigjnjgi ejrj$oir`yh#$ifjogi sirj ko`r`f tif tif y`p#o#r. @hn`f sirj ejrj$-sirj #f#$f`ygigjnjgi b`rfo# ko`r`fejrj$ kou$tuuh g` #f#$o`r `yh# `hg` iogi igjojr. @yr#n` mu f`ygigjnjgi gjirjhgih b`rfo#ko`r`f NO] ejrj$j gi v`rg#r vi tc bojp bokpo`r` p`ròio mò#g#r.

îrj ejrj$-p`ròio #f#$ f`ygigjnjhjh ò#$c`s#h# mjr rhifoi `#fo`y`n`f kours`f.hniojfoi jirjsjhgi f`y#to# mjoejhjh muouhc`g##h# vi jof gurucuhuh 44444444 koguuhug$hiojc. Mjoej f`ygitcif jjh ejrj$unuhg`h t#pf# sirj ejrj$-sirj #f#$f`ygigjnjgi kouuejmj, air s``t sjhyòj joi mjr mjoej f`ygigimjojrjz. Iir grt s``t sjhyòj joi 0400 mjoejsjhj f`y#tittjysif. F`ygigjnjhjh #f#$#grt `g#cg` air f`y#t ejrj$j joi mir`mir $yoi gij$jr.

0. Nof ^jhyòj 04444444=. Nof ^jhyòj 00444444>. Nof ^jhyòj 400444447. Nof ^jhyòj 04004444

Zuf`rg` estirjogjj ejmj air ejrj$ `yh# `hg` #f#$t`h g` ò#h`mjojr. Muhuh mjzi sirj

ejrj$-sirj #f#$f`ygigjnjyi eri sò`g##sthof, f`ygittjjcjz mjoejyi tifr`r uo`$`mjocifjjh 1 s``t sjhyòj mifoicicjzi eirif fòc`c`s#g#r. *jcgj mu gurucu sirj ejrj$-p`ròio #f#$ihtierisj ko`h 57027 joi uyeuo`c`g` gà` jyj jhnioiyinijz.


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YZEYO@C@ =

îrj Ejrj,-T`ròio &f&,F`ygigjnj (57027)

Mu uyeuo`c` sirj ejrj$-p`ròio #f#$ ihtierisj ko`h 57027 joi y`p#oc`ft`g#r. *ifjo=.1gi ejrj$-#f#$o`r#vi j y`p#s#estirjociftigjr.

'ifjo =.1< 57027 ihtierisj vi j y`p&s&

Còzici Ojstisj

0 @git Mri`g Mk`rg0 @git +9 R GN E F`yh`#0 @git ^jhyò Lih`r`tr (Ksjo`tr)0 @git 57027 Ihtieri00 @git >:4 /Gjrih1 @git F#rc#z#Oig= @git Zi$jo Oig= @git ^`r#Oig


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'ifjo =.:< ^irj ejrj,p`r`oio &f&,1 mjtojf f`yg&r`h f`ygigjnj givrisj


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Còzicioirj *ifjo =.:g`fj $ifjogimk`rg zirjhi furuhuz.


Nor ejrj$jhj 4` ò#h skhr` tifr`r 0iò#h#z.

@ vi M ejrj$oirjhjh jfjsjhjh gi 0fkhucuh` ò#h vi s``t sjhyòjuyeuo`y#h#z.

@ viy` Mgih s`gini mjrjhj 4 fkhucuh`ò#h vi mjr s``t sjhyòj uyeuo`y#h#z.

*jcgj 00440404 mjoejsjhj f`y#t igjhjz.

Gà` hnigih a`z#ro`g##h#z i$jtoj 1mjtojf mjoejoirj f`y#t igirif gihiyoiry`p#h#z.


Mk`rg zirjhi givriyj fur`rfih6 givriyjfko`y t`fjp igimjocif jjh ko`mjogjjhnib`rfo# rihfoirgi tiooir fuoo`hc`y`ò#$#h. Nof vi Nor ejrj$j jjh s`r# oig, @vi M ejrj$oirj jjh yi$jo oig, P #f#$o`r#jjh f#rc#z#oig fuoo`h#h#z.

Givriyj mk`rg zirjhi furc`y#t`c`co`g#ft`h skhr` tifr`r ezoifkhtrko igjhjz. Gà` skhr` ihirlj virjhjz.

Nor ejrj$jhj 4 mjoejsj virjogjjhgif`ygigjnj zirjhgifj tc mjoejoir sjojhjr.#f#$o`r# 4 kour. Nor 0 gurucuh`ò#hg##hg` jsi yihj mjoej ejrciyi a`z#rgurucg`g#r.

