literary time fbhdbfhpowerpoint

8/9/2019 Literary Time fbhdbfhPowerpoint

1/27

American Literary

Timeline

Colonial Period

Age of Reason

Romanticism

Transcendentalism

Anti-Transcendentalism

Realism

Naturalism

Regionalism

Modernism

Contemporary


2/27

Colonial Period

Early America-1776Tis period !as at te "ery #eginnings of

America and it made !ay for te rest of te countries

literature$ %n te first stages of America tere !ere !riters&

suc as Tomas 'ariot& !o !rote A (rief and True

Report of te Ne!-)ound Land of *irginia in 1+,, in!ic e descri#ed .Te Americas/ in !ords and picture$

Te #oo0 !as uic0ly translated into Latin& )renc& and

2erman it !as a !indo! for te 3ld 4orld to see an

em#ellised "ersion of te Ne! 4orld$

3ters tat dominated tis era !ere te Puritans

!ose definition of good !riting !as !riting tat #rougt

ome a full a!areness of te importance of !orsipping

2od and of te spiritual dangers tat te soul faced on

Eart& and te literature tat !as produced #y te Puritans

reflected tis$

Autors

of te

ColonialPeriod

Edward Taylor

John Woolman

Anne Bradstreet

William Bradford


3/27

Age of Reason

Late 1775s to Early 1,55sTis period !as a time !en autors !ere

focused more on teir o!n reasoning rater tan

simply ta0ing !at te curc taugt as fact$

uring tis period tere !as also culti"ation of

patriotism$ Te main medium during tat period

!ere political pamplets& essays& tra"el !ritings&

speeces& and documents$

Also during tis period many reforms !ere

eiter made or reuested& for instance during tis

time teDeclaration of Independence!as !ritten$

Autors

of te

Age ofReason

Abigail Adams

Benjamin Franklin

Thomas Jefferson

Thomas Paine


4/27

Romanticism

1,55-1,+5After the Age of Reason came to an end,

the people of America were tired of reality; they

wanted to see life as more than it was. This was the

Era of Romantics. The main medium that presented

itself at that time were short stories, poems, andnovels. During this era, as appose to the Age of

Reason the imagination dominated; intuition ruled

over fact, and there was a large emphasis on the

individualcommon man, and on nature or the natural

world.

!othic literature was also introduced at this

time, which is a su"#genre of Romanticism, this genre

included stories a"out characters that had "oth good

and evil traits. !othic literature also incorporated to

use of supernatural elements.

Autors of

te

Romanticism

Washington Irving

Nathaniel awthorne

Edgar Allen Poe

erman !elville


5/27

Transcendentalism

1,5-1,++

Tis mo"ement pused America from te

ela#orate and fantasy li0e !ritings displayed in te

period Romanticism& into a period of literature tat

stressed indi"idualism& and mature and self-reliance$

3ften Transcendentalists used nature to gain

0no!ledge or to return to a life of self-reliance and

indi"idulaism$ %t also stressed te fundamental idea

of a unity #et!een 2od and te !orld& tat eac

person !as a microcosm for te !orld$

8nli0e many European groups& te

Transcendentalists ne"er issued a manifesto$ Tey

insisted on te differences in eac indi"idual$

Autors of te

Transcendentalism"al#h Waldo Emerson

enry $avid Thorea%

Walt Whitman

&'arah( !argaret F%ller


6/27

Anti-Transcendentalism

1,5-1,++uring te same time period !en

Transcendentalism !as ta0ing place& it9s opposite&

Anti-Transcendentalism& !as also appening$ Asoppose to Transcendentalism& !ic focused on te

natural !orld and its relationsip to umanity& and

te uest for understanding of te uman spirit$

Anti- Transcendentalism focused on te limitations

of man0ind& and its potential destructi"eness of te

uman spirit$ )or instance& !ater #rings life& #utit9s e:cess& i$e$ a flood& can #ring deat and

destruction$ ;Notice o! tey sometimes use

nature in teir !ritings to reflect !at goes in !it

umans$ E:ample< =carlet Letter and te forest >

reflect Pearl9s !ild nature only place 'ester and

immesdale can #e free& etc$?

Autors of te

Anti-Transcendentalismerman !elville

Nathaniel awthorne


7/27

Realism

1,6+-1@1+This literary movement too$ place during

the %ivil &ar; at a time when a war was ta$ing place

people were tired of Transcendentalism and Anti#Transcendentalism, for one thing they were "oth

e'tremes of the same spectrum, one was nice and

happy, and frilly; the other was dar$ and

destructive. (eople wanted to see things how they

were, so Realism came a"out.

Realism also came a"out as a reaction toRomanticism, in which there were heroic characters,

and adventures, with strange and unfamiliar settings.

)n response Realism authors tried to write truthfully

and o"*ectively a"out ordinary characters in ordinary

situations.

Autors of te

Realism!ark Twain &'am%el )lemens(

Bret arte

'arah *rne Jewett

James enry


8/27

Naturalism

1,6+-1@1+Te Naturalism literary mo"ement tat too0

place in te late nineteent and early t!entiet century&

tended to "ie! people as apless "ictims of immuta#le

natural la!s$ Naturalism is closely related to Realism

only it usually "ie!s te !orld in a dar0er perspecti"e$

%n Naturalism it is !idely so!n tat free !ill is an

illusion tat tings tat appen in te uni"erse& appen

and could not appen any oter !ay$

Also a defining caracteristic of Naturalism istat it9s caracters li"es are saped #y forces tey cannot

control$

Autors of te

Naturalism'te#hen )rane

Ja+k ,ondon

Theodore $reiser

Frank Norris


9/27

Regionalism

1,6+-1@1+

Regionalism was a literary movement in

which authors would write a story a"out specific

geographical areas. +y writing a"out regions the

authors e'plore the culture of that area; includingits languages, customs, "eliefs, and history.

&riter in this time tried, not only, to

show the region they wrote a"out to their readers,

"ut they also made an attempt at a sophisticated

sociological or anthropological treatment of the

culture of the region.

Autors of te

RegionalismWilla )ather

William Fa%lkner

-ate )ho#in

Frank Norris


10/27

Modernism

1@1+-1@6Tis type of !riting is one of te most

e:perimental types$ Modernist autorsused of

fragments& stream of consciousness& and interior

dialogue$ Te main ting tat autors !eretrying to acie"e !it Modernism !as a uniue

style& one tat tey could stand out for& and #e

0no!n for$

uring tis period Tecnology !as

ta0ing incredi#le leaps and t!o 4orld 4ars too0

place& tere !as destruction of a glo#al scale$

Te younger generation #egan to ta0e o"er te

main stage$

Autors of te

ModernismErnest emingway

F. '+ott Fit/gerald

John 'teinbe+k

"obert Frost


11/27

ContemporaryContemporary

1@6-present1@6-present%n te years since te Modernism period&

American autors a"e #egun to !rite from a

pletora of genres$ Americans a"e realied tat te#est !ay to go is a"e many autors !riting !at

e"er it is tey are #est at$ Tat9s e:actly !at as

appened& tere are more different types of !riting

#eing done at one time tan at any oter period in

istory )antasy& fiction& science fiction& orror&

Political !ritings& romantics& plays& and poems&anyting and e"eryting$

Autors of te

ContemporaryJ. $. 'alinger

'te#hen -ing

Joy+e )arol *ates

"obert Jordan


12/27

Benjamin Franklin;1756-17@5?

B )ran0lin is !ell 0no!n!orld!ide for isdisco"eries in te !orld of

science and also for !or0stat e contri#uted to& sucas the Declaration of

Independence& and isteories on electricity$ 'is!or0s !ere all ne! ideastings people ne"er tougtof #efore #ecause teyal!ays too0 !at tey got asfact$

Age of Reason


13/27

Thomas Jefferson;17-1,D6?

B efferson is #ets 0no! for!riting teDeclaration of

Independence& te

document came a#out as aresponse to tese times&

people !ere tin0ing fortemsel"es& and one of temaFor ting te Americans

disco"ered !as tat teydidn9t need England$ =oefferson !rote te of %to formally state tat$

Age of Reason


14/27

Thomas Paine;177-1,5@?

B Paine !rote mostlypamplets tat !ould spurideas and immediate

action$ %n te documentGTe American Crisis&GPaine !rote a#out teoppression tat Americasuffered from (ritain& and

propelled America into a!ar !it (ritain$ Paine&to tis day& is !ell 0no!nfor is propaganda$

Age of Reason


15/27

Washington Irving;17,@-1,+1?

B %r"ing !as te first

.famous/ American

autor e9s also 0no!n as

te .)ater of AmericanLiterature$/ 'e !rote

tra"el #oo0s& sort stories&

and satires$ =ome of is

!or0s include Legend of=leepy 'ollo!& Rip *an

4in0le& and e"il and

Tom 4al0er$

Romanticism


16/27

Edgar Allen Poe;1,5@-1,@?

B Poe ad a #ad cildood tatmade im despise te !orld&and is !or0s reflected is!or0$ 'e is credited forcreating te modern sortstory& and te detecti"e story$'e also callenged t!o long-standing teories& one& a poemad to #e long& and t!o& a

poem ad to teac yousometing$ =ome of is !or0sinclude& GTe Ra"enG& G(ellsG&

GAnna#el LeeG& and Gream$G

Romanticism


17/27

erman !elville;1,1@-1,@1?

B %n is time Mel"ille!as not entirelyrecognied& o!e"er&in te more recentyears e as #eenconsidered one of temost top rated no"elistof all time$ 'e is most!ell 0no!n for isepic no"el Mo#y ic0$

Romanticism Anti-Transcendentalism


18/27

"al#h Waldo Emerson

;1,5-1,,D?B Emerson ad a strong

sense of a religious

mission toug e !as

accused of su#"ertingCristianity$ 'e left te

curc saying& .to #e a

good minister& it !as

necessary to lea"e tecurc$/ =ome of is

mayor !or0s include

Nature& pu#lised in 1,6$

Transcendentalism


19/27

Walt Whitman;1,1@-1,@D?

