Living in the Stone Age

Are we all Africans “under the Are we all Africans “under the skin”????skin”????

Are we all Africans “under the Are we all Africans “under the skin”????skin”????

1. 4,000,000 BCE – 1,000,000 BCE1. 4,000,000 BCE – 1,000,000 BCE1. 4,000,000 BCE – 1,000,000 BCE1. 4,000,000 BCE – 1,000,000 BCE

2. 1,500,000 BCE -- 250,000 BCE2. 1,500,000 BCE -- 250,000 BCE2. 1,500,000 BCE -- 250,000 BCE2. 1,500,000 BCE -- 250,000 BCE

3. 250,000 BCE – 30,000 BCE3. 250,000 BCE – 30,000 BCE3. 250,000 BCE – 30,000 BCE3. 250,000 BCE – 30,000 BCE

4. 30,000 BCE -- 10,000 BCE

Paleolithic AgePaleolithic Age::( Old Stone Age )( Old Stone Age )

2,500,000 BCE 2,500,000 BCE to 8,000 BCE to 8,000 BCE

Paleolithic AgePaleolithic Age::( Old Stone Age )( Old Stone Age )

2,500,000 BCE 2,500,000 BCE to 8,000 BCE to 8,000 BCE

Examining History

What is “PRE-HISTORY”?

What is the historical dating system? How has it changed?

Humans have undergone massive development over millions of year. There are 4 major groups. Guesses?

Development of Humans

1. Homo Habilis

Latin for “handy man”

2. Homo Erectus Latin for “upright man”

3. Homo Sapiens Latin for “reasoning man”

a) NEANDERATHAL

Neander Valley- Germany

b) CRO -MAGNON

South France- clearing away earth from back of a rock shelter locally known as Cro-Magnon

4,000,000 BCE – 1,000,000 BCE4,000,000 BCE – 1,000,000 BCE4,000,000 BCE – 1,000,000 BCE4,000,000 BCE – 1,000,000 BCE

Hominids --> any memberHominids --> any member of the family of two-legged of the family of two-legged primates that includes all primates that includes all humans. humans.

Hominids --> any memberHominids --> any member of the family of two-legged of the family of two-legged primates that includes all primates that includes all humans. humans.

AustralopithecinesAustralopithecines AustralopithecinesAustralopithecines

An Opposable An Opposable Thumb Thumb

An Opposable An Opposable Thumb Thumb

HOMO HABILISHOMO HABILIS ( “Man of Skills” ) ( “Man of Skills” )

HOMO HABILISHOMO HABILIS ( “Man of Skills” ) ( “Man of Skills” )

found in East found in East Africa.Africa.

found in East found in East Africa.Africa. created stone created stone tools.tools.

created stone created stone tools.tools.

1,6000,000 BCE – 30,000 BCE1,6000,000 BCE – 30,000 BCE1,6000,000 BCE – 30,000 BCE1,6000,000 BCE – 30,000 BCE

HOMO ERECTUS HOMO ERECTUS ( “Upright Human Being” )( “Upright Human Being” )

HOMO ERECTUS HOMO ERECTUS ( “Upright Human Being” )( “Upright Human Being” )

Larger and more varied Larger and more varied tools --> primitive technology tools --> primitive technology

Larger and more varied Larger and more varied tools --> primitive technology tools --> primitive technology

First hominid to migrate andFirst hominid to migrate and leave Africa for Europe and leave Africa for Europe and Asia. Asia.

First hominid to migrate andFirst hominid to migrate and leave Africa for Europe and leave Africa for Europe and Asia. Asia.