Givriyi 0 mjoejsj f`ygigimjocif jjh @vi M ejrj$oirj 0 fkhucuh` ò#h#r vi mjrs``t sjhyòj uyeuo`h#r. ^``t sjhyòjuyeuo`hg## `hg` #f#$t` jof mjtjh 0koguu eror.

Givriyi 4 mjoejsj f`y#t itcifjstigjjcjzgi @ viy` Mgih mjrj 4

gurucuhg` jfih s``t sjhyòj uyeuo`h#r.Ejrjoih mjoej `yh# `hg` #f#$t` eror.Mjr hnifj mjoej 0 f`gici s`` f`y`r.

Mu mjoejyj f`y#t itcif jjh @ ejrj$jhjsrifoj 0 fkhucuhg` m#r`f#h. M ejrj$jhjjsi 0 f`y#t itcif jstigjjhjz gi 0fkhucuhg`, 4 f`y#t itcif jstigjjcjzgijsi 4 fkhucuhg` tutuh. Air mjr mjtj f`y#titcif jjh 0 s``t sjhyòj uyeuo`y#h#z. Mejrj$jhj gkru $ifjogi fkhucgij$tjririf 1 s``t sjhyòj skhuhg`virjoih mjoejyj f`y#t igimjojrjz.

F`ygigjnj jirjjhj ticjzoicif jjhyjhigi @ vi M ejrj$oirj 4 gurucuh g`jfih 1 s``t sjhyòj uyeuo`rs`f jirjj44444444 gurucuhu ò#r.


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=.>. T`ròio Ejrj,-îrj &f&,F`ygigjnjoir

F`yg#r`h f`ygigjnjoirjh hn tjpj ko`h6 p`ròio ejrj$-sirj #f#$f`ygigjnjgi ejrj$oirmjr gib`g` tc bojp bokpo`r#h ejrj$jhi uyeuo`h#r vi s``t g`rmisjhgih skhr` f`ygigjojr. #f#$jsiih skh bojp bokp #f#$#hg`h ò#h#r.

Mu fkhuyu 57029 ihtierisj joi y`p`n`#c#z mjr uyeuo`c` joi gà` jyj rihciyiò#$`n`#z.

YZEYO@C@ >

T`ròio Ejrj,-îrj &f&,F`ygigjnj (57029)

Mu uyeuo`c`g` 1 mjt p`ròio ejrj$-sirj #f#$ ihtierisj ko`h 57029 joi mjr givrit`s`ro`y`n`#z.

'ifjo =.04< 57029 ihtierisj

Ihtierigifj @git >:4 /Gjrih1 @git F#rc#z#Oig7 @git ^`r#Oig0 @git Zi$jo Oig


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Còzicioirj *ifjo =.00gifj $ifjogimk`rg zirjhi furuhuz.


Givriyi 00404040 mjoejsjhj f`y#t igiojc.Muhuh jjh @.A ejrj$oirjhj yuf`r#g`fj$ifjogi `y`ro`y#h#z.

Mjoejyj p`ròio ko`r`f f`y#t itcif jjhâO unuhu hni 4 gà` skhr` 0fkhucuh` ò#h#z.

NofJ ejrj$jhj vi ^J ejrj$jhj 4 gurucuh`ò#h. Mu gurucg` f`y#t igjnjhjh Pa#f#$#hg` s`gini f`y#t igjoih mjoejhjh skh

mjtj ko`h 0 eroiniftjr. Givriyi 0 s``t sjhyòj uyeuo`y#h#z.

Givriyi mjr s``t sjhyòj gàùyeuo`y#h#z.

Mu $ifjogi 9 s``t sjhyòj gàùyeuo`y#h#z.


Mk`rg zirjhi givriyj fur`rfih6 givriyjfko`y t`fjp igimjocif jjh ko`mjogjjhnib`rfo#rihfoirgi tiooir fuoo`hc`y` ò#$#h.Nof, NofJ, âO vi ^J ejrj$j jjh s`r# oig,@.A ejrj$oirj jjh f#rc#z# oig, P vi P'#f#$o`r#jjh yi$jo oig fuoo`h#h#z.


Mk`rg zirjh gi ff f`moko`r#hyiroirjhj gij$tjrjrfih n#cm#z y` g` f`re`

muruh fuoo`hc`h#z j$oirjhjzjfko`yo`$t#r`n`ft#r.

Mu `hg` @A `r`s#hg` `y`ro`g##c#zmjoej givriyi f`y#t igjocj$kogu.