B 4iteman !as #orn on Long%sland& and !as& for most of is

Fo# life& a carpenter e !as aman of te people$ Most of is

learning career !as done on iso!n& after e left scool te ageof ele"en$ 'is maFor !or0 !asentitled 'is Lea"es of 2rass&

pu#lised in 1,++ o"er te yearse made many re!rites for tis

#oo0$ =ome of is famous poemsare& GCrossing (roo0lyn )erry&GG3ut of te Cradle EndlesslyRoc0ing&G and G4en Lilacs Lastin te ooryard (loomHd$G

Transcendentalism


20/27

Nathaniel awthorne

;1,5-1,6?B 'a!torne !as a Puritan

!o utilied is !ritings

to e:press is dar0& and

gloomy outloo0 on life$=ome of is !or0s

include T!ice Told Tales&

pu#lised in 1,7 Te

=carlet Letter& pu#lised in1,+5 and Te 'ouse of

te =e"en 2a#les&

pu#lised in 1,+1$

Anti-Transcendentalism Romanticism


21/27

!ark Twain &'am%el )lemens(

;1,+-1@15?B T!ain is 0no! #y many as

te greatest Americanumorist and one of our

greatest no"elists$ 'e !as0no!n for using "ernacular&e:aggeration& and deadpannarrator to create umor$T!ain !rote many greatno"els including& teAd"entures of Tom =a!yer&

pu#lised in 1,76 and TePrince and te Pauper&

pu#lised in 1,,1$

Realism


22/27

James enry ;1,-1@16 ?

B 'is fater !as an importantteorist and lecturer& and isolder #roter !as a famousAmerican pilosoper& 4illiamames$ 'e attended 'ar"ardCollege$ 'is early storiesdepict te leisurely life of te!ell-to-do$ %n is time e!rote many sort stories

including .Te =ort =tory ofa Iear&/ pu#lised in 1,6+.2a#rielle de (ergerac&/pu#lised in 1,6@ and.2uestHs Confession$/

Realism


23/27

'te#hen )rane;1,71-1@55?

B Crane9s !riting !as 0no!n forattac0ing patriotism&indi"idualism& and organiedreligion it also confronted te

meaninglessness of te !orld$'is !or0 !as also "ery !ell0no!n for its imagery andsym#olism$ Te !or0 e is mostfamous for Red (adge ofCourage& !ic !as set in te

Ci"il 4ar$ =ome of is oter!or0s include Te 3pen (oat&pu#lised in 1,@ .An Episodeof 4ar&/ originally pu#lised in1,@5$

Naturalism


24/27

Ja+k ,ondon;1,76-1@16?

B London !as #orn in =an)rancisco& California e li"ed aard life& s!itcing from Fo# to

Fo# for !ate"er money e could

get& after is fater a#andonedim at a young age$ 'e is one ofte most igly acclaimed !ritersof all time is stories of life anddeat struggles are "i"id andengaging$ =ome of is !or0s

include Te Call of te 4ild&pu#lised in 1@5 4ite )ang&pu#lised in 1@56 .Lost )ace&/pu#lised in 1@15 and .TeNigt (orn&/ pu#lised in 1@1$

Naturalism


25/27

Ernest emingway;1,@@-1@61?

B 'eming!ay !on a Puliter

Prie and No#le Peace Price for

Literature$ 'e used concise&

direct& spare& o#Fecti"e& precise&rytmic !riting styles to

create larger tan life eroes&

#ig game unters& etc$ =ome of

is !or0s include Te =un

Also Rises& pu#lised in 1@DD

A )are!ell To Arms pu#lised

in 1@D@ )or 4om te (ell

Tolls& pu#lised in 1@5$

Modernism


26/27

F. '+ott Fit/gerald;1,@6-1@5?

B )itgerald !rote a#out tetimes$ %n is no"el Te 2reat2ats#y& pu#lised in 1@D+&

e !rote a#out te roaringt!enties& a time !en no onecared a#out te future andtey ad fun !it !at teyad ten$ =ome of is oter!or0s include Te =ide ofParadise& pu#lised in 1@D5and Te (eautiful and teamned& pu#lised in 1@DD$

Modernism


27/27

John 'teinbe+k;1@5D-1@6,?

B =tein#ec0 !rote a#out te #otte pains and Foys of life$ Te2rapes of 4rait& pu#lised in1@@& is most !ell 0no!n !or0

told te story of families ring tosur"i"e and stay togeter duringte depression$ %n oter !or0sli0e Tortilla )lat& pu#lised in1@+& =tein#ec0 !rote a#out te

Foys of life$ =ome of is oter

!or0s include East of Eden&pu#lised in 1@+D 3f Mice andMen& pu#lised in 1@7 andTe Pearl& pu#lised in 1@7$

Modernism

literary time fbhdbfhpowerpoint

Documents