living and learning with herbicide resistant weeds
DESCRIPTION
Living and Learning with Herbicide Resistant Weeds. Eric P. Prostko and A. Stanley Culpepper Extension Weed Specialists Department of Crop & Soil Sciences. UGA Faculty Tim Grey (Tifton) Bill Vencill (Athens) Mark Czarnota (Griffin) Tim Murphy (Griffin) USDA-ARS Carroll Johnson - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Living and Learning withHerbicide Resistant WeedsEric P. Prostko and A. Stanley CulpepperExtension Weed SpecialistsDepartment of Crop & Soil Sciences
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UGA Weed Science TeamSupporting Cast & CrewUGA FacultyTim Grey (Tifton)Bill Vencill (Athens)Mark Czarnota (Griffin)Tim Murphy (Griffin)USDA-ARSCarroll JohnsonTed WebsterPost-DocsLynn SosnoskieValdosta State Univ.Richard CarterTechnical SupportCharlie HiltonAmy DavisJesse ParkerKevin BaldreeAdministrativeDena WatsonGraduate StudentsRebekah WallaceTrey CuttsStudent WorkersToo many to mention butVery valuable to program
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Palmer Amaranth in Georgia
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Do what must be done?
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Why Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri)?38 species of Amaranthus in U.S.27 species found in SEdioaciousgrows faster than other pigweeds (1-2 per day!!)more competitive than other pigweedsprolific seed producerseed to seed 9-12 WAE2 generations/yearherbicide tolerance
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Herbicide Resistance Concerns in Georgia glyphosate
ALS herbicides
Atrazine
Multiple resistanceGlyphosate + ALS
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Georgia counties confirmed to be infested with glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth.2004 1 county2005 2 counties2006 7 counties2007 10 counties2008 6 so far1-28-09
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GA Confirmed ALS-Resistant Palmer Sites
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2008 Triazine Resistance SurveyMacon County4/20 sites resistant to 10X rate(4,5,15,20)6/20 sites took 5 qts/A to kill(3,6,8,14,17,19)
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Site 5 Atrazine Resistance Survey0.115100Atrazine (qts/A)*Not resistant to Evik (ametryn) or Direx (diuron)
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How did this happen to us?????Economics drive farmer decisionsNo real long-term weed mgt. planningFarm logisticsOveruse of glyphosateOveruse of Staple and CadreReduced herbicides ratesReduced tillageReduction in use of residualsDryland production systems
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Palmer Amaranth BiologyHow many seed?
How long can the seed survive in the soil?
Where does most of the germination occur?
Pollen Drift
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# of seedsPalmer amaranth seed production in Georgia from a single female plant when competing with cotton for the season450,000Macon Co.2006*1,000,000 seed/plant (Keeley et al. 1987. Weed Science 35:199-204)California
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R-Palmer amaranth seed longevitySource: Dr. Lynn Sosnoskie - UGA
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Influence of burial depth on Palmer amaranth emergence in GeorgiaSource: Dr. Lynn Sosnoskie - UGA
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Herbicide Resistant WeedsPollen DriftOff-site movement (wind, gravity, insects, man, animal) of resistance trait through pollen
Pollen from resistant male fertilizes susceptible female to produce resistant progeny (seed)
UGA researchers have documented GR-trait movement of at least 960 (Palmer amaranth).Palmer Amaranth PollenSource: Dr. Lynn Sosnoskie
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In-field Palmer amaranth pollen movement
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Cultural PracticesDeep tillage
Extreme cover crops
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No Deep TillageDeep TurnNo Herbicide Treatment
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Palmer amaranth seedling density as influenced by tillage.
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Dryland Systems
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Irrigation in GeorgiaSource: Kerry Harrison, UGA Extension Engineer
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May-June 2008 Rainfall Distribution in Midville Crops planted from May 21-June 21 did not receive enough rainfall to activate herbicides (0.26 total).June Rainfall = 0.62 which occurred as follows:12 (0.08); 22 (0.36); 26 (0.08); 29 (0.10)
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If residual herbicides are not activated on a timely basis with a reliable water source, pigweed control will be very difficult, maybe even impossible!