NofJ ejrj$j Nof ejrj$jhj iheiooiyih mjrutur. NofJ 0 gurucuhg` jfih uyeuo`hNof g`rmioirj itfjh koc`z. NofJ 4fkhucuh` ò#hg##hg` Nof sjhyòjgivriyi uyeuo`hc#$kour.

Mu `hg` givrihjh #f#$#hg` s`g`h jfjhnjmjt ko`r`f 4 mjoejsj eror. @hn`f ^Jejrj$j 4 fkhucuhg` koguuhg` jjhgifj

mjoej air kfuhguuhg` givrihjh ihskouh` 4 mjoejsj f`y#t kour. Z`hj jfj Nofsjhyòj uyeuo`hg## jjh givrihjhzirjhgifj f`y#t 44004040 aòjhj ò#r.

Givrihjh #f#$#hg` skhg`h hn mjtko`h 0 mjoejsj kfuhc`ft`g#r. Muhuhy`h#hg` ^J ejrj$j 4 fkhucuhg` koguujjh givrihjh skouh` mjr s#b#r gàìfoihcj$ kour. jirjf mjoejsj 44400404

$ifojhgi kou$ur. Mu gurucg` air sjhyò joi mir`mirgivrihjh sirj #f#$#hg` uyeuh gij$jcoirkourfih sko mocigi 4 mjoejoirj ifoihjr.#f#$44444444 kour.


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*jcgj fihgjhjz yihj mjr 1 a`hioj jfjojfs`y#miojroiyirif khu ejr$joiri `y`ro`y#h.âO ejrj$jhj hni 4 skhr` 0 fkhucuh`ò`r`f mjoejyj f`y#t igjhjz.

Gà` skhr` ^J ejrj$jhj 0 fkhucuh`ò#h#z.

Gà` skhr` tif tif s``t sjhyòoirjuyeuo`y`r`f #f#$#ezoiyjhjz.

Mu $ifjogi i$jtoj uyeuo`cò`r y`p`r`fgivrihjh ò#$c`s#h#ezoiyjhjz.

^J ejrj$j 0 fkhucuh` ò#hg##hg` jsigivrihjh #f#$#hg` air mjoejkfuhguuhg` miooiftifj mjoejhjh skouh`0 mjoejsj ifoihiniftjr.

Givrihjh ò#$c`s# joi joejojezoicoirjhjzj mjr gibtiri hkt igjhjz,`rf`g`$o`r#h#zo` p`yo`$#h#z. ^#h#b` r`pkrko`r`f suhuhuz.

=.7. T`ròio Ejrj,-T`ròio &f&,F`ygigjnjoir

T`ròio ejrj$j-p`ròio #f#$ f`ygigjnjgi ejrj$oir mjr gib`g` tc bojp bokpo`r#h ejrj$jhiuyeuo`h#r vi mjr Nof sjhyòj joi mir`mir f`ygigjojr. @yh#`hg` p`ròio ko`h #f#$t` g` eror.

@$`#g`fj uyeuo`c`g` 7 mjtojf p`ròio ejrj$-p`ròio #f#$f`ygigjnj ihtierisj 570:9jfuoo`h`n`#z.


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YZEYO@C@ B@@OZIW

T`ròio Ejrj,-T`ròio &f&,F`ygigjnj (570:9)

Mu uyeuo`c`g` 7 mjt p`ròio ejrj$ p`ròio #f#$ ihtierisj ko`h 570:9 joi mjr givrit`s`ro`y`n`#z.

'ifjo =.0=< 570:9 ihtierisj

Ihtierigifj< T`ròio ejrj,-p`ròio &f&,7 mjtojf f`yg&r`h f`ygigjnj


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Còzicioirj *ifjo =.0>gifj $ifjogimk`rg zirjhi furuhuz.


Givriyi mjoej f`y#t itcigih hnigivrihjh jjhgifj mjoejoirj t`c`cihsjocif jjh Nor ejrj$jhj hni 0 skhr` 4gurucuh` ò#h#z.

*jcgj givriyi 0400 mjoejsjhj f`y#t itcifjjh @, M, N, G ejrj$oirjhj uyeuh $ifjogi`y`ro`y#h#z.

Givrihjh ejrj$jhi `y`ro`g##c#z mjoejyjf`y#t itcif jjh âO ejrj$jhj hni 4 skhr`0 fkhucuh` ò#h#z.

LF ejrj$oirjhj 44 fkhucuh` ò#h#z. Mjrs``t sjhyòj uyeuo`y#h#z.

