location, location, location reg souleyrette gerald and audrey olson professor of civil engineering...
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![Page 1: Location, Location, Location Reg Souleyrette Gerald and Audrey Olson Professor of Civil Engineering CTRE/Iowa State University Safety Data and Analysis](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d775503460f94a598b0/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Location, Location, LocationReg Souleyrette
Gerald and Audrey Olson Professorof Civil Engineering
CTRE/Iowa State University
Safety Data and Analysis Tools Workshop
Sponsored by Transportation Safety
Planning Working Group (TSPWG)
TRB March 27-28, 2006
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4 Topics
1. Iowa crash data GIS location and analysis systems
2. How we work with local agencies
3. Some issues in crash location
4. SAFETEA-LU and location
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Crash Location
TraCS Incident Location Tool (ILT)– Custom GIS Application for
Location Capture– Tie Roadway Attributes to
Crash Locations– Useful for Geo-Locating
other types of Incidents– Integrated with TraCS– Stand-Alone for Location
Capture of Paper Reports– ALL Iowa crashes located
using ILT
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Zooming In for Location Capture Measuring from an Intersection
Approving Location Results
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Crash Analysis
• GIS-ALAS – SAVER– Accident Location and Analysis System/Safety, Analysis,
Visualization, and Exploration Resource – Analyst oriented, 10 years of data– Arc View/Avenue
• CMAT – Crash Mapping and Analysis Tool– Traffic Engineering/Design oriented – Annual Crash/Roads Snapshot, 5 years of data (00-04)– VB/Map Objects
• IMAT - Incident mapping and analysis tool– Law Enforcement oriented (includes citations)– Works with Local TraCS data (up to today, if desired)– VB/Map Objects
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Collection (ILT) Analysis (CMAT/IMAT)
Leveraging User Familiarity and Existing
Source Code
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Architectural Context
CMAT
Data Format Config
Safety Engineers/Planners
Validation Logic
Local Agency Database
Data Collection Software
(TraCS)
WAN
Enterprise Safety Information
System
GIS Data
IMAT
Data Format Config
Law Enforcement Agencies
Location Capture Software
Data Flow
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Iowa DOT help to the locals
• TraCS• sharing crash data • crash analysis tools• TEAP studies• traffic safety fund grants (1/2% of
construction funds on top of HSIP)• free safety engineering training• support ITSDS …
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• Quick-response service• Aides other agencies in obtaining, mapping,
and evaluating crash information. • Facilitates decision-making, effective
presentation of information, and education. • Activities
– Policy and Practice Assessment– High Crash Location Identification– Project and Site Review– Targeted Enforcement
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Data Manager
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Mobility Issues
6.87%
7.39%
10.27%
14.11%
0.00%
2.00%
4.00%
6.00%
8.00%
10.00%
12.00%
14.00%
16.00%
FTYROW from Stop Sign
Under 45
45 - 64
65 - 74
75 and Older
FTYROW Making Left Turn
6.09% 6.34%
7.70%
10.52%
0.00%
2.00%
4.00%
6.00%
8.00%
10.00%
12.00%
Under 45 45 - 64 65 - 74 75 andOlder
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– Strategic Highway Safety Plan– Traffic Records Strategic Plan– MPO Plans
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Iowa DOT District 1Rural Two-Lane Primary Road Fatalities and Major Injuries (1998-
2000)
Disclaimer: The Center for Transportation Research and Education presents these data as preliminary.
20 unlocated injury severities not represented.(0 Fatal, 20 Major Injuries)
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Statewide Rural Four-Lane Primary Road* Fatal and Major Injury Crash Severities (1996-2000)
* Non-Interstate
Unlocated crash severities not represented.
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BEFORE
AFTER
Change in bearing between road segments
Horizontal Curves
High Crash Curves
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Before After
1993 -1995
1998 - 2000
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Safety Audit
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City of Des Moines1995 to 1999Ages 5 to 19
August 15 to June 15Monday to Friday
7:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m.
School-AgePedestrian
Crashes
Middle Schools
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Rural Alcohol-Related Fatal and Major Injury Crashes
Rural Alcohol-Related Crashes: Corridors Ranked by Frequency
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Some not-so “simple” questions
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Location methods• address• offset from known point
(intersection, bridge, crossing, milepost)
• Literal description• Smart map• Lat/long or other coordinates
(GPS)• Aerial photo
Multiple methods required
Spatial analysis methods
• Spot/Intersection Analysis
• Strip Analysis
• Cluster Analysis
• Sliding-Scale Analysis
• Corridor Analysis
Spatial statistics is an emerging area
Not a simple question
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Where are the crashes?