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Dryland SystemsGrowers need to think about mechanical herbicide incorporation
Will help but not a guarantee
Success will depend uponoperatorImplementSoil conditions
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Chemical Control OptionsValor (flumioxazin)Reflex (fomesafen)Dual Magnum (S-metolachlor)AtrazineLiberty-Link (glufosinate)Sencor products (metribuzin)KIH-485
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Palmer Amaranth Control in PeanutsMacon County, GA 2007 (38 DAT)NTCValor SX 51WG @ 3 oz/A
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Palmer Amaranth Control in PeanutsMacon County, GA 2007 (38 DAT)NTCDual Magnum 7.62EC@ 1 pt/A
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NTCAtrazine 4L @ 1 qt/A PREAtrazine 4L @ 1.5 qt/A 30 DAPPeptoil @ 1% v/v 30 DAPMacon County GR Palmer AmaranthJune 24, 2008 60 DAPCN-01-08
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RR vs LL Corn - 2008UntreatedRoundup W-Max @ 22 oz/AAtrazine @ 1.5 qt/AProwl H2O @ 2.1 pt/A(POST)Ignite 2.34 SL @ 23 oz/AAtrazine @ 1.5 qt/AProwl H2O @ 2.1 pt/AAMS @ 3 lb/A(POST)CN-11-086/17/200881 DAP
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Metribuzin Products on SoybeansSencorBoundaryDual Magnum + SencorCanopySencor + ClassicRead labelKnow soil texture and OMVarietiesrotations
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GR-Pigweed Control in Soybeans - 2008SB-06-08Macon County48 DAPNTCCanopy 75DG @ 6 oz/A + Prowl H2O 3.8ASC @ 2.1 pt/A (PRE)
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GR-Palmer Amaranth Control in Soybeans - 2007SB-01-07Macon Co.76 DAPNTCGramoxone Inteon @ 3 pt/A +Boundary @ 1.8 pt/A + NIS @ 0.25% v/v (7 DBP)Touchdown Total @ 1.5 pt/A (26 DAP)
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Soybean varieties screened in 2008 that had adequate tolerance to Boundary 6.5EC (2 pt/A), Canopy 75DG (5 oz/A), and Sencor 75DG (6 oz/A). Ag South AGS 568 Asgrow H7242Asgrow 4903 RR/STS Delta Pineland DP 5634Delta Pineland DP 6568 Northrup King NKS 80P2Northrup King NKS 76L9Northrup King NKS 78G6Pioneer 95Y40Pioneer 95Y70Pioneer 96M60Pioneer 97M50Southern States RT5951Southern States RT4808Vigoro V61N9Vigoro V74N9
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GR-Pigweed Control in Soybeans 2008 Macon County90%Valor @ 3 oz/A; Envive @ 3 oz/A; Reflex @ 1 pt/A;Prefix @ 2 pt/A; Canopy @ 6 oz/A; Sencor @ 8 oz/AKIH-485 @ 4.2 oz/A; Dual Magnum @ 1 pt/A
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KIH-485PyroxasulfoneKumiaiDeveloped for corn and soybeansPREHerbicide FamilySulfonylioxazoline (?)Herbicide Mode of Action (?)plant growth inhibitor that affects apical meristem and coleoptile development of plants after seed germinationLow use rates
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GR-Palmer Amaranth Control in Soybeans with PREs (2008) - Macon Co.NTCKIH-485 85WG @ 4.2 oz/ASB-05-0848 DAT
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Under Utilized Modes of ActionHPPD-inhibitorsMesiotrione (Callisto)Tembotrione (Laudis)Topramezone (Impact)
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Halex GT in Field Corn - 2008UntreatedCN-05-086/19/200883 DAPHalex GT 4.39L4 pt/A + NIS(POST)
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Dont forget!!! There are no steel resistant weeds!!!
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We are overusing the PPO inhibiting herbicides!!!!!!!!Resistance has already been reported in other areas!!!
Common waterhemp2001 (Kansas)2002 (Illinois)2003 (Missouri)
Common ragweed2005 (Delaware)
Wild poinsettia2004 (Brazil)
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For More Weed Science Info:www.gaweed.com
229-386-3328 (office)
229-392-1034 (cell)