lng systems for natural gas propelled ships jaroslaw polinski, maciej chorowski, pawel duda, janusz...
TRANSCRIPT
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LNG systems for natural gas propelled ships
Jaroslaw Polinski, Maciej Chorowski, Pawel Duda,
Janusz Skrzypacz
Wrocław University of Technology, Poland
Cryogenic Engineering Conference (CEC 25)Tucson, AZ, USA – June 28- July 02 2015
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Outline
• Problem’s background• Dual fuel engines• Marine LNG tanks• Gas fuel system overview• Samso Ferry fuel gas system• Conclusions
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Emission Control Areas (ECA)
DNV-GL
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Emission limits in ECA
20002011
2015
Sulphur content in fuel
Sulphur content in fuel
L. Laugen, An Environmental Life Cycle Assessment of LNG and HFO as Marine Fuels, NTNU, Trondheim
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Fuel alternatives for ECA
P. SEMOLINOS, „LNG as bunker fuel: Challenges to be overcome”, TOTAL Gas & Power
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Outline
• Problem’s background• Dual fuel engines• Marine LNG tanks• Gas fuel system overview• Samso Ferry fuel gas system• Conclusions
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Dual fuel engines
• High pressure type - Diesel cycle– gas is injected after oxidant air compression– mixture in ignited by pilot liquid fuel (diesel) injection– supplying gas pressure: 250÷300 bar– oil fuel only when operating below 15-20 % of the engine load
– problem with high emission in the ports or close-to-shore areas
• Low pressure type - Otto cycle– gas and oxidant air are mixed before the mixture
compression– pilot fuel for mixture injection (as in HP engines)– supplying gas pressure: 5÷7 bar– low emission at low engine loads– risk of unintended (knocking) ignition – max 80% of full load if
engine works in the gas mode
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Outline
• Problem’s background• Dual fuel engines• Marine LNG tanks• Gas fuel system overview• Gas utilization systems overview• Samso Ferry fuel gas system• Conclusions
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LNG vessel types
Membrane tanks• non-self-supporting• consist of a thin layer
(membrane) supported through insulation by the adjacent hull structure
• MAWP < 0.25 barg• if the hull structure is of
proper design MAWP < 0.7 barg
• capacity: 100 ÷ 20 000m3 • high production costs
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LNG vessel types
Independent A-type• designed using classical
ship-structural analysis procedure
• are required to have a full secondary barrier
• MAWP < 0.25 barg• if the hull structure is of
proper design MAWP < 0.7 barg
• capacity: 100 ÷ 20 000m3
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LNG vessel types
Independent B-type• similar to A-type tanks• are designed using
model tests, sophisticated analytical tools and analysis methods to determine stress levels, fatigue life and crack propagation characteristics
• are required to have a partial secondary barrier
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LNG vessel types
Independent C-type (pressure vessels)
• MAWP > 0.7 barg• usually cylindrical shape
• presently capacity: up to
500-600 m3 • future capacity: up to 2000 m3 • relatively cheap• small hull volume fulfillment ratio• can be installed in the new-building
and for upgraded existing ships
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Outline
• Problem’s background• Dual fuel engines• Marine LNG tanks• Gas fuel system overview• Samso Ferry fuel gas system• Conclusions
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Fuel gas systems schemes
• Non-pressure vessels (membrane type, A-type and B-type tanks)
– LNG centrifugal pump– LNG evaporated and
warmed-up in the VAP with water-glycol (WG) brine
– Pressure pulsation dumper (PD) is required
– Low exploitation costs– High installation costs
WG
VAP
PD
MAWP = 0.7 bar gOper. pres. < 0.7 bar g
Gas to enginep= 5÷7 bar g
LNG Pump
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Fuel gas systems schemes
WG
VAP
PD
MAWP = 10 bar gOper. pres. 5-7 bar g
WG
PBU
Gas to enginep= 5÷7 bar g
• Pressure vessels with gravity-based PBU
– Pressure in the tank produced in pressure built-up unit (PBU)
– Pressure in the tank compatible with low-pressure engine requirements
– Lack of the mechanical gas compressors
– Simple and reliability design
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WG
VAP
Gas to enginep= 5÷7 bar g
MAWP = 10 bar gOper. pres. 5-7 bar g
WG
PBU
LNG Pump
Fuel gas systems schemes
• Pressure vessels with forced flow thought PBU
– LNG pump for PBU– Whole LNG evaporated
in the PBU (larger size)– VAP for gas warm-up
only (smaller size)– PD is no necessary
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WG
VAP
PD
MAWP = 10 bar gOper. pres. 5-7 bar g
WG
PBU
Gas to enginep= 250÷ 300 bar g
Compressor
Fuel gas systems schemes
• Systems for high-pressure engine
– Whichever previously discussed scheme is used here the multistage gas compressor after VAP is necessary
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Outline
• Problem’s background• Dual fuel engines• Marine LNG tanks• Gas fuel system overview• Samso Ferry fuel gas system• Conclusions
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Samso Ferry – LNG dual-fuel ship
Shipowner : Samso Kommune (DK)
Ship manufacturer: Remontowa Shipyard Ltd.
(PL)
LNG Fuel System:• Design: Wroclaw University of Technology (PL)• LNG Tank production: FUO Rumia Ltd. (PL)• Cold-box and auxiliaries production:
KrioSystem Ltd. Wroclaw (PL)
Classification society: DNV-GL (N, PL)
Samso Island
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Simplified P&ID of samso Ferry fuel gas system
TT FTPT
Bunkering station
Tank Connecting Space
Tank Storage Room
VAP
PBU
WG
WG
Gas to engine
LNG Tank
To Vent Mast
LNG from ext. station
Vent Line
Tank safety and vent system
Bunkering Line safety and vent
system
PT
LT
Vacuum Insulation Gas-fired Water Boiler
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LNG Tank under construction at Remontowa LNG System Ltd, Poland (former FUO Rumia)
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LNG tank connection space under construction at KrioSystem Ltd, Poland
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LNG tank with integrated TCS – transport to the ship
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LNG tank with integrated TCS – view from the ship tank room
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Outline
• Problem’s background• Dual fuel engines• Marine LNG tanks• Gas fuel system overview• Samso Ferry fuel gas system• Conclusions
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Conclusions
• LNG is the most prospectus marine fuel in Emission Control Areas
• The selection of the fuel gas system should be made in respect of:– ship size, design and application– gas engine type– expected sailing range in the gas mode
• WrUT in cooperation with Polish industry have developed, designed, produced, installed and successfully commissioned the first Polish fuel gas system for ship’s propulsion purpose
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LNG TANK you for your attention