What we talk about when

we talk about

Argument

Let’s start with a claim

Women should be allowed to fight in US

combat units

1) They are physically capable.2) Their presence would weaken gender stereotypes.3) This would expand the opportunities for women in the military.

Because...

1) They are physically capable.

What is the implied assumption?

Because...

2) Their presence would weaken gender stereotypes.

What is the implied assumption?

Because...

3)This would expand the opportunities for women in the military.

What is the implied assumption?

Because...

Stephen Toulmin

Terms:

ClaimReasonWarrant

Used to be called “implied assumption”

Example:

ClaimReasonWarrant

I shouldn’t have to take Algebra

because I want to be a lawyer

career utility should be the main justification for class requirements

Your Turn:

ClaimReasonWarrant

You should have to take algebra...

??????

??????

An Argument:Parents should not allow their kids to own cellphones

...because they prevent kids from developing empathy.

ReasonClaim

An Argument:Parents should not allow their kids to own cellphones

...because they prevent kids from developing empathy.

ReasonClaim

Grounds •testimony from kids•research connecting technology use with negative behavior on-and offline

So Far:

ClaimReasonWarrant

Parents should not allow their kids to own cellphones

...because they prevent kids from developing empathy.

Developing empathy is an crucial element of growing up that parents should nurture.

So Far:

ClaimReason

Backing

Parents should not allow their kids to own cellphones

...because they prevent kids from developing empathy.

Arguments that show how important empathy is a child/adult’s life.

Almost Done

Two More terms:

RebuttalQualifier

Two More terms:

RebuttalThe opposing argument against your claim

Two More terms:

RebuttalCellphones should be allowed because they help kids connect with their peers.

Two More terms:

The degree to which you are confident in your claim.

Qualifier

Two More terms:

Cellphones should DEFINITELY be banned

Qualifier

Two More terms:

Cellphones should POSSIBLY be banned

Qualifier

Two More terms:

We should consider whether cellphones should be banned.

Qualifier

OK, your turn:

WarrantBackingGrounds

ReasonClaim

RebuttalQualifier

OK, your turn:

WarrantBackingGrounds

ReasonClaim

RebuttalQualifier

All students should be required to take AP Language in order to graduate.