Literature Review

What to include

Research Process

• Begins with a question

• Gather a bibliography

• Literature review

• Narrow your question

• Design methodology

• Gather data

• Draw conclusions

Literature Review

• Included in all research

• Logic behind your research

• Describes previous documents/research

• Culminates in a formal statement of research question(s)

Clarity of Lit Review

• Do I understand what you are saying?

• Have you clearly articulated the area of research you are interested in?

• Have you demonstrated an understanding of previous research?

Organization of ideas

• Does your review follow a logical train of thought?

• Does NOT have to be chronological!

• Does Have to tie together!

Grammatically Correct

• Are full sentences used?

• Is there subject / verb agreement?

• Appropriate transitions?

• Correct spelling?

Research Question(s)

• Last part of lit review.

• Is in SUCCINCT?

• Does it adequately relate to literature

review?

Example• Do individuals high in different

types of empathy (i.e.empathic concern and emotional contagion) choose different strategies to dissolve relationships?

Example

• What are the common themes that emerge as meaningful within the construction of fraternity drinking stories?

Youth Groups

• How do youths communicate about the loss of a peer?

• What strategies are used by counselors to help youths cope with the loss of a peer?

• How does a group memorialize members who have recently died?

• How is social support communicated to a youth group in a crisis?

Lit Review Format (APA)

• Costa(1999) stated that …• The study of relationships is futile (Bocek,

2007). • Dangelewicz(2006) stated “multivariate

relationships are the easiest to research” (p.69).

• “multivariate relationships are the easiest to research” (Reed,2002 p. 69).

Rule for APA Style

• If you use a quote, you MUST have

• Author

• Date

• Page #

Format (APA)

• Moreover, Carter(1999) stated that …• Similarly, the study of relationships is futile

(Bradner, 2000). • However, Green(2002) stated “multivariate

relationships are the easiest to research” (p.69).

• Therefore, “multivariate relationships are the easiest to research” (Lair,2002 p. 69).

Block Quotes

• A quote of 40 words or more follows the following rule:

• Smith( 2004) stated uoah hdupuh duao dufhaou aouha ouhahdah dufha;d asdhao[ r[y h ahaljh a ah a ajha alh ajh a;df adf hjajh jdha;kj hdjka jdha; jdh akjd’a nbx,nmx xb,xnb,x xn,xb, x,mvnb vnb (p.203)

– Indented and single spaced

More than two authors

• Six authors: ( 1st time you cite authors)

• Mokdad, Bowman, Vinicor, F., Marks,& Koplan, (2001) claimed that The continuing epidemics of obesity and diabetes in the U.S. is dramatic.

• After 1st time(Mokdad et al., 2001).

Example• Hookups are defined as a sexual

encounter between two people who are brief acquaintances or strangers, usually lasting only one night without the expectation of developing a relationship (Hermann, Webb, & Lum, 2006).

Example• Hermann, Webb, & Lum(2006)

defined hookups as a sexual encounter between two people who are brief acquaintances or strangers, usually lasting only one night without the expectation of developing a relationship.

Example (2 authors)• An increasing number of college

students engage in multiple relational and extra-relational sexual experiences (Duguay & Byrne, 1994; Niccolls & Mercadante, 1985)

Example (2 authors)• Duguay & Byrne (1994) and Niccolls

& Mercadante (1985) found that an increasing number of college students engage in multiple relational and extra-relational sexual experiences.

Example (3 authors)

• Contemporary college students use the term “hookup” to refer to casual sexual phenomenon common on college campuses today ( Paul, McManus, & Hayes, 2000; Rodberg, 1999).

Example (3 authors)2nd time cited

p. 640 1st paragraph, 10• A hookup herein as a sexual

encounter (that may or may not involve sexual intercourse) between two people who are brief acquaintances or strangers, usually lasting only one night without the expectation of developing a relationship (Paul et al., 2000).

Example (3 authors)2nd time cited

p. 640 1st paragraph, 10• ).

Title in the lit review?

Burgoon and Alexandra Hendrik’s article “The Relationship between Fashion Magazine Consumption and Body Satisfaction in Women: Who is most at risk of influence,” individuals have some type of controlled set of thoughts and feelings about their selves, called the “self- concept.” The self concept develops when individuals need to distinguish themselves from others and create unique characteristics and traits that evolves through social experiences and comparisons (Burgoon, Michael and Hendriks, Alexandra).

Lit Review Evaluation

10 = Spectacular 9 = Very Good 8 = Good 7 = fair / average 6 = below average

Clarity of Lit Review 6 7 8 9 10 Organization of ideas 6 7 8 9 10 Grammatically correct 6 7 8 9 10 Research question 6 7 8 9 10 APA style 6 7 8 9 10 Total points: