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Logic

Logic PSKS^ LogosLogos

20

inference

premise

conclusion

infer

------------------p

premises conclusion

proposition

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propositionsentence

p

e.g.

Thisis a pieceofbread.

Dasisteine Brochen.

p

e.g. [

[

e.g. [

[

[

[

p

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e.g.

n Law of Thought

UniverseofDiscourse

-A / AUniverseof

discourse

a -a -a a

a -a

Law ofIdentity

p a aa aa aaap

p1122

Law ofnon-contradictionpa -ap a a a-a-a-aa -a

a -a0

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p

p t1 t1

Law ofExcluded Middlep a-apa -aa

-a1p.

sensemeaningorreference

1938C. Morris,SEMIOTICS

pWFF, well-formed formula Syntax

y

I am a girl.

y

p Semantics

y

p Pragmatics,

yi.e.

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Reference Meaning

X

Denotation Connotation

Extension Intention

C.f.

.

contextlevel

p

object-languagevs.meta-language

p

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paradox

Fallaciesp

p

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p p

y Vagueness

yAmbiguity

yAmphiboly,

y Equivocationshiftmeaning

Context

yFallacyofStraw manAttacking

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yFallacyofComposition

yFallacyofDivision

A A

y Obscurity

y Coloring.

.. .

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argument;inference

validity

term statement argument

definition judgment inference

avoidingconfusion truth value validity

pdefiniendum English

pdefiniens

definiendummeans definiens.

pstipulative definition

y

y

LKK

y

plexical definition

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y

y

yambiguity

pprcising definition

yvagueness

y

p

y

y

y

p persuading definition

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y

y

y

p

y

n! n n

psynonymous definition

y

y

y

petymological definition

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y

philia sophia pphilosophy

y

poperational definition

y

y

pdefinited bygenus and difference

y

y

y

y

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pdemonstrativeorostensive definition

y

y.

penumerative definition

y

philosophor

pdefinited bysub-class

y

y

p

p

p

p

p

p

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p

mediate inference

immediate inference

deduction

induction (abduction)

mediate inference

i.e.

immediate inference

a deduction

b induction

c (abduction)

B A

A

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Validity valid

p

valid

invalid p

p

p

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p

e.g.

..

p

p

()

i.e. factualtruth

p

p

--

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--

1.

2.

3.

4.

5. |

6.

sound||

i.e.