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ETSI TC SMG#31bis Plenary Meeting Tdoc SMG P-00-193

Frankfurt, Germany17th April 2000

Title: Location Technology Solution for Emergency and Commercial Applications

Agenda Item: 3.

Source: Nokia, Ericsson, Motorola

The purpose of this paper is to present recommended common technological solutions tomeet the location service requirements for emergency and commercial applications.

Location Technology Solution for Emergency and Commercial Applications

IntroductionThe purpose of this paper is to present recommended common technological solutions to meet thelocation service requirements for emergency and commercial applications. The implementation oflocation services for E911 applications has been mandated by the Federal CommunicationsCommission and location services also are being demanded for commercial applications. There hasbeen much standards activity in this area, which has resulted in a multitude of “standardized”technologies – too many to allow equipment manufacturers to accommodate all of them in theirproducts. We believe that the industry must move quickly to a consensus on common locationtechnologies if it is to achieve the goal of offering effective location services by the FCC’s deadline ofOctober 2001. This paper is intended to be a step towards that consensus.

Telecommunication StandardsThe cellular telecommunication location standards in ETSI and TIA are close to finalisation. Thelocation standards support a multitude of technologies, including cellular network and GPS basedtechnologies, with a variety of options in each technology. This leads to the need of careful planningin order to avoid problems in location service roaming.

In this paper, Nokia, Ericsson and Motorola declare a common solution for Location Technologies foremergency and commercial applications. This solution is covering the second generation digitalcellular systems (GSM, TIA/EIA-136 and IS-95). The intent of the companies is to support thisLocation Technology Solution, where a subset of options are supported in order to enable a widescale and cost effective implementation of location services, as well as to enable a wide range ofroaming location services. The intent is to support only standardised location technologies.

The most important location service that needs wide roaming is the emergency calls services. Theoutlined Location Technology Solution acknowledges the needs of emergency call service, but willalso take into account the commercial aspects since the investments on location technologies will bepaid by commercial use of location services.

Location Service CategoriesIn order to allow smooth market introduction for location services, the freedom must be given to thesubscriber to choose how much he/she will pay for the terminals supporting location services as wellas what accuracy he/she needs for location based services. This demand creates the need tocategorise the location services. The Location Technology Solution contains three Location ServiceCategories, which are

Location Service Category Explanation

Category 1(Basic Service Level) Location of all (including legacy) handsets with cell accuracy, or improved cell accuracy

Category 2(Enhanced Service Level) Location of all new handsets with reasonable cost, improved accuracy

Category 3(Extended Service Level)

Location of new handsets with high accuracy and higher (compared to Category 2) costwith customer choice

The Location Service Categories make sure that all handsets can be located and also that thecustomer has the choice to select higher accuracy with higher cost. All categories are standardisedfor specific cellular systems and are available in parallel (exception being TIA/EIA-136 whereCategories 1 & 3 are under standardisation process and Category 2 support is under evaluation).Categories 1 & 2 will be cellular system specific and Category 3 common to all systems.

Supported Location TechnologiesThe supported location technologies in Nokia, Ericsson and Motorola Location Technology Solutionare cellular network based CI+TA(+Sector Info) and E-OTD (GSM) / AFLT (IS-95) technologies, andMS Based GPS technology. The cellular network based technologies take the benefit of theproperties of cellular network radio signals.

The CI+TA(+Sector Info) is network based location technology where MS is located with CellIDaccuracy enhanced with timing advance information. CI+TA can be further enhanced with SectorInformation to achieve more accurate location estimates.


The E-OTD / AFLT technologies contain both MS Assisted E-OTD / AFLT and MS Based E-OTD /AFLT concepts. The difference between the MS Assisted/Based E-OTD / AFLT is where the physicallocation calculation function is implemented. In the MS Assisted E-OTD / AFLT the MS makes themeasurements and NW calculates the MS location estimate. In the MS Based E-OTD / AFLT the MSmakes the measurements as well as calculates the MS location estimate.

Rather than measuring radio signals from the cellular network, the MS Based GPS method utilisessignals from the 28 active satellites in the GPS constellation. Signals from up to 12 of these satellitesare visible to user with a GPS-equipped MS. Furthermore, these signals contain information aboutthe satellite orbits and highly accurate time, as well as a CDMA-type code that the MS uses for high-precision range measurements to the satellites. However, rather than receiving the information fromthe satellites, the MS receives the orbits, time, and other information as assistance delivered from anetwork element (e.g., SMLC in GSM). This assistance helps the MS to acquire the GPS signalsquickly in challenging environments, and to compute its own position with high accuracy. Animportant requirement is that the assistance should be available by both broadcast and point-to-pointcommunication in order to enable the widest range of applications.

Timing Advance

Cell ID

CI + TA + Sector Info

Sector Info Base StationBase Station

Base StationBase Station


Measurementerror margin

E-OTD / AFLT MS Based GPS

Network

Assistance Data

ReferenceReceiver

GSM

GPS GroundStation

Location Service Category MappingThis paper contains the Location Technology Solution for GSM, TIA/EIA-136 and IS-95. The aboveLocation Service Categories are mapped to different cellular systems to indicate what technology isused in each category.

System Category Location Technology

Category 1 Improved CI location method. The improved CI location method utilizes in addition to CIinformation e.g. TA and other GSM specific measurement data. This accuracy categorycan be implemented without changes to MS.

Category 2 GSM specific E-OTD (MS assisted/based) positioning technology, which is, standardisedfor GSM Release'98.

GSM

Category 3 The MS Based GPS concept which is standardised for GSM Release'98.

Category 1 Cell coverage based method, which is already included in ANSI-136.

