living things use energy, move, consume water and food, etc. living things use energy, move, consume...

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Living things use energy, move, consume Living things use energy, move, consume water and food, etc. water and food, etc. Any individual form of life that is Any individual form of life that is capable of growing and reproducing is capable of growing and reproducing is considered an organism. considered an organism. All organisms get water and other All organisms get water and other materials from the environment. materials from the environment. Identify the organisms: Identify the organisms: Rock Rock People People Hamburger Hamburger Tree Tree Table Table Computer Computer Fish Fish Zebra Zebra Bird Bird Organisms Organisms

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Page 1: Living things use energy, move, consume water and food, etc. Living things use energy, move, consume water and food, etc. Any individual form of life that

• Living things use energy, move, consume water Living things use energy, move, consume water and food, etc.and food, etc.

• Any individual form of life that is capable of Any individual form of life that is capable of growing and reproducing is considered an growing and reproducing is considered an organism.organism.

• All organisms get water and other materials All organisms get water and other materials from the environment.from the environment.

Identify the organisms:Identify the organisms: RockRock PeoplePeople HamburgerHamburger TreeTree TableTable ComputerComputer FishFish ZebraZebra BirdBird

OrganismsOrganisms

Page 2: Living things use energy, move, consume water and food, etc. Living things use energy, move, consume water and food, etc. Any individual form of life that

All living things have six characteristics of life.All living things have six characteristics of life. Its body must be made up of Its body must be made up of cellscells.. It must have the It must have the ability to develop and ability to develop and

grow.grow. It must be It must be able to respond to its able to respond to its

environment.environment. It must have the It must have the ability to reproduceability to reproduce.. It must be able to use It must be able to use energyenergy.. It must be able to It must be able to metabolizemetabolize things or things or

excrete waste. excrete waste.

Characteristics of LifeCharacteristics of Life

Page 3: Living things use energy, move, consume water and food, etc. Living things use energy, move, consume water and food, etc. Any individual form of life that

Organisms cannot carry out the activities of life Organisms cannot carry out the activities of life without some necessities.without some necessities.

They are:They are: Food and Water Food and Water Fats and ProteinsFats and Proteins Air Air Temperature Temperature SpaceSpace

Needs of LifeNeeds of Life

Page 4: Living things use energy, move, consume water and food, etc. Living things use energy, move, consume water and food, etc. Any individual form of life that

All living things are made of cells.All living things are made of cells. Cells are the smallest unit of a living Cells are the smallest unit of a living

thing. thing. Unicellular organisms are made of a Unicellular organisms are made of a

single cell.single cell. An example would be a tiny organism in pond water.An example would be a tiny organism in pond water.

Multicellular organisms are made of Multicellular organisms are made of many cells.many cells. An example would be frogs.An example would be frogs.

CellsCells

Page 5: Living things use energy, move, consume water and food, etc. Living things use energy, move, consume water and food, etc. Any individual form of life that

Most cells are so small that they cannot be Most cells are so small that they cannot be seen without a microscope.seen without a microscope.

In the 1660’s Robert Hooke began using In the 1660’s Robert Hooke began using microscopes to look at various material. He microscopes to look at various material. He gave cells its name after looking at cork gave cells its name after looking at cork under a microscope.under a microscope.

In the 1670’s Anton van Leeuwenhoek began In the 1670’s Anton van Leeuwenhoek began looking at cells too. He was the first person looking at cells too. He was the first person to describe living cells.to describe living cells.

Using microscopes helped the scientist Using microscopes helped the scientist discover the living things in items such as discover the living things in items such as pond water. This made people ask the pond water. This made people ask the question: Do all living things have cells?question: Do all living things have cells?

Cell Discovery!Cell Discovery!

Page 6: Living things use energy, move, consume water and food, etc. Living things use energy, move, consume water and food, etc. Any individual form of life that

Another question that many people had Another question that many people had was where do cells come from?was where do cells come from?

As Scientists began to investigate this As Scientists began to investigate this question, they developed what is known question, they developed what is known as the cell theory.as the cell theory.

The cell theory one of the basic concepts The cell theory one of the basic concepts of biology. It states:of biology. It states: All living things are made up of one or more All living things are made up of one or more

cells.cells. Cells carry out the functions needed to support Cells carry out the functions needed to support

life.life. Cells come from other living cells.Cells come from other living cells.