LF ejrj$oirjhj 00 fkhucuh` ò#h#z vi mjrs``t sjhyòj uyeuo`y#h#z.

Mu gurucg` > s``t sjhyòj gàùyeuo`y#h#z.

Mu $ifjogi i$jtoj p`ròio vi sirj f`y#t itcij$oicoirj y`p`r`f skhuo`r# ezoiyjhjz viezoicoirjhjzj mjr r`pkr aòjhi eitjririf`rf`g`$o`r#h#zo` p`yo`$#h#z.


Mk`rg zirjhi givriyj fur`rfih6 givriyjfko`y t`fjp igimjocif jjh ko`mjogjjhnib`rfo#rihfoirgi tiooir fuoo`hc`y` ò#$#h.Nof, Nor, âO vi L F ejrj$j jjh s`r# oig,@.G ejrj$oirj jjh f#rc#z# oig, P`, Pm,Pn, Pg vi Pg' #f#$o`r# jjh yi$jo oig

fuoo`h#h#z. Givriyj mk`rg zirjhi furc`y#t`c`co`g#ft`h skhr` tifr`r ezoi fkhtrkoigjhjz. Gà` skhr` ihirlj virjhjz.

Givri miooijhgifj tc mjoej mu $ifjogisjojhcj$kogu.

Mu `hg` givrihjh ejrj$jhi `y`ro`g##c#zmjoejoir givrihjh miooijhi f`y#t igjogj.T`ròio mjoej f`y#t itci j$oicj t`rjbigjogjj ejmjgjr. Mjoej f`y#t igjogjj `hg`#f#$t` eroiniftjr.

LF ejrj$oirj sirj ejrj$oir jjh

fuoo`h#oc`ft`g#r. LF ejrj$oirj mir`mirfuoo`h#ocò#g#r. LF ejrj$oirj 44fkhucuhg` mjr s``t sjhyòjuyeuo`hg##hg` givrihjh miooijhgifj

mjoejhjh skouh` 4 mjoejsj ifoihjr vi a`b#z`4040 gurucuhu ò#r.

Mu gurucg` givrihjh skouh` 0 mjoejsjifoihjr vi miooiftifj mjoej 0404 $ifojhjò#r.

Mu $ifjogi givrihjh skouh` > `git 0mjoejsj ifoihjr vi miooiftifj mjoej 0000$ifojhj ò#r.

570:9 ihtierisjhi aic sirj aic gip`ròio mjoej ejrj$j y`p#o`mjociftigjr.@hn`f s`gini 7 mjt j$oic y`p#o`mjojr 1 mjtj$oic y`pc`f jjh 570:1 ihtierisjfuoo`h#ocò#g#r.


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TI]BK]C@H^ WI^W


mjr $ifjogi y`p`r`f fkhtrko ojstisjhj gkoguruh. Fkhtrko ojstisjhjh gkoguruoc`s# fkhusuhg`ritcihjhjzgih y`rg#c ò`mjojrsjhjz. ^ri fkhusuhg` ritcihjhjzi g`h#$#h#z vi miojroihihsrioir jjhgi j$oirj y`pc`y` zih estirjhjz.

F@ZGIGNYZEYO@C@O@]JH@ ZHIOF FKHW]KO O^WI^

,]IHN'H'H@g#^ky`g#. oci `rò`r#h# fuoo`h#p, `y`ro`r#h#y`p`mjojykr cusuhuz;

Gihiy ^khuhg` Ezoihinif G`vr`h&,o`r Ivit A`y&r=7. Fuoo`hg##`r` vi eirioirj ticjzoiyirif gzihoj mjr $ifjogi yirjhifkyguhuz cu;=9. Yyeuo`c`y#y`pt##h#z yirj ticjzoigjhjz cj;=2. Yyeuo`c` skhuhg`, y`pt##ò#$c` joi joejoj r`pkr a`z#ro`g#h#z c#;

]`pkrg` Muouhc`s&Eirifih Aususo`r Ivit A`y&r

`. Yyeuo`c`h#h `g#


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Mu G/@ ivjrjnjgi Q= C^M, Q4 jsi O^Mgjr.

'ifjo >.=< G@Nhjh ejrj,jhi uyeuo`h`h gjljtò mjoej

'ifjo >.>< G@Nhjh `hòke &f&,o`r&

Iir G@Nhjh ejrj$jhi *ifjo >.= gifj ejmj > mjtojf mjr s`y#n#givrisj mò`c#$kos`yg#f6#f#$o`r#hg` *ifjo >.>gifj ejmj mjr `hòke #f#$ iogi igirgjf. G@Nhjh cjhjcuc #f#$# 4Rtur.

