MUSMUSiCiC

What is Music?Music?* The word derives from Greek word,

MousikeMousike which means "art of the Muses".art of the Muses".

* Music is an artart form whose medium is

sound and silence.

* Music may be played and heard live,

may be part of a dramatic work or film,

or may be recorded.

. Ancient Greek and Indian philosophers

defined music as

tones ordered horizontally as

melodies and vertically as harmonies.

20th-century composer

John Cage thought that

any sound can be music,

saying, for example,

"There is no noise, only sound.

Musical Notation

Notation – system of signs by means of which music is written down

which indicate pitch and duration.

Notation of PitchNotation of Pitch

Staff (Staves/Staffs) – a five-horizontal line with 4 equal spaces in which musical notation is written

Clef

– a letter sign placed on the staff to indicate the pitch of notes,

either G (treble) , C, or F (bass)

Octave – the distance between two notes of the same letter

(eg. From C to the next C note)

Notation of Duration (Note Values)Note and Rest

– each has correspondence with each other, each further divided into two

Triplet Groups

– note values are divided into three

Meter

– series of regular pulses, also grouping pulses indicated by time signatures

Time signatures

– include the number of beats indicated by a bar in the staff, like 3/4, 2/2, 4/4, and 9/8

Bar and double bars

– bars indicate the time signature while double bars indicate the end of composition

Other symbols

– include crescendo mark, decrescendo mark, fermata, legato, and staccato

SoundSoundOrganization of Music

– the “composition” of music.

Appreciation of Music

– the acquired ability to listen to music

intelligently, which depends on the familiarity

of the style used.

ToneTone – sound produced by regular

vibrations of air

Components of MusicPitch

– highness or lowness of a sound

Duration

– length of time of vibration

Intensity

– loudness or softness of a sound

Timbre

– quality of music (also called tone color)

(eg. different sound of a violin from a flute)

Folk Music Folk Music

and and

Art Songs Art Songs

Folk Music Folk Music – spontaneous and traditional music of a certain

race or group, generally passed down orally from one

generation to another, expressing the feelings typical

of the people from which it originated and reflecting

the spirit of the time (eg. work, love, drinking, cradle,

patriotic, dance, and narrative songs).

Art Song Art Song – usually composed with a piano accompaniment

and is the work of musically trained composers,

making the music of his song fit the words chosen,

partly determined by

its poetic structure written in stanzas or strophes

JazzJazz

MusicMusic

Jazz Music – exciting form of music where melody and rhythm

blend harmoniously, the rhythmic background and syncopation (accent,

stress) being strong, began in the United States in the year 1900

- played by Negroes who had been brought from Africa to

America as slaves, thus has common traits with African music

Traditional Jazz Band – includes trumpet, clarinet, and trombone

(for melody) and double bass, drums, and banjo (for rhythm),

played from about 1910

Modern Jazz – began to develop in 1940s, and a band may use trumpet,

saxophone, piano, double bass, and drums

– – a musical drama, combining the resources ofa musical drama, combining the resources of

vocal and instrumental music, soloists, ensembles,vocal and instrumental music, soloists, ensembles,

chorus, orchestra, and ballet, with poetry and drama,chorus, orchestra, and ballet, with poetry and drama,

acting and pantomime, and costumes and sceneryacting and pantomime, and costumes and scenery

Libretto Libretto – the text of an opera– the text of an opera

Overture Overture – introduction music to opera– introduction music to opera

OperaOpera

a dramatic religious work on a non-a dramatic religious work on a non-liturgicalliturgical

intent, employing operative forms intent, employing operative forms

performedperformed

without staging, costuming or without staging, costuming or

scenery, scenery,

the subject usually biblical and the subject usually biblical and

story told by a story told by a

narratornarrator in a recitative style. in a recitative style.

OratorioOratorio

? M us ica l th era py – prescribed use of m us ic to produce pos itive ch a n ges in th e psych ologica l, ph ys ica l, cogn itive, or socia l fun ction in g of a n in dividua l w ith h ea lth or educa tion a l problem s , con s is tin g of s in gin g, body m ovem en t, a n d lis ten in g, a n d des ign ed to in crea se con cen tra tion , m em ory reten tion , con ceptua l developm en t, rh yth m ic beh a vior, m ovem en t beh a vior, verba l or n on verba l reten tion , a n d a uditory discrim in a tion

DanceDance

- a successive group of bodily movement rhythmically performed in timing with music- provides fun, relaxation, and companionship (eg. Rigodon de Honor, gave pioneer families welcome chance to socialize)

Kinds of DancingEthnologic Dance – native to a specific race or ethnic group, which includes folk dances and religious rituals (eg. Tinikling, Alcamfor, Banga, Sayaw sa Bangko, Pandango sa Ilaw, Cariñosa, and Sakuting)

Folk Dance - characterizes a particular region, typically reflecting the people's lifestyle

Social or Ballroom Dance- popular type of dancing performed by pairs such as the waltz, foxtrot, swing, boogie, tango, and the latest rock dances, and performed to the music of live bands in a ballroom or to recorded music in night clubs called discotheques or disco

Theatrical or Spectacular Dance – performed for the entertainment of spectators, which includes ballet, modern dance, musical comedy dances, and tap dance

Modern Dance (also contemporary or interpretative dance) – represent rebellion against the classical formation of ballet emphasizing on personal communication of moods and themes