listening and speaking reading grammar writing culture express content

Listening and speaking

Reading

Grammar

Writing

Culture express

Content

Pronunciation and listening skills

Conversations

Passage

Listening and speaking


Read the following sentences after the recording. Pay attention to the pronunciation of the underlined words.

Tips英语中有一些常用的单音节词有强读和弱读两种形式的读音。如： from 的强读形式为 /frɔm/ ，弱读形式为 /frəm/ ； as 的强读形式为 /æz/ ，弱读形式为 /əz/ 。在连贯的语句中，这些词一般会被弱读。


Read the following sentences after the recording. Pay attention to the pronunciation of the underlined words.

1 He told us a story.2 It’s a fine day but rather cold.3 Let’s have some ham and eggs.4 I learned it from the book.5 He is as old as you.6 I wrote him a letter.7 He got a lot of money from his uncle.8 Have you had some bread?

Tips

Listening for weak forms of certain words英语语音的一个显著特点是许多单音节词具有两种不同的发音：一种是重读时的发音，称强读式；另一种是在非重读时的发音，称弱读式。

Listening for weak forms of certain words

如： us /ʌs/ /əs/ but /bʌt/ /bət/ and /ænd/ /ənd/ from /frɔm/ /frəm/ as /æz/ /əz/ him /hɪm/ /ɪm/ of /ɔv/ /əv/ some /sʌm/ /səm/ a /eɪ/ /ə/ an /æn/ /ən/

Conversations

Conversation 1

Conversation 2

Functional language

Exercises

Exercises

Functional language

1.1. Listen to a conversation and complete the following sentences with what you hear.

Word tipsbadminton n. 羽毛球（运动）Lee Chongwei 李宗伟（马来西亚羽毛球运动员）beat v. 打败；战胜Grand Slam 大满贯；全胜too close to call 势均力敌It’s a deal! 成交！

Conversation 1 Conversation 1 – Asking about certainty– Asking about certainty

1.1. Listen to a conversation and complete the following sentences with what you hear.

1 I think it will be Dan. He is now the world’s ____________.

2 Are you sure he will beat Lee? I think it’s ____________.


3 But, you know, Lee is also a great player. I think it’s _______________.

4 Anyway, I’m ____________ Dan will win.

top player

hard to say

too close to call

pretty sure

2.2. Listen again and choose the best way to complete each of the following sentences.


1 There will be a match between Super Dan and Lee Chongwei ______.

✔✔

✔✔A tomorrow night B tonight C on Tuesday night

2 Lin Dan is the only player in badminton history to have won all ______ major titles.

A seven B eight C nine



3 The man and the woman agree to bet ____ on the result of the match.

✔✔A 100 yuan B 200 yuan C 300 yuan

Scripts


Man: Do you know Super Dan?Woman: You mean Lin Dan on the Chinese badminton

team? Man: Yeah.Woman: Of course, I love watching him play.Man: There’s a match between Super Dan and Lee

Chongwei from Malaysia tonight.Woman: Wow, really? It’s going to be an exciting match!Man: Yeah. Any idea who might win?Woman: I think it will be Dan. He is now the world’s top

player.

Scripts


Man: Are you sure he will beat Lee? I think it’s hard to say.

Woman: Dan is sure to win. He is the only player in badminton history to complete the super Grand Slam. That means he has won all nine major titles in world badminton competitions.

Man: But, you know, Lee is also a great player. I think it’s too close to call.

Woman: Anyway, I’m pretty sure Dan will win. I bet you 100 yuan, OK?

Man: OK. It’s a deal!

3.3. Role-play a conversation in pairs according to one of the following situations. You may refer to the Functional Language.Situation 1A and B are discussing who will be elected new president of the Students’ Union.

Situation 2A and B are watching a tennis match and discussing who will be the winner, Federer or Nadal.

(Sample) (Sample)


GUIDED CONVERSATION

A: Ask B’s opinion about who will be elected new president of the Students’ Union / who will be the winner, Federer or Nadal.

B: Make a prediction.A: Ask why B thinks so.B: Give your reason.A: Show your uncertainty about that.B: Say you are sure about your prediction.

Role play - Sample conversation

Situation 1


Carol: Hi Andy, did you see the information about Jack and Steven, the two candidates for president of the Students’ Union on the bulletin board?

Andy: Yeah, I just saw it this morning.Carol: Who do you think will be elected new president?Andy: I think Jack has a great chance of winning the

election.Carol: Why do you think so?Andy: Jack is a very organized person. He is also very

passionate about making students’ life more colorful.

