load shedding
TRANSCRIPT
Mohammad Zeeshan Nadeem Shehzad Muddassar Nazir
Group Members:
Load Shedding Define:
The act or process of disconnecting the electric current on certain lines when the demand becomes greater than the supply.
A rolling blackout, also referred to as load shedding, is an intentionally-engineered electrical power outage
Load Shedding vs. world:
In many African and South Asian countries
Sometimes, these blackouts are scheduled at fixed times of the day and week
blackouts may happen without any advance notice
India
Even in the nation's capital of New Delhi, rolling blackouts are common
it is common to have power for the 44% of rural households having access to electricity to lose power for more than 12 hours each day.
Iran
major cities in Iran are subject to rolling blackouts
generally occur from 10:00 AM until 1:00 PM
Occasional blackouts began in 2006
Republic of Ireland
On several occasions in the 1970s and 1980s trade union strikes in Ireland's power utility, the Electricity Supply Board (ESB)
Rolling blackouts have not occurred for this reason since 1991
The ESB have a zone rota system in place country is divided into regions which in turn
are subdivided into zones, referred to by the letter codes A, B, C, X, Y, and Z
Republic of Ireland During periods when
blackouts may occur electricity demand
exceeds available supply, supply is cut in some or all of the "high risk" zones
"Low" to "Moderate" to "High" and back to "Low".
Nepal
Kathmandu, faced with an influx of rural migrants and rising energy demands
faces load-shedding even during the monsoon when the rains fill the water reservoirs where electricity is generated
electricity was cut up to sixteen hours per day in some small villages a small hydropower
project set up locally may function more reliably than the power supply of the capital city
South Africa
the major producer and distributor of electricity is Eskom
During the 1980s Eskom mothballed three of their coal-fired power stations
government tried to deregulate the electricity
Western and Northern Cape In December 2005, a bolt left in Koeberg
Unit 1 reactor after maintenance caused extensive damage to the rotor, resulting in it tripping out
As a result, there was insufficient power to supply the Cape, with the transmission network only partially able to supply the electricity demand. As a result rolling blackouts were implemented across the two provinces.
Tajikistan
In January 2008 Tajikistan faced its coldest winter in 50 years, and the country's energy grid began to fail. By February 2008 Tajikstan's energy grid was near collapse and there were blackouts in most of the country
Hospitals throughout the country were on limited electricity use, and nurses and doctors were forced to keep newborn babies warm with hot water bottles
United Kingdom
The Three-Day Week Non-essential
commercial users were only allowed to consume electricity for three days each week
Home electricity supplies were also limited in some areas
Elsewhere
In many East Coast states "brownouts" rather than rolling blackouts are
implemented during power emergencies of the power being cut off altogether to a
certain percentage of customers, the voltage is reduced by a certain percentage to all customers — the resulting dimming of electric lights being the origin of the term "brownout."
Pakistan
Load shedding is one of our worst problems that the people of Pakistan are facing. Pakistan is facing problems due to load shedding; there are hundreds of problem in this country related to load shedding, like Industrial Production, unemployment and water supply etc.
Pakistan today faces a severe energy crisis with a shortfall that varies from 2000 to 5000 megawatts
Reasons of Load shedding:
1. Water Blockage Issue from India
2. Electricity Generation Resources
3. Increasing cost of fuel
4. Inability of WAPDA and KESC
5. Previous Government according to Present Government
6. Power Plants Lacking
7. Transmission Losses
Water Blockage Issue from India The water resources are at 36 percent, which
is the lowest in history. The water level has declined to dead-level in Tarbela Dam.
India making more than 50 dams on the all Kashmir Rivers since ceasefire
the issue of water blockage is a bigger issue than war on terror
Water Blockage Issue from India
Electricity Generation Resources We don’t use
technologies for generating electricity like Wind, Gas and Nuclear Power. We just concentrate on water electricity generation. A very few MW we generate by other technologies.
Increasing cost of fuel
WAPDA and KESC when purchasing electricity on higher cost are not eager to keep on selling the electricity on loss
Inability of WAPDA and KESC
Inability of WAPDA and KESC: WAPDA and KESC are two generation and
dispatch units in Pakistan. It is fact that they have poor service and are not able to complete with energy requirement. Private sector should be given chance and should be allowed to install power plant and settle the electricity to consumers
Previous Government according to Present Government The Present
Government blames on previous Government not just for this load shedding issue but all current issues, because previous government didn’t take serious actions to fix this and on going problems.
Power Plants Lacking
Our Political Leaders realized power plants lacking recently
“No more load-shedding after Dec 31” on Monday, July 27, 2009 The Minister for Water and Power Raja Pervez Ashraf
An announcement was took placed last year that “No more load shedding in 2009”
The govt of Pakistan is guilty because it is not making kala bagh dam and is depending on rain.and pak ha nuclear technology weeping beside kala bagh dam
Role of Leaders…..
The workers of KESC also seem helpless in this case,they may not be able to solve the power problem due to some unstable wiring connectivity and less support of government.The wiring system is not up to the mark and hydroelectricity may not be produced to have benefit for the nation.Leaders of Pakistan do not seem interested to solve this case and nation does not forcefully act over this issue.They do not act against unstable leaders
Role of Leaders…..
did you forget foreign tours or un-due and un-wanted protocols, sometimes and even hi-fi dinner parties. Gas of few industries have been disconnected so is electricity all over Pakistan
On Other Hand
Transmission Losses
Transmission losses and a poor distribution system also account for Pakistan's energy crisis. The government and its responsible departments need to take firm action to control power theft and to improve the distribution system in general. The US department of Energy (DoE) reports transmission losses of up to 30% in Pakistan
Transmission Losses
Problems vs. Load shedding
Problems vs. Load shedding load shedding could make anybody freaky or
absent minded depression sometimes when there would be
no electricity available in the city and especially when someone would be doing important work.In the meantime
when a person might be busy with important project and electricity would create disturbance by disappearance it could make people angry and work less.