>.0.=. Wicio ]-=] Cirgjvih Wjpj G/@ ivjrjnj

Gjljtò mjoejhjh `hòke mjoejyi ivrjocisj jjh mjr yhtic v`rg#r. @hn`f t`c`c# kp-`cpo`r joi uyeuo`hc`ft`g#r. Mjz mur`g` muho`rg` ]-=] cirgjvih tjpj G/@ ivjrjnj gihmàsiginijz.


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'ifjo >.7< Cirgjvih tjpj G/@ ivjrjnj

Mu givrigi gjrihoirjh ]-=] ko`r`f s#rò`hc`s# vi #f#$ gòe` $ifojhjh cirgjvihm`s`c`#$ifojhgi `rtc`s#simimjyoi mu tjp ivjrjnjoir ]-=] cirgjvih tjpj G/@ ivjrjnj `g#h#ò#r.

G ih giirojfsjz mjt (O^M) koup, givrihjh a`ss`sjyitjhj miojroir. ]ibir`hs eirjojcjhjh02g` 0j f`g`r #f#$#itfjoir. Air mjr m`s`c`f giirj Ghjh itfjoigjj giir f`g`r `rt`r. @jsi ih giirojfoj mjt (C^M) koup, #f#$` ribir`hs eirjojcj f`g`r itfj igir.

E$]$'OI] JFJ'O@]

@ M N G@hòke

f!4 4 4 4 4 R

4 4 4 0 4.2=9 R

4 4 0 4 0.=9 R

4 4 0 0 0.159 R

4 0 4 4 =.9 R

4 0 4 0 >.0=9 R

4 0 0 4 >.59 R

4 0 0 0 7.>59 R

0 4 4 4 9 R0 4 4 0 9.2=9 R

0 4 0 4 2.=9 R

0 4 0 0 2.159 R

0 0 4 4 5.9 R

0 0 4 0 1.0=9 R

0 0 0 4 1,59 R

0 0 0 0 :,>59 R

W`mok >.=< ]-=] cirgjvih tjpj G/@ ivjrjnj gk*ruouf t`moksu


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>.0.>. G/@ Ihtieri Givrioir

Gjljtò mjoejoirj `hòke mjoejoiri ivjrci j$oicj y`p`h givrioir ihtieri $ifojhgipjy`s`y` sroroir. Tjy`s`g` mjrkf G/@ ivjrjnj ihtierisj muouhc`ft`g#r. Muho`rg`hm`z#o`r#$uho`rg#r6 \H7=9I, CN0741, @G995, G@N4144, G@N4141.

'ifjo >.9< \H7=9I ihtierisj

\H7=9I ihtierisj, aic G/@ aic gi @/G ivjrjnj ko`r`f fuoo`h#oc`y` uyeuh $ifjogiritjocj$tjr. Ihtieri 0 vi 1 huc`rò# `y`fo`r#h` uyeuo`h`h 9 R tifoj misoici f`yh`# joiò#$#r. 1 mjt gjljtò ejrj$i sàjptjr. Ihtieri jirjsjhgi +=.9 R ribir`hs eirjojcj ritjojr vi 02.`y`ft`h #f#$ y`p#o#r. 09 huc`rò# `y`f ribir`hs ejrj$jgjr. G#$`r#g`h ribir`hs eirjojcjuyeuo`h`mjoinij ejmj fihgj j ribir`hs eirjojcj gi fuoo`h#o`mjojr. ' ribir`hs eirjojcjhjfuoo`hc`f jjh 09 joi 02. `y`f mjrmjrjhi mò`hcò#g#r.

Mjz mur`g` sjzi \H7=9I ihtierisj a`ff#hg` f#s`n` mjoej virciyi ò#$t#f `hn`f, muhkft`g` sjzi tc jatjy`n#h#z ko`h ihtierioirjh mjoejoirjhj muo`mjoinijhjz mjr s`yb`y`yhoihgjrcif jstjykruc.

punu< www.òog`t`saiit.nkc jhtirhit `grisjhgi jatjy`n#h#z ko`h tc ihtierioirjhritjnj bjrcò`r# t`r`b#hg`h a`z#ro`hc#$ f`tòke mjoejoirjhj muo`mjojrsjhjz. 'hejojzni

mjociyihoir y` g` `z mjoihoir jjh mu s`yb`h#h fuoo`h#c# a`ff#hg` g` f#s`n` mjoej virinifkours`f.

G`t`saiit 3 Mjoej W`moksu giciftjr. Mjr ioic`h#h g`t`saiitj gicif f`tòkemjoejoirj giciftjr.