First to use fire ( 500,000 BCE First to use fire ( 500,000 BCE ))

First to use fire ( 500,000 BCE First to use fire ( 500,000 BCE ))

BIPEDALISMBIPEDALISM BIPEDALISMBIPEDALISM

200,000 BCE – 10,000 BCE200,000 BCE – 10,000 BCE200,000 BCE – 10,000 BCE200,000 BCE – 10,000 BCE

HOMO SAPIENSHOMO SAPIENS ( “Wise Human Being” ) ( “Wise Human Being” )

HOMO SAPIENSHOMO SAPIENS ( “Wise Human Being” ) ( “Wise Human Being” )

NeanderthalsNeanderthals( 200,000 BCE – 30,000 BCE )( 200,000 BCE – 30,000 BCE )

NeanderthalsNeanderthals( 200,000 BCE – 30,000 BCE )( 200,000 BCE – 30,000 BCE )

Cro-MagnonsCro-Magnons( 40,000 BCE – 10,000 ( 40,000 BCE – 10,000

BCE )BCE )

Cro-MagnonsCro-Magnons( 40,000 BCE – 10,000 ( 40,000 BCE – 10,000

BCE )BCE )

NEANDERTHALS:NEANDERTHALS:NEANDERTHALS:NEANDERTHALS:

Neander Valley, Neander Valley, Germany (1856) Germany (1856)

Neander Valley, Neander Valley, Germany (1856) Germany (1856)

First humans to buryFirst humans to bury their dead. their dead.

First humans to buryFirst humans to bury their dead. their dead.

Made clothes fromMade clothes from animal skins. animal skins.

Made clothes fromMade clothes from animal skins. animal skins.

Lived in caves andLived in caves and tents. tents.

Lived in caves andLived in caves and tents. tents.

NEANDERTHALSNEANDERTHALSNEANDERTHALSNEANDERTHALS

Early Hut/TentEarly Hut/TentEarly Hut/TentEarly Hut/Tent

CRO-MAGNONs:CRO-MAGNONs:CRO-MAGNONs:CRO-MAGNONs: Homo sapiens sapiensHomo sapiens sapiens ( “Wise, wise human” )( “Wise, wise human” )

Homo sapiens sapiensHomo sapiens sapiens ( “Wise, wise human” )( “Wise, wise human” )

By 30,000 BCE theyBy 30,000 BCE they replaced replaced Neanderthals.Neanderthals.

WHY???WHY??? WHY???WHY???

Great Leap Forward

35 000 years ago when changes brought about innovation, creativity to humans (Homo Sapiens Sapiens)

2 FUNDAMENTAL CHANGES OCCURRED: 1) Development of modern anatomy2) Beginning of innovative behaviour

EFFECTS Production of crafted tools and more sophisticated

weapons development of trade for raw materials and ornaments Emergence of sculptures, paintings and crafted objects

that showcased beauty and religion

“Lithos” = stone

Paleolithic Age

Greek “paleo” means “old”

Upper Paleolithic age was 50 000 – 10 000 years ago

Neolithic AgeNeolithic Age

Greek Greek ““neoneo”” means means ““newnew””

Neolithic Revolution occurred Neolithic Revolution occurred between 9000 – 4000 BCEbetween 9000 – 4000 BCE

Humans during this period found shelter in Humans during this period found shelter in caves.caves.

Humans during this period found shelter in Humans during this period found shelter in caves.caves. Cave paintings left behind. Cave paintings left behind. Cave paintings left behind. Cave paintings left behind.

Purpose??Purpose??Purpose??Purpose??

““Neolithic”Neolithic” “New Stone” “New Stone” AgeAge

““Neolithic”Neolithic” “New Stone” “New Stone” AgeAge 10,000 BCE – 4,000 BCE10,000 BCE – 4,000 BCE 10,000 BCE – 4,000 BCE10,000 BCE – 4,000 BCE

Gradual shift from:Gradual shift from: Gradual shift from:Gradual shift from:

Nomadic lifestyleNomadic lifestyle settled, stationery settled, stationery lifestyle.lifestyle.Nomadic lifestyleNomadic lifestyle settled, stationery settled, stationery lifestyle.lifestyle.Hunting/Gathering Hunting/Gathering agricultural agricultural production andproduction and domestication of animals. domestication of animals.

Hunting/Gathering Hunting/Gathering agricultural agricultural production andproduction and domestication of animals. domestication of animals.