John: Are you sure he will win? I think it’s hard to say. Steven is also very popular with the students.

Andy: Anyway, I’m pretty sure Jack will win.


Situation 2


Sam: So who do you think will be the winner, Federer or Nadal?

Ken: I think it will be Nadal.Sam: What makes you think that he will win?Ken: Nadal has won 13 of their 15 encounters on

clay courts till Jan., 2014. Besides, his success on clay has earned him the nickname the “King of Clay.”

Sam: I’m not certain about who will be the winner. Federer seems to be in good form today. It’s hard to say for the time being.

Ken: I’m quite sure that Nadal will win this match. He usually plays well when he meets Federer.

Functional Language


Asking About Certainty Expressing Certainty/ Uncertainty

Are you sure / certain that…? I’m pretty sure.Is it certain that…? I’m (not) certain / sure of /

about…Can the news be true that…? I can’t be certain / sure of /

about…It’s hard to say.

1.1. Listen to a conversation and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).

Word tipsvisa n. 签证application n. 申请书 ; 申请financial status 经济状况grant v. 给予 ;准予embassy n. 大使馆


F

F

T

1 Lisa has applied for her visa to go study in Britain.

2 Lisa is certain that she will get the visa.

3 Lisa has presented all the required documents, including those relating to her financial status and her education.

T 4 The man wishes Lisa good luck.



1 Lisa has handed in her application form ______ ago, and she’s going for an interview ______.

✔✔

A two weeks, this weekB three weeks, next weekC two weeks, next week



✔✔2 Lisa is applying for a ______.

A tourist visa B student visa C work visa

3 Lisa is not confident about getting the visa because _____.

A her documents are not well-preparedB she was asked to wait for a long timeC the embassy is very strict about the student visa✔✔

ScriptsConversation 2 Conversation 2 – Asking about certainty– Asking about certainty

Joe: Is it true that Lisa has applied for her visa to go study in the United States?

Jenny: Yes, she handed in her application form two weeks ago, and she’s going for an interview next week.

Joe: I heard it’s very difficult to get a visa to the United States.

Jenny: To some extent, it is. The application process is quite complicated.

Joe: Any idea whether Lisa will get the visa?Jenny: It’s hard to say. She has presented all the required

documents. But it will take some time to review them before the interview.

ScriptsConversation 2 Conversation 2 – Asking about certainty– Asking about certainty

Joe: What kind of documents did she present?Jenny: Those relating to her financial status and of course

her education, because she’s applying for a student visa.

Joe: Is she confident that her application will be granted?Jenny: She is not certain of it. The embassy is very strict

about the student visa.Joe: Well, good luck to her. She has always dreamed of

studying abroad.

3.3. Role-play a conversation in pairs according to one of the following situations. You may refer to the Functional Language.

Situation 1A is worrying about his / her CET-4 exam. B tells him / her to take it easy.

Situation 2A is worrying about whether he /she can pass the piano test. B tells him / her to have confidence.

(Sample) (Sample)


3.3. Role-play a conversation in pairs according to one of the following situations. You may refer to the Functional Language.GUIDED CONVERSATION

A: Say you are worried about the result of the CET-4 exam / the piano test.

B: Ask A to take it easy.A: Say you are uncertain whether you can

pass it.B: Say A will pass the exam / piano test

without any doubt.A: Express your uncertainty again.B: Ask A to be confident.


Role play - Sample conversationSituation 1


Helen: Hi Kelly, what makes you look so concerned?Kelly: The result of the CET-4 exam is coming out

next Monday. I am very worried.Helen: Take it easy!Kelly: I didn’t do well in the listening part. I’m not sure

whether I can pass it.Helen: You will surely pass the exam. Your English is

so good.Kelly: It’s hard to say. I had no time to proofread my

writing.Helen: You should have confidence in yourself. I’m

sure that you will pass the exam.


Situation 2


Ann: Hi Sue. How was your piano test?Sue: I think I did pretty well. I happened to be very

familiar with the piece that I was asked to play in the test. How about you?

Ann: Well, to be frank, I am worried about the result of the piano test.

Sue: Take it easy.

Ann: I am not certain if I can pass it.Sue: You always work very hard in our daily practice.

You’ll pass the piano test without any doubt.Ann: But I was very nervous when I was playing.Sue: Don’t worry. You should be confident.

Functional Language


Asking About Certainty Expressing Certainty/ uncertainty

Are you sure / certain about that?

Sure enough.

Do you really think so? Yes, it’s clear to everyone.Is it true that…? I can / can’t say for certain /

sure.Maybe.