T`rt H`ci3 T`r` 'scj giciftjr. Aira`hej mjr ioiftrkhjf givri ioic`h#h#hp`r` jscjhj mjojykrs`h#z, mu jscj ejririf `r`c` y`pt#r`mjojrsjhjz.

rhijh< attp


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Cisio, attp @git 04 F/Gjrih0 @git Gjljtò @vkcitri

,oic M`s`c`fo`r& hirjoir hniojfoi còzici skrucousuhg`h

jatjy`n#h#z ko`h còzicioirj ò#h#z.

Còzicioirj *ifjo >.7gifj $ifjogimk`rg zirjhi furuhuz.


Gà` skhr` W`mok >.=gi virjoih

gkruouf t`moksuhg`fj giiroirj tif tifgihiyirif iogi ittjjhjz skhuo`r# f`y#tigjhjz.

Wc jatjcòoirj gihigjftih skhr` iogiittjjhjz skhuo`r# mjr r`pkr aòjhieitjririf s#h#b krt`c#hg` p`yo`$#h#z.



Givriyj mk`rg zirjhi furc`y#t`c`co`g#ft`h skhr` tifr`r ezoifkhtrko igjhjz. Wc gjljtò ejrj$oirjh4fkhucuh` eitjrjhjz. Gà` skhr` ihirljvirjhjz.

Mu j$oicj y`p`rfih mjr y`hg`h iogiittjjhjz giiroirj mjr f#g` f`y#tigjhjz.

Mjoej fkhuo`r# joi tifr`r f`r$#o`$t#r`r`fskhuo`r#giiroihgjrjhjz.

.
http://www.alldatasheet.com/http://www.alldatasheet.com/


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>.=. @hòke / Gjljtò ivjrjnjoir

>.=.0. Is`so`r&

M`s#h, s#n`fo#f ejmj bjzjfsio gij$jcj viy` `f#c, eirjojc ejmj `hòke ioiftrjf sjhyòjhj,0 vi 4 ejmj gjljtò mjoejoiri gh$trci j$oicjhi `hòkeg`h gjljtòi ivjrci j$oicjhj y`p`hgivrioiri gi `hòke gjljtò ivjrjnjoir gihjr. @GN viy` @/G $ifojhgi estirjojr.

'ifjo >.5< @GN mokf gjyèr`c&

Trihsjp ko`r`f @/G ivjrjnj, ejrj$jhgifj `hòke mjoejyj #f#$#hg` jfjojf mjoejyigh$trr. Mjr `hòke j$`rit gjljtò j$`riti ivrjojrfih miojroj `rò#fo`ro` rhifoici y`p#o#r.Air mjr eirjojc `rò## jjh gjljtò mjr giir f`r$#o## v`rg#r. Air hkft` jjh `yr# mjr giirf`r$#o##koc`z. Mu higihoi kou$`n`f a`tò`r#hoicif koguf` zkrgur.

@/G ivjrjnjoirjh ih hicoj zioojfoirj< zhrof, gkruouf vi ivrjc srisjgjr.

zhrof


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'ifjo >.1< Kp-`cpo&f`r,&o`,t&r&n&rhif givrisj

*ifjo >.1gifj givrigi ivjrih ejrj$i ribir`hs ko`r`f zihir gjykt zirjhgih 2 Ruyeuo`hc#$t#r. RE 2 vkott`h myf koguuhg` #f#$+, RE 2 vkott`h ff koguuhg` #f#$kour. Ejrj$joi ribir`hs `r`s#hg`fj b`rf kf ff gàj kos` #f#$t` gij$jfojf ajssigjojr.

>.=.=. T`ròio F`r,&o`,t&r&n&o&@/G ivjrjnj

'ifjo >.:< T`ròio @/G f`r,&o`,t&r&n&


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ivrjoinif ko`h `hòke sjhyò tc f`r$#o`$t#r#n# ejrj$oirjhi `yh# `hg` p`ròio ko`r`fuyeuo`h#r. F`r$#o`$t#r#n#o`r#h gjir ejrj$oirjhi jsi ribir`hs eirjojcj uyeuo`h#r. Yyeuo`h`h

ribir`hs eirjojcjhj 04 R koguuhu g$hrsif Rn> hkft`s#hg` =.9 R, Rn= hkft`s#hg` 9 R viRn0 hkft`s#hg` 5.9 R muouhc`ft`g#r. Yyeuo`h`h `hòke eirjojci mò# ko`r`ff`r$#o`$t#r#n#o`r#h #f#$o`r#4 y` g` 0 gurucuhu ò#r. Mu #f#$o`r mjr fkgo`y#n#givri joi jfjojs`y#sjsticjhi ivrjoirif gjljtò #f#$o`r iogi igjojr.