Cell theory:Cell theory:

Page 7: Living things use energy, move, consume water and food, etc. Living things use energy, move, consume water and food, etc. Any individual form of life that

A French scientists that lived during the 1800’s A French scientists that lived during the 1800’s There was no mechanical refrigeration in There was no mechanical refrigeration in

homes, which caused foods like milk to spoil.homes, which caused foods like milk to spoil. Many people during this time died from Many people during this time died from

typhoid fever, tuberculosis, and diphtheria.typhoid fever, tuberculosis, and diphtheria. Pasteur found that microscopic organisms Pasteur found that microscopic organisms

(bacteria) were involved in spoiling food and in (bacteria) were involved in spoiling food and in diseases.diseases.

Pasteur discovered a process called Pasteur discovered a process called pasteurization, which uses heat to kill bacteria. pasteurization, which uses heat to kill bacteria. Doing this helps things like milk last longer. Doing this helps things like milk last longer.

Louis PasteurLouis Pasteur

Page 8: Living things use energy, move, consume water and food, etc. Living things use energy, move, consume water and food, etc. Any individual form of life that

Many scientist believed that bacteria grew from Many scientist believed that bacteria grew from nonliving material in what is called spontaneous nonliving material in what is called spontaneous generation.generation.

Pasteur thought otherwise and conducted a series Pasteur thought otherwise and conducted a series of experiments that confirmed the cell theory.of experiments that confirmed the cell theory.

He found that bacteria are present in the air.He found that bacteria are present in the air. In his experiments, there were two flasks of In his experiments, there were two flasks of

broth. One was open, and the other was sealed. broth. One was open, and the other was sealed. Bacteria began growing in the flask that was Bacteria began growing in the flask that was open, but not the one that was sealed. The sealed open, but not the one that was sealed. The sealed one remained clear.one remained clear.

Knowing this, what do you think would happen to Knowing this, what do you think would happen to a sealed flask of broth after a week has passed?a sealed flask of broth after a week has passed?

Bacteria and Spontaneous Bacteria and Spontaneous GenerationGeneration

Page 9: Living things use energy, move, consume water and food, etc. Living things use energy, move, consume water and food, etc. Any individual form of life that

Cells have a great variety of size and shape.Cells have a great variety of size and shape.

The cell membrane is a boundary that separates The cell membrane is a boundary that separates the inside of the cell from the outside of the cell. the inside of the cell from the outside of the cell. The cell membrane is that protective outer The cell membrane is that protective outer covering that encloses the entire cell. It controls covering that encloses the entire cell. It controls what enters and leaves the cell.what enters and leaves the cell.

Cytoplasm is a gelatin-like material inside of the Cytoplasm is a gelatin-like material inside of the cell membrane.cell membrane.

Cells can be divided into two categories: eukaryote Cells can be divided into two categories: eukaryote and prokaryote.and prokaryote.

A eukaryotic cell holds its genetic material inside A eukaryotic cell holds its genetic material inside of the nucleus of the cell.of the nucleus of the cell.

A prokaryotic cell does not have a nucleus, so its A prokaryotic cell does not have a nucleus, so its genetic material is in the cytoplasm.genetic material is in the cytoplasm.

The Diverse CellThe Diverse Cell

Page 10: Living things use energy, move, consume water and food, etc. Living things use energy, move, consume water and food, etc. Any individual form of life that

Both plants and animals have eukaryotic cells.Both plants and animals have eukaryotic cells.

Plant and animal cells have a cell membrane and Plant and animal cells have a cell membrane and cytoplasm.cytoplasm.

Plant cells contain a cell wall. The cell wall is a Plant cells contain a cell wall. The cell wall is a tough outer covering that lies outside the cell tough outer covering that lies outside the cell membrane. The cell wall supports and protects membrane. The cell wall supports and protects the cell.the cell.

There are many organelles that can be found There are many organelles that can be found within both the plant and animal cells.within both the plant and animal cells.

An organelle is any part of a cell that is surrounded An organelle is any part of a cell that is surrounded by a membrane. by a membrane.

Each organelles activities are separate from those Each organelles activities are separate from those of other organelles.of other organelles.

Eukaryotic CellEukaryotic Cell

Page 11: Living things use energy, move, consume water and food, etc. Living things use energy, move, consume water and food, etc. Any individual form of life that

If you look around you, there are many living If you look around you, there are many living organisms that you can see. There is also a organisms that you can see. There is also a huge number of unicellular organisms.huge number of unicellular organisms.