• Crashes are not necessarily point events
• Some crashes may be located using different methods and degree of accuracy – Temporal (e.g. link
node to lat long)– Spatial (e.g., state
police v. local)– Techno (GPS v. smart
map)
?
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Feature not
represented
Feature under
construction
Alignment OK
Alignment Off
Where are the roads? (Incorrect or incomplete cartography)
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Where are the roads? (Improving cartography)
Alignment moves
Alignment stays put
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What “was” the traffic volume on the road? (and other road attributes at the
time of the crash) – this is a biggy!
• Need traffic level for the year the crash happened
• Requires multiple files – in Iowa, working on going back past 1998 – difficult to do
• Was the road even there then? Is the road still there?
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How to segment the road system?
• Requirements– Logical breaks (engineering
and public)– Relationship to inventory data– Long enough for
manageability and presentation
– Short enough to reflect important changes
– Clear and understandable to use
• Facility location and type– What is rural/urban?
Character is important …Designated “rural”
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Can use attributes and/or proximity…Red: probable, Yellow: spatial @ 75’, Blue: possible + spatial
What is an intersection crash?
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SAFETEA-LU Sec. 1401: Must Identify “Top 5%”
… not easy to do in many states
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Collect data on all crashes?
YesSome, quality issue, or working on itNoNo Response
R Souleyrette, 1/2006
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State system crashes mapable (x-y or milepoint)?
YesSome, quality issue, or working on itNoNo Response
R Souleyrette, 1/2006
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Inventory data on all roads?
The “quadrennial needs” legacy
YesSome, quality issue, or working on itNoNo Response
State system as a percent of all public
roads
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Can 1401 be met without GIS?
Kansas, for example …• Has crashes on system only • Has ≈ 70% of crashes
located to road by route milepost
• Does sliding spot (nongraphical) & “named intersection” (program)
• Assuming the 30% missing does not affect the outcome
• No brainer to do top 5%
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Yes, but spatial systems can:
• Address integration issues – National level – conflation of
state cartography to federal base map
– State level – coordination of hundreds of local agencies on map development and update
• Enable proactive approaches
• Not only meet 1401 location challenges, also can…
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Mason City
Waterloo
Cedar Rapids
Quad CitiesDes Moines
Council Bluffs
IowaCity
Ames
SiouxCity
DubuqueFort Dodge
Ottumwa
Marshalltown
Spencer
Clinton
1 yrof data
Crash Density – 1 Year AverageAnnual Fatal and Major Injury Crashes Per Mile
Sam
ple
- DRAFT
Sam
ple
- DRAFT
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Mason City
Waterloo
Cedar Rapids
Quad CitiesDes Moines
Council Bluffs
IowaCity
Ames
SiouxCity
DubuqueFort Dodge
Ottumwa
Marshalltown
Spencer
Clinton
3 yrsof data
Crash Density – 3 Year AverageAnnual Fatal and Major Injury Crashes Per Mile
Sam
ple
- DRAFT
Sam
ple
- DRAFT
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Mason City
Waterloo
Cedar Rapids
Quad CitiesDes Moines
Council Bluffs
IowaCity
Ames
SiouxCity
DubuqueFort Dodge
Ottumwa
Marshalltown
Spencer
Clinton
5 yrsof data
Crash Density – 5 Year AverageAnnual Fatal and Major Injury Crashes Per Mile
Sam
ple
- DRAFT
Sam
ple
- DRAFT
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Mason City
Waterloo
Cedar Rapids
Quad CitiesDes Moines
Council Bluffs
IowaCity
Ames
SiouxCity
DubuqueFort Dodge
Ottumwa
Marshalltown
Spencer
Clinton
10 yrsof data
Crash Density – 10 Year AverageAnnual Fatal and Major Injury Crashes Per Mile
Sam
ple
- DRAFT
Sam
ple
- DRAFT
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For more information …
• Reg Souleyrette
• Iowa State University
• 515-294-5453
• www.ctre.iastate.edu/itsds