Cisio, `hòke ejrj$i 7 R uyeuo`g##c#zg` s`gini N0 `ftjb kourfih, 5 Ruyeuo`g##c#zg` jsi aic N0 aic gi N= jfj `ftjb koc`ft`g#r. W`mok >.7gi T`ròio #f#$o#@/G ivjrjnjhjh gkruouf t`moksu erociftigjr.

W`mok >.7< T`ròio f`r,&o`,t&r&n&o&@/G ivjrjnj gk*ruouf t`moksu

>.=.>. @/G Ihtieri Givrioir

@hòket`h gjljtòi ivjrci j$oicjhj y`p`h givrioir ihtieri $ifojhgi pjy`s`y`sroroir. Muhuh y`h#hg` mjr hnifj G/@ ivjrjnjoir mochgi màsittjjcjzwww.òog`t`saiit.nkc jhtirhit s`yb`s#hg`h g` jatjy`n#c#z` uyeuh @/G ivjrjnjoirj

muo`mjojrjz. Mu @/G ivjrjnjoirgih m`z#o`r#$uho`rg#r6 \H7=9I, @GN4144, @GN4147.

'ifjo >.04< \H7=9I @/G ivjrjnj


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*ifjo >.04g` eroih \H7=9I ihtierisj, aic @/G aic gi G/@ ivjrjnj ko`r`ffuoo`h#oc`y` uyeuh $ifjogi ritjocj$tjr. Ihtierihjh = huc`rò# O^ (Okejn îoint) ejrj$j

fuoo`h#o`r`f s``t g`rmisj ejrj$j sijoirif 1 mjtojf gjljtò ejrj$oir givri g#$#m#r`f#o#r. 7 huc`rò#`y`` s``t sjhyòj uyeuo`hg##hg` ihtieri jirjsjhgifj 1 mjtojf s`y#n#givriyi ejrir. ^`y#n#y#risitoicif jjh > huc`rò#`y`ft`fj ]^W ejrj$j 4 y`p#o#r.

\H7=9I hkrcò $`rto`rg` G/@ ivjrjnj ko`r`f ò#$#r. Ihtieriyj @/G ivjrjnj ko`r`ffuoo`hc`f jjh 07 huc`rò# `hòke #f#$ mjr f`r$#o`$t#r#n#h#h ivjrih ejrj$jhi mò`h#r.F`r$#o`$t#r#n#h#h ivjrciyih ejrj$jhi jsi ooinif `hòke eirjojc uyeuo`h#r. F`r$#o`$t#r#n#h#h#f#$# mjr fkhtrko givrisjhi virjojr. Ihtieriyi s``t sjhyòj uyeuo`hg##hg` s`y#n#, s`yc`j$oicjhi m`$o`r. 07 huc`rò#`y`ft` `hòke mjr eirjojc ritjojr. ^`yc` j$oicj kr`ht#o#ko`r`feirjojcjh giirj `rt`r. Mu eirjojc f`r$#o`$t#r#n#h#h ivjrciyih ejrj$jhgifj `hòke ejrj$eirjojcjgiirjhj `$t##hg`, f`r$#o`$t#r#n# #f#$# fkhuc gij$tjrjr. Fkhtrko givrisj, mu gij$jfojjòe#o`y`r`f, k `hg` s`y#n# givrisjhjh uo`$c#$ koguu gjljtò mjoejyj kfur. Mu giir

f`r$#o`$t#r#n#ejrj$jhgifj `hòke eirjojcjh gjljtò f`r$#o##h#virjr.

'ifjo >.00< @GN 4147 ihtierisj joi uyeuo`c` givrisj


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YZEYO@C@ B@@OZIW

570 Ihtierisj joi @/G ivjrjnj

Còzici Ojstisj

0 @git Mri`g Mk`rg0 @git +9 R GN E F`yh`#0 @git OC570 Ihtieri= @git 0 F/Gjrih= @git 04 F/Gjrih

0 @git 75 F/Gjrih0@gir 044 F/Tkt`hsjykcitri= @git F#rc#z#Oig0 @git Gjljtò @vkcitri

,oic M`s`c`fo`r& hirjoir hniojfoi còzici skrucousuhg`h

jatjy`n#h#z ko`h còzicioirj ò#h#z.

Còzicioirj *ifjo >.1gifj $ifjogi

mk`rg zirjhi furuhuz.