Image Analysis Activity: Observation, Deduction, Hypothesis

Virtual Tour of Lascaux Caveshttp://www.lascaux.culture.fr/#/en/02_00.xml

Image Analysis Activity: Observation, Deduction, Hypothesis

Image Analysis Activity: Observation, Deduction, Hypothesis

8,000 BCE – 5,000 BCE8,000 BCE – 5,000 BCE 8,000 BCE – 5,000 BCE8,000 BCE – 5,000 BCE

Agriculture developed independently inAgriculture developed independently in different parts of the world. different parts of the world. Agriculture developed independently inAgriculture developed independently in different parts of the world. different parts of the world.

SLASH-AND-BURN FarmingSLASH-AND-BURN Farming SLASH-AND-BURN FarmingSLASH-AND-BURN Farming

Middle East India Central America China Southeast Middle East India Central America China Southeast AsiaAsia

8,000 BCE 7,000 BCE 6,500 BCE 6,000 BCE 5,000 BCE8,000 BCE 7,000 BCE 6,500 BCE 6,000 BCE 5,000 BCE

Middle East India Central America China Southeast Middle East India Central America China Southeast AsiaAsia

8,000 BCE 7,000 BCE 6,500 BCE 6,000 BCE 5,000 BCE8,000 BCE 7,000 BCE 6,500 BCE 6,000 BCE 5,000 BCE

DevelopmenDevelopment t

of of AgricultureAgriculture

DevelopmenDevelopment t

of of AgricultureAgriculture

?

?

?

?

Why do you think the development of

agriculture occurred around the same time

in several different places?

Why do you think the development of

agriculture occurred around the same time

in several different places?

Growing crops on a regular basis made possible Growing crops on a regular basis made possible the the support of larger populations. support of larger populations.

Growing crops on a regular basis made possible Growing crops on a regular basis made possible the the support of larger populations. support of larger populations. More permanent, settled communities emerged.More permanent, settled communities emerged. More permanent, settled communities emerged.More permanent, settled communities emerged.

9,000 BCE 9,000 BCE Earliest Agricultural Settlement at Earliest Agricultural Settlement at JARMOJARMO ( northern Iraq ) ( northern Iraq ) wheatwheat

9,000 BCE 9,000 BCE Earliest Agricultural Settlement at Earliest Agricultural Settlement at JARMOJARMO ( northern Iraq ) ( northern Iraq ) wheatwheat

8,000 BCE 8,000 BCE Largest Early Settlement at Largest Early Settlement at ÇÇatal atal HHüüyükyük ( Modern Turkey ) ( Modern Turkey ) 6,000 inhabitants 6,000 inhabitants

8,000 BCE 8,000 BCE Largest Early Settlement at Largest Early Settlement at ÇÇatal atal HHüüyükyük ( Modern Turkey ) ( Modern Turkey ) 6,000 inhabitants 6,000 inhabitants

Division of laborDivision of labor Division of laborDivision of labor

Engaged in tradeEngaged in trade Engaged in tradeEngaged in trade

Organized religion Organized religion

Small militarySmall military Small militarySmall military

12 cultivated 12 cultivated cropscrops

12 cultivated 12 cultivated cropscrops

An obsidian daggerAn obsidian dagger

Çatal Çatal HüyükHüyükÇatal Çatal HüyükHüyük

What role did the food supply play in

shaping the nomadic life of hunter-

gatherers and the settled life of the

farmers?

What role did the food supply play in

shaping the nomadic life of hunter-

gatherers and the settled life of the

farmers?

RECAP: Major Innovations of the Stone Age

More complex human societies (from semi-nomadic to permanent cities; domestication of animals; leisure time)

Development of social hierarchies Development of alliances and cooperation Marriage customs Development of trade goods and routes Religious rituals Refined sense of artistic beauty

ALL THESE LED TO THE FIRST “CIVILIZATION”

AdvancedAdvanced

CitiesCities

SpecializedSpecialized

WorkersWorkers

ComplexComplex

InstitutionsInstitutions

Record-Record-

KeepingKeeping

AdvancedAdvanced

TechnologyTechnology