Category 2 Currently no support in TIA/EIA-136 C standard exists for this category.TIA/EIA-136

Category 3MS Based GPS location concept that is standardised for TIA/EIA-136 C. Recognising thecommonalties and convergence in TIA/EIA-136 and GSM, the TIA/EIA-136 implementationof NW Assisted MS Based GPS location technology is harmonised with the GSM GPSconcept to the greatest extent practical.

Category 1 CI based method, which is standardised for TIA/TR45.2 IS-41.

Category 2 IS-95 specific AFLT (MS assisted/based) position technology, which is standardised forTIA/IS-801.

IS-95

Category 3 MS Based GPS concept which is standardised for TIA/IS-801.


ConclusionsAs noted at the beginning of this paper, the need for consensus on common location technologies isclear and pressing. In arriving at the recommendations set forth in this paper, the contributors haveendeavoured to select the best practical technical solutions, considering such important factors asavailability, the apparent lack of significant incremental intellectual property burdens and ease ofimplementation. Our hope is to produce a consensus in support of effective and efficient standardlocation solutions, which supports government requirements and customer needs.

This paper is focused on 2G, however it is straightforward to perform this excersise also for the 3Gstandards, defined by 3GPP. It is the intention to align 3GPP location standards with the solutiondescribed herein. What also needs to be added for the parallel 3G analysis is to considerconsequences coming from 2G/3G dual mode operation as well as the later timeframe relevant forthe 3G perspective.

Abbreviations

NW NetworkMS Mobile StationCI Cell IdentityTA Timing AdvanceE-OTD Enhanced Observed Timing DifferenceAFLT Advanced Forward Link TrilaterationMS Assisted E-OTD (AFLT) MS measures E-OTD (AFLT) values, NW calculates MS positionMS Based E-OTD (AFLT) MS measures E-OTD (AFLT) values, MS calculates its positionMS Based GPS NW gives assistance data to MS, MS calculates its position

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Location Technology Solution for Emergency and Commercial A ppl icationsLocation Technology Solution for Emergency and Commercial A ppl ications P-00-193P-00-193

Location Technology SolutionLocation Technology Solutionforfor

Emergency and Commercial ApplicationsEmergency and Commercial Applications

SMG#31bis Plenary, FrankfurtSMG#31bis Plenary, Frankfurt

1717thth Apri l 2000 Apri l 2000

2


Presentation Outl inePresentation Outl ine

• Introduction

• Telecommunication Standards

• Location Service Categories

• Supported Location Technologies

• Conclusions

3


IntroductionIntroduction

• The purpose of this presentation is to present recommendedcommon technological solutions to meet the location servicerequirements for emergency and commercial applications

• M ulti tude of "standardized" technologies - too many to al lowequipment manufacturers to accommodate all of them in theirproducts

• The industry must move quickly to a consensus on commonlocation technologies in order to meet tight schedule targets (e.g.FCC E911)

è This presentation is intended to be a step towards that consensus

4


Telecommunication StandardsTelecommunication Standards• Standardisation of LCS in ETSI and TIA are close f inalization

(GSM , TIA/EIA-136, IS-95GSM , TIA/EIA-136, IS-95)

• Standards support multi tude of location technologies with varietyof options in each technology

• As the options mean freedom of choice, they also mean

• higher implementation costs

• potential problems in the roaming of location services

•• Location Technology SolutionLocation Technology Solution contains a subset of locationtechnology options which still enable

• wide scale and cost effective implementation of location services

• wide range of roaming location services

• The outlined Location Technology SolutionLocation Technology Solution acknowledges theneeds of emergency call service, but

• wil l also take into account the commercial aspects since the investments onlocation technologies wil l be paid by commercial use of location services

5


Location Service CategoriesLocation Service Categories

• In order to al low smooth market introduction for location services, thefreedom must be given to the subscriber

• to choose how much he/she wil l pay for the terminals supporting location services

• to choose what accuracy he/she needs for location based services

• The Location Service CategoriesLocation Service Categories make sure that al l

• handsets can be located

• the customer has the choice to select higher accuracy with higher cost

Location Service Category Explanation

Category 1(Basic Service Level) Location of all (including legacy) handsets with cell accuracy, or improved cell accuracy

Category 2(Enhanced Service Level) Location of all new handsets with reasonable cost, improved accuracy

Category 3(Extended Service Level)

Location of new handsets with high accuracy and higher (compared to Category 2) costwith customer choice

6


Supported Location TechnologiesSupported Location Technologies• Location Technologies

• Service Category M apping

• Above mapping exists also for TIA/EIA-136 and IS-95

• Service Category 3 uses a common technology for GSM ,TIA /EIA-136 and IS-95

Timing Advance

Cell ID

CI + TA + Sector Info

Sector Info Base StationBase Station



Measurementerror margin

E-OTD MS Based GPS

NetworkAssistance Data

ReferenceReceiver

GSM

GPS GroundStation

System Category Location Technology

Category 1 Improved CI location method. The improved CI location method utilizes in addition to CIinformation e.g. TA and other GSM specific measurement data. This accuracy categorycan be implemented without changes to MS.

Category 2GSM specific E-OTD (MS assisted/based) positioning technology, which is, standardisedfor GSM Release'98.

GSM

Category 3 The MS Based GPS concept which is standardised for GSM Release'98.

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ConclusionsConclusions

• The need for consensus on common location technologies is clearand pressing

• The contributors have endeavored to select the best practicaltechnical solutions, considering such important factors as

• avai lability

• scalability

• ease of implementation

• Our hope is to produce a consensus in support of ef fective andeff icient standard location solutions, which meet

• government requirements

• customer needs

• The contribution focused on 2G, however it is straightforward toperform this excersise also for the 3G standards, defined by 3GPP

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