Most of the organisms alive on Earth today Most of the organisms alive on Earth today are unicellular or made of a single cell.are unicellular or made of a single cell.

Examples of one-celled organisms can be Examples of one-celled organisms can be found in the domains of Archaea, Bacteria, found in the domains of Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya.and Eukarya.

A domain is a broad category of living things A domain is a broad category of living things based on the characteristics of the cell.based on the characteristics of the cell.

OrganismsOrganisms

Page 12: Living things use energy, move, consume water and food, etc. Living things use energy, move, consume water and food, etc. Any individual form of life that

They are prokaryotes and both have tough They are prokaryotes and both have tough cell walls.cell walls.

The cytoplasm contains ribosomes, but no The cytoplasm contains ribosomes, but no organelles.organelles.

There is no nucleus for organisms in this There is no nucleus for organisms in this category.category.

Archaea was first discovered in the Archaea was first discovered in the 1970’s, but bacteria was discovered prior 1970’s, but bacteria was discovered prior to this time.to this time.

Archaea and BacteriaArchaea and Bacteria

Page 13: Living things use energy, move, consume water and food, etc. Living things use energy, move, consume water and food, etc. Any individual form of life that

Organisms have cells with a nucleus.Organisms have cells with a nucleus. Includes all of the multicellular organisms Includes all of the multicellular organisms

on Earth such as plants, animals, and on Earth such as plants, animals, and fungi.fungi.

It also includes many unicellular It also includes many unicellular organisms like protists.organisms like protists.

The paramecium is one of the most The paramecium is one of the most complex of the unicellular eukaryotes.complex of the unicellular eukaryotes.

It has all it needs to live as a single cell.It has all it needs to live as a single cell.

EukaryaEukarya

Page 14: Living things use energy, move, consume water and food, etc. Living things use energy, move, consume water and food, etc. Any individual form of life that

Most multicellular organisms are made of different Most multicellular organisms are made of different types of cells that do different jobs. The cells are all types of cells that do different jobs. The cells are all specialized.specialized.

Specialization is when a cell and all of its organelles are Specialization is when a cell and all of its organelles are organized in a way that allows it to do a specific job.organized in a way that allows it to do a specific job.

An example of specialized cell is a muscle cell or root An example of specialized cell is a muscle cell or root cells.cells.

A nonexample is a paramecium.A nonexample is a paramecium. Cells in more complex organisms like plants and Cells in more complex organisms like plants and

animals are grouped together in tissues.animals are grouped together in tissues. A tissue is a group of similar cells that are organized to A tissue is a group of similar cells that are organized to

do a specific job. An example would be the two layers do a specific job. An example would be the two layers of skin tissue that humans have.of skin tissue that humans have.

• Multicellular OrganismsMulticellular Organisms

Page 15: Living things use energy, move, consume water and food, etc. Living things use energy, move, consume water and food, etc. Any individual form of life that

Different tissues working together to perform a Different tissues working together to perform a particular function represents an organism.particular function represents an organism.

This is an organ. An example would be something This is an organ. An example would be something like the lungs.like the lungs.

Organs and tissues working together forms what is Organs and tissues working together forms what is known as an organ system. An example would be known as an organ system. An example would be the nervous system.the nervous system.

Organism is the highest level of organization. An Organism is the highest level of organization. An example would be a frog.example would be a frog.

Multicellular OrganismsMulticellular Organisms

Page 16: Living things use energy, move, consume water and food, etc. Living things use energy, move, consume water and food, etc. Any individual form of life that

Scientists use models to provide insight into cells.Scientists use models to provide insight into cells.

Models show how cell parts fit together.Models show how cell parts fit together.

Scientific models can be a simple equation or a Scientific models can be a simple equation or a formula.formula.

It can also be three – dimensional in order to show It can also be three – dimensional in order to show the scientists what it would look like.the scientists what it would look like.

The real cells often look very different from the The real cells often look very different from the models that are created of the cell.models that are created of the cell.

Cell ModelsCell Models

Page 17: Living things use energy, move, consume water and food, etc. Living things use energy, move, consume water and food, etc. Any individual form of life that

Use the following link to fill in Use the following link to fill in the blanks about the levels of the blanks about the levels of organizationorganization

http://www.scsc.k12.in.us/SMS/Teachers/Martin/replacelevelsoforganization.htm

Levels of OrganizationLevels of Organization