Gà` skhr` Tkt`hsjykcitrihjh giirjhjgij$tjririf Oigoirjh gurucuhuezoiyjhjz.

Wc jatjcòoirj gihigjftih skhr` iogiittjjhjz skhuo`r# mjr r`pkr aòjhieitjririf s#h#b krt`c#hg` p`yo`$#h#z.



Givriyj mk`rg zirjhi furc`y#t`c`co`g#ft`h skhr` tifr`r ezoifkhtrko igjhjz.

Mu j$oicj y`p`rfih mjr y`hg`h gjljtò`vkcitri joi kp-`cp#h ejrj$oirjhgifjgiiroirj oirif mjr f#g` f`y#t igjhjz.

Mjoej fkhuo`r# joi tifr`r f`r$#o`$t#r`r`fskhuo`r#giiroihgjrjhjz.

.

YZEYO@C@ B@@OZIW


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OCI RI GI#I]OIHG]CI

KMLIFWB WI^WOI] (OCI ^K]YO@]J)

0.Cjfrkbkh #f#$#h#mjoejs`y`r#h j$oiyimjoinij $ifoi ivjrci j$oicjhi hi `g virjojr;@) Gjljtò @hòke ivjrciM) @hòke gjljtò ivjrciN) Brihf`hs @oòtc`G) Eihojf @oòtc`

=.Kp-`cp#h ivjrih ejrj$j f` huc`rò#`y`#g#r;@) = M) > N) 7 G) 2

>. 7 mjtojf ]-=] cirgjvih tjpj G/@ ivjrjnjhjh ribir`hs eirjojcj 2 R jfih ejrj$oirjhi 0440mjoejsj uyeuo`hg##hg` #f#$f` R kour;

@) 2 R M) : R N) 5.9 R G) 2.59 R

7.@$`#g`fjoirgih a`hejsj @/G ivjrjnjoirgi #f#$#h ejrj$i virgjj tipfjgjr;

@) zhrof M) Gkruouf N) ivrjc srisj G) A`ss`sjyit

9.]ibir`hs eirjojcj 02 R ko`h mjr p`ròio f`r$#o`$t#r#n#o#grt mjtojf @/G ivjrjnjhjh ejrj$jhi0= R uyeuo`g##c#zg` gjljtò #f#$mjoejsj `$`#g`fjoirgih a`hejsjgjr;

@) 0000 M) 0440 N) 0044 G) 0040

2.=92 Rkotouf eirjojcj mjr @/G ivjrjnj joi ocif jjh gjljtò #f#$s`y#s#f` `git kocò#g#r;

@) =7 M) =92 N) 1 G) 71

5. Mjr sis j$`ritj @/G ivjrjnjgih eijrjp, ejrj$jhgifj `hòke mjoejyj gjljtòi ivjrcifjstjykruz. Mu @/G ivjrjnjhjh gjljtò #f#$`gigj `$`#g`fjoirgih a`hejsj kours` mu sis j$`ritjhjgà` eirijhi uyeuh $ifjogi ivrjocj$kour;

@) 7 M)1 N)02 G) >=

OCI RI GI#I]OIHG]CI


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mjr $ifjogi y`p`r`f fkhtrko ojstisjhj gkoguruh. ^ri fkhusuhg` ritcihjhjzi g`h#$#h#z vimiojroihih srioir jjhgi j$oirj y`pc`y` zih estirjhjz.

F@ZGIGNYZEYO@C@O@]JH@ ZHIOF FKHW]KO O^WI^

,]IHN'H'H@g#^ky`g# G7 N9 @2 M

#]IHCI B@@OZIW-= NIR@T @H@AW@]J

0 M= N> @7 N9 G

#]IHCI B@@OIZW-> NIR@T @H@AW@]J

0 M= @> G7 @9 N2 N5 G

NIR@T @H@AW@]O@]J


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F@ZH@FO@]

@]Ô@H ]in`j, Gjljtò Ioiftrkhjf MI]IFIW Citjh, Ihejh WIF'H, Gjljtò Ioiftrkhjf, C`vj Fjt`po`r, 'zcjr,

=447. MI]IFIW, Citjh. Ihejh WIF'H, @tioyi vi O`mkr`tuv`r-=, C`vj Fjt`po`r,

'zcjr, =447. Z@]NJ Ficò, Gjljtò Ioiftrkhjf, Zni Z`y#ho`r#, 'st`hmuo, 0::1. Z@,JCOJ, Cust`b`, Bivzj @F@], Gjljtò Ioiftrkhjf, =447. www.òog`t`saiit.nkc

F@ZH@FO@]

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