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Logical Reasoning &

Analytical Ability

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According to the dictionary, ‘Assertion’ refers to stating or claiming something

forcefully and that of Reason is fact. This test is meant to judge the candidate’s

knowledge and with it the aim is to determine his ability to reason out correctly.

Under, we shall deal with the combination of Assertion and Reason and relate with

each other in order to find their correct coordination. Here, four alternative

comments on these are given and the correct one is to be chosen. This is again an

important feature of logical reasoning. Following illustrations will fully illustrate the

type of such questions

Directions (Q. Nos. 1 to 3) In each of the illustrations questions, there are two

statements labelled as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Mark your answer as

(a) if both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

(b) if both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A

(c) if A is true but R is false

(d) if A is false but R is true

Assertion and Reason

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Example 1

Assertion (A): Most of ancient civilisations grew near the rivers.

Reason (R): The main occupation of man was agriculture.

Solution. The Assertion is correct because most of the ancient civilisations grew

near the rivers as land over there was fertile and water was easily available. But

the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion Hence, option (b) is

true.

Example 2

Assertion (A): Seeds should be treated with fungicide solution.

Reason (R): Seeds do not germinate, unless treated with fungicide

solution.

Solution: Seeds are treated with fungicide before sowing to avoid seed borne

disease. But, it is not a true fact that unless seeds are treated with fungicide

solution, they cannot germinate. Hence, option (c) is true..

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Example 3

Assertion (A): Appendix is a vestigial organ in the human body.

Reason (R): It does not participate in digestion.

Solution: We know that, appendix is a vestigial organ in the human body and

does not participate in digestion. Hence, both Assertion and Reason are correct

and Reason fully explains Assertion. Hence, option as (a) is our answer.

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