1.1. Listen to a passage and choose the best way to complete each of the following sentences.

Passage

Word tipsSir Ludwig Guttmann 路德维格 ·古特曼爵士（英国神经外科医生，残奥会创始人）veteran n. 退伍军人spinal adj. 脊柱的；脊髓的therapy n. 疗法；治疗the Paralympics n. 残奥会oblige v. 使（某人）负有义务elite adj. 精英的participant n. 参与者；参加者 dramatically adv. 巨大地


Passage

✔✔

1 The modern Paralympics were born in ______ in ______.

A Rome, 1948B Rome, 1960 C London, 1960


Passage

✔✔

2 Sir Ludwig Guttmann used sports as part of the ______ for his patients.A medical therapyB spiritual therapyC athletic therapy

A five B six C seven✔✔

3 Today, athletes from ______ different disability groups take part in the Paralympics.

2.2. Listen again and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).

Passage

F

T

T

1 Sir Ludwig Guttmann organized sports competitions in the U.S. for the World War II veterans with spinal injuries.

2 In 1948, the Olympics were held in London.

3 The Paralympics are usually hosted by the host city of the Olympics.

2.2. Listen again and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).

Passage

T

F

4 The Paralympics emphasize the participants’ athletic achievements instead of their individual disability.

5 The number of athletes participating in the Paralympics has increased from 600 in 1960 to over 4,000 in 2012.

Sir Ludwig Guttmann organized a sports competition for the World War II veterans with spinal injuries in the U.K. in 1948, the same year when the London Olympics were held. He wanted to use sports as part of the athletic therapy for his patients. Over the next decade, his care plan was adopted by many other spinal injury units and the competition grew.

In 1960, the Olympics were held in Rome, and Guttmann brought 400 wheelchair athletes to the Olympic city to compete. The modern Paralympics were born. Since then, the Paralympics have always been held in the same year as the Olympic Games, and the host city of the Olympic Games is obliged to also host the Paralympics.

ScriptsPassage

Today, the Paralympics are elite sports events for athletes from six different disability groups. They emphasize, however, the participants’ athletic achievements rather than their individual disability. The movement has grown dramatically since its first days. The number of athletes participating in the Paralympics has increased from 400 in 1960 to over 4,000 in 2012.

ScriptsPassage

3.3. Work in groups to make a brief introduction to a sports competition. Do some research before class if needed.

Passage

you can introduce the sports competition from the following aspects:

• when and how it started• its purpose• its development over recent years• famous athletes in this field


Passage

Tennis is a game played on a rectangular court, in which two (singles) or four (doubles) players use rackets to hit a ball back and forth over a net at the center of the court. The object is to hit the ball so that an opponent cannot reach or return it correctly.

The game, initially played indoors, originated from a 12th- to 13th-century French handball game called jeu de paume (“game of the palm”). In 1873, Major Walter Wingfield invented a game called Sphairistrike, from which modern outdoor tennis evolved.


Passage

The game caught on quickly in Great Britain and spread throughout the British Empire.

As a sport, tennis has its own well-known events. The Grand Slam tournaments are considered to be the most prestigious tennis tournaments in the world. They are held annually and include the Australian Open, the French Open, Wimbledon, and the US Open.


Passage

Like players of other individual sports such as golf, professional tennis players are not salaried, but must get high ranks in tournaments to make money. There are many famous male players including Roger Federer, Rafael Nadal, Novak Djokovic, and Andy Murray. Among the female players, Martina Navratilova is considered one of the greatest female tennis players of all time. Venus Williams, Steffi Graf, and Anna Kournikova are also top players.

Chinese tennis player Li Na won her first Grand Slam title in the 2011 French Open, thus becoming the first Asian player to win a slam.

Passage A

Passage B

Youth basketball: Ten life lessons to teach your team

One stray kick

Reading

Youth basketball: Ten life lessons to teach your team Lead-in

Text study

Exercises

Passage A

Lead-in

Video appreciation

Pre-reading questions

Passage A – Youth basketball

1. If you were a basketball coach, what would you teach your players besides basketball skills?

Pre-reading questionsWork in groups to discuss the following questions.

If I were a basketball coach, I would like to teach my players team spirit. Team spirit is the key to winning a game. All the players on a team should learn to cooperate with each other. Each player’s personality and talent are important for a team, but to win a tough game, all the excellent players on the team need to learn to cooperate.


Pre-reading questionsWork in groups to discuss the following questions.