Problems vs. Load shedding
Problems vs. Load shedding The hours-long load shedding in the city is giving a
tough time to students, especially schoolchildren, during the ongoing examinations
Students enrolled in semester system courses, especially those studying computers and other sciences, said that they had an extra burden of studies owing to the semester system
A number of institutions in the city did not give summer holidays to their students, as they had switched to the semester systems and were conducting examinations
Student vs. Load Shedding
Cont…….
PU Hostels boarder, said that students had no choice but prepare for their exams in candlelight during load-shedding hours. "The situation gets worse when the hostels run out of water, as we are not allowed to go out in the nighttime’s
Students who preparing for his CSS exams, said that students taking the exams usually went to libraries for preparations
Power Generating:
Pakistan’s power generation has been marred by complex socio-political and economic issues over the past several years
Hydroelectric power Nuclear power Power generation based on Coal Green solutions for Pakistan (including solar,
wind and tidal energy
Hydroelectric power:
our hydroelectric power generation is from:
Tarbela Dam (3000 MW)
Hydroelectric power:
Mangla Dam (1000 MW)
Hydroelectric power:
Warsak (245 MW)
Hydroelectric power: Chashma (185 MW)
Hydroelectric power:
had plans for more hydroelectric power generation stations in the pipeline for a long time but the actual implementation is always hindered and cornered by the socio-political conditions
Development in this sector requires time and patience. Pakistan, by 2015, should ideally have a hydroelectric power generation of 12000MW.
Nuclear Energy Today, Nuclear energy
powers the world with approximately 15% of the total electricity produced.
Pakistan, however, currently generates around 2.4% of its total electricity through its Nuclear power plants at Karachi
By the end of 2011, Pakistan should ideally have a Nuclear power generation capacity at around 1200MW.
Nuclear Energy
Coal Energy Pakistan has one of the largest
reserves of coal in the world Pakistan, at present, produces
approximately 0.2% of its total electricity through coal. Compare this to a global average of 40% electricity production through coal
India Pakistan's only coal fired power
plant is at Lakhra with a power generation capacity of 30MW
Coal Energy
Financially speaking, Pakistan also needs to cut down its dependency on oil and gas, to which coal is a fitting solution. Historically, the price of coal has generally been very stable as opposed to the price of oil and gas.
a neglected and underdeveloped area in Pakistan. The government needs to speed up and enhance the provision of basic infrastructure facilities
Green solutions for Pakistan Renewable and greener sources of energy
are being deployed throughout the world to minimize carbon emission and to lower costs associated with power generation. Let us discuss the options available to us in Pakistan
Solar Energy
Solar Energy
Pakistan is amongst those countries which receive a high level of solar radiation. Studies have shown that on average our country receives 19MW per square meter of solar energy.
Solar energy is not too expensive and its best use, for now, is in domestic applications such as water heating and for UPS (Uninterrupted Power Supply) systems
Wind Energy
Wind Energy
Pakistan has some 'wind-swept' corridors that are essential for generating power through wind energy
The Government of Pakistan has set the 'Alternative Energy Development' board a target of generating 700MW of electricity through wind energy by the end of 2010 and around 9700MW by the end of 2030
The wind-farm will provide HESCO with 6MW electricity, powering almost 6900 homes.
AEDB is able to achieve its target by producing 700MW
Tidal Energy
Tidal Energy Tidal energy is a form of hydropower that exploits
the movement of water caused by tidal currents or the rise and fall in sea levels due to tides. Tidal energy is a relatively unexplored area in Pakistan.
we need a thorough survery of the coastal areas of Pakistan to identify the best locations for setting up power plants for tidal power generation
Pakistan has for tidal energy development include a 170km creek system of the Indus delta, 2-5 meter high tides at Korangi creek and over 5 meters at Sir Creek.
Tidal Energy
Conclusion & Recommendations Vision 2010 Development of hydro-electric power plants and large water
reservoirs should begin immediately. Wind power generation should reach 500MW and ideally
700MW (the goal that has been set for the AEDB by the Government of Pakistan).
Domestic applications of solar power should be publicized and encouraged.
Utilizing financial resources effectively to make sure Independent Power Producers and power plants based on oil operate to their maximum capacity.
Immediate steps should be taken to reduce to transmission losses and power theft.
Conclusion & RecommendationsVision 2015 Development of hydro-electric power plants Wind power generation should reach 1200MW. 30% of Pakistan's 'unpowered' rural areas should
have electricity for basic use based on solar and wind resources.
Nuclear power generation by the year 2015 should reach 1500MW.
Coal resources should be put to effective use Pakistan's total generation capacity should increase Dependence on oil/gas based power plants can be
greatly reduced
Conclusion & Recommendations contract for these projects should be given to
those companies who are capable of completing this project
Islamabad thinking for the gravity of this problem which has become headache for the people
A liberal and progressive policy with less bureaucratic approach towards energy producing units will help and bring attractive investment in Power sector
Looking in the MIRROR
Looking in the MIRROR
However, here what is our responsibility, we all know that our country is in critical condition and we are looking for international aid
A saying is “nothing endures but change.” Heraclitus (540 BC - 480 BC)
If we want to get rid off this crisis, we have to change our life style.
We should definitely learn saving of energy.