literature review in research

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Page 1: Literature review in research

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Page 3: Literature review in research

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! "#$%&'#( ')%*$'+%) '*,&%#-%- $.% #" /*$ ! &%#)'*0 $.% &%-%#&,.%& .#- $ ) 1 2* #))'$' *3 &%#)'*0 "#$%&'#(- #,& -- -%4%&#( )'-,'5('*%- ,#* 6% )'!+,/($6%,#/-% ! $.% )'!!%&%*$ -$7(%- '* 8.',. 4#&' /- )'-,'5('*%- 5&%-%*$ ')%#-19(- 3 $.% 4 ,#6/(#&'%- ! )'!!%&%*$ -/6:%,$- #*) 8.#$ #&% $#;%* $ 6% $.%, &%3 &%-%#&,.#6(% 5& 6(%"- ! & # 5#&$',/(#& )'-,'5('*% , *-$'$/$% !/&$.%&)'!+,/($'%-1 < & %=#"5(%3 $.% -$/)%*$ ! "#*#0%"%*$ "#7 6% $ $#((7/*!#"'('#& 8'$. $.% 4%&6 -% #*) -%%"'*0(7 , "" *-%*-% -$7(% !3 -#73- ,' ( 071 > *4%&-%(73 $.%7 "#7 +*) $.% 0 '*0 (%-- )'!+,/($ '! !#,%) 8'$.#)4#*,%) - ,'#( -$#$'-$',-1 ?.% &%-/($ "#7 6% $.% )'-"'--#( ! $.% 4%&6 -%-$7(% #*) #)"'&#$' * ! $.% */"%&',#( ! &"/(#%1 ?.% #,,%5$#*,% ! *%-$7(% 4%& #* $.%& '- !$%* )/% $ )'-,'5('*#&7 , "5#&$"%*$#('@#$' *1A#*#0%"%*$ -$/)%*$- "'0.$ 6% %=5%,$%) $ 6% " &% !#"'('#& 8'$. -$#$'-$',-$.#* 8'$. - ,'#( $.% &'%-1 ?.%7 "'0.$ #(- .#4% # " &% 5&#0"#$', #$$'$/)%3'*B/%*,'*0 $.%" $ !#4 /& ,(#&'$7 #*) -/,,'*,$*%--1 9- # , *-%C/%*,%35 $%*$'#((7 '*$%&%-$'*0 #*) &%(%4#*$ ')%#- "'0.$ 6% "'--%)1D/& )'-,/--' * - !#& .#- 6%%* #6 /$ $.% ;'*)- ! #--/"5$' *- $.#$"'0.$ .%(5 4%&, "% )'-,'5('*#&7 , "5#&$"%*$#('@#$' * #*) - %*, /&#0%,& --E)'-,'5('*#&7 /*)%&-$#*)'*01 2* 5&#,$',%3 $.'- #))&%--%- $8 "#'*!%#$/&%- ! #,#)%"', &%-%#&,.F *% '- $.% ,%*$&#( 5(#,% #&0/"%*$ .#- '*#,#)%"', 8 &;3 #*) $.% $.%& '- $.% *%%) $ 6% 5%*E"'*)%) 8.%* &%#)'*0$.% 8 &; ! $.%& 5% 5(%1 G% ( ; " &% ,( -%(7 * 8 #$ %#,. ! $.%-% '*$/&*1 !""#$%&'(%$) *!#+ '+)#",$(A -$ #/$. &- #$$%"5$ $ "#;% $.%'& 8&'$'*0 ,(%#&3 , *-'-$%*$ #*) , .%&%*$ H- "%$.'*0 4%&7 )'!+,/($ $ #,.'%4% '* #*7 8 &;3 8.#$%4%& '$- (%*0$. &$ 5',1 I%4%&$.%(%--3 ,(#&'$73 , *-'-$%*,7 #*) , .%&%*,% #&% %--%*$'#(3 6%,#/-%8'$. /$ $.%" # 8 &; ,#* 6% /*'*$%(('0'6(%1 9- # , *-%C/%*,% $.% 8 &;"'0.$ 6% "'-/*)%&-$ )3 )'-"'--%) & /-%) '* 8#7- * $ '*$%*)%) 67 $.%#/$. &1 A -$ '"5 &$#*$3 $.% "#'* ')%#3 * "#$$%& . 8 '*$%&%-$'*03 "'0.$ 6%( -$1 > *4%&-%(73 8.#$ -%%"- ,(%#& #*) , .%&%*$ $ $.% 8&'$%& ,#* 6% /$$%&(7'*, "5&%.%*-'6(% $ $.% &%#)%&1 J*!#"'('#&'$7 8'$. $.% -$7(%3 5&%-%*$#$' * &(#*0/#0% /-% '- *%#&(7 #(8#7- # ,#/-% ! !&/-$&#$' * $ $.% &%#)%&1G% *%%) $ #,;* 8(%)0% $.#$ %!! &$ '- &%C/'&%) #*) $ #,,%5$ $.#$ ,(#&'$73, *-'-$%*,7 #*) , .%&%*,% #&% * $ "7-$%&' /- C/#('$'%- #6(% $ 6% 5&#,$',%) *(7 67 $.% !%81 ?.%-% ,#* 6% #,.'%4%) $.& /0. %=5(','$ %=5&%--' * '*8&'$'*0 #*) %=5(','$ , ""'$"%*$ '* &%#)'*01 9 5& 6(%" ! & $.% #,#)%"',#/$. &3 . 8%4%&3 '- $.% $'"% $.#$ &%#)%&- #(( ,#$% $ $.%'& &%#)'*0 #*) $.%(%4%( ! %!! &$ $.%7 #&% 8'(('*0 $ '*4%-$ '* &)%& $ 0&#-5 $.% ')%#- '* # $%=$19$ $.% -#"% $'"%3 - "% #/$. &- -%%" $ *%0(%,$ $.% *%%)- ! $.%'& 5 $%*$'#(&%#)%&- #*) "#*#0% $ "#;% &%(#$'4%(7 -'"5(% ')%#- , *!/-'*012* $%&"- ! &%4'%8'*0 # 6 )7 ! ('$%&#$/&% H "#)% /5 ! ) @%*- !#&$',(%-3 , *!%&%*,% 5#5%&- #*) " * 0&#5.- H *% 5& 6(%" '- )'4%&-'$71?%=$- 8.',. &'0'*#$% !& " -%4%&#( )'-,'5('*%- #*) 8.',. .#4% 6%%*8&'$$%* '* )'!!%&%*$ -$7(%- %*0%*)%& $.% *%%) ! & # B%='6(% #*) 5%*E

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these questions increased our

understanding and knowledge?

What are the key sources?What are the key theories,

concepts and ideas?

What are the major

issues and debates about

the topic?

What are the epistemological

and ontological grounds for

the discipline?

Literature search and review on your topic

What are the

political standpoints?

What are the main questions

and problems that have been

addressed to date?

What are the origins and

definitions of the topic?

How is knowledge on the topic

structured and organized?

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Page 19: Literature review in research

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