2. If you were a basketball player, what would you expect to learn from your coach?

If I were a basketball player, what I expect to learn from my coach is how to win a game. It is easy to learn some basketball skills from the coach, but the winning strategies are more valuable for the basketball player. So, I hope my coach can teach me those.


Text study

Organization of the text

Language points

Text reading


Passage AYouth basketball: Ten life lessons to

teach your team

1. “None of this is really about football… What I hope we’re doing is sending kids into life who know that every day means something,” noted High School Football Coach of the Year Roger Barta.

2. Barta’s coaching philosophy has not only passed on a lot of wisdom to his players, but has also produced results on the field. His teams have won eight Kansas state championships.

____________

_________________________________________________

___________________________

Passage A

3. Youth sports provide a valuable vehicle for teaching life lessons. If you’re coaching a youth basketball team, you also have a wonderful opportunity to pass on some of your own wisdom to players. Look for opportunities throughout the season, during practices and games, to communicate important messages. Here are some samples for your consideration:

4. 1. Hard work leads to success. When an individual player or a team as a whole puts in extra work and the results pay off on the court, what better time is there to communicate this message?

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Passage A

5. 2. It’s important to take chances because that’s how we grow and get better. Players at all levels can quickly fall into a pattern of using only the skills that they’re most comfortable with. Younger players might only dribble with their strong hand. Therefore, encourage your players to take chances and reward their efforts even if the result is less than optimal.

______________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

Passage A

6. 3. “Inch by inch, life is a cinch; yard by yard, life is hard.” Challenges are easier when taken in bite-size chunks. By getting a little better every day, the process is more comfortable than if you try to make a drastic improvement in one practice. It’s a good message for players to remember: Try their best at every practice.

__________________________________________________

______________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

Passage A

7. 4. Winning and losing with grace. In basketball as in life, players will not always come out on the winning side. Learning how to deal with one’s emotions immediately after losing a close game is an important experience for players, even if it doesn’t feel too good at the time. Players can also learn how adjustments made in practice after losses can have a positive impact on future games.

________________________________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________ _______________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________

Passage A

8. 5. Don’t quit. Whenever your team comes from behind and secures a victory, take the opportunity to reinforce this important message: Never quit.

9. 6. The power and magic of teamwork—everyone makes a difference! The best team works together as a unit on offense and defense. It’s not all about scoring and rebounding—every player finds a way to contribute.

____________________________________ _______________________________________________ _____________________________________________

Passage A

10. 7. Getting along within a group. When you are working with a group, there’s usually going to be some people you get along with better than others. Maybe because of similar backgrounds or interests, players will make immediate connections with some and not with others. Basketball teams provide players opportunities to work together, even with those they may not necessarily like (at least at first).

________________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _________________________

Passage A

11. 8. Making good decisions. Recently a basketball expert said that when a player has the basketball, he’s frequently making about 10 to 15 decisions in his head every 20 seconds. For example, should I pass, dribble or shoot? If I pass, who to? What kind of pass? How hard? Should I fake first? What should I do if I pass? The game of basketball forces players to make decisions. Some players learn from what the coaches say, and for others, it takes actual experience.

____________________

_______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _________________________

Passage A

12. 9. Preparing for and meeting challenges. How do you get ready for your opponents? Do you prepare a written plan, put in extra effort, and make the most of your practice time? If a coach makes the connections, it’s easy for players to see that preparing for a tough, cross-town rival in basketball is similar to preparing for a tough math test. Both take a plan, extra effort, and commitment.

____________________ _____________________________________________ _________________________________________________ __________________________________________

Passage A

13. 10. Working within a system requires adjustments. Most coaches will have at least a general set of rules for how the team should conduct their play on the court. These rules, along with the rules for the game of basketball, constitute a system for the players. Through the course of the season, players learn how to adjust their style of play to the system.

14. Lessons learned well at a young age stay with the players for life. Take advantage of your opportunity to have a positive influence on your players’ lives. Because, it’s not really about basketball.

_______________________________________ ________________________________________________



Structure

Part I (Para. ______)

Part II (Para. ______)

Part III (Para. ______)

1-3

4-13

14

Introduction: Sports enable us to pass on a lot to the youth.

The body: Ten important lessons

Conclusion: Take advantage of these opportunities.


What I hope we’re doing is sending kids into life who know that every day means something,”

我希望我们正在做的就是让孩子们意识到每一天都要过得有意义。I hope

我相信中国早晚会赶上发达国家。China, I believe, will catch up with the developed countries sooner or later.

在这里为插入语。能作插入语的表达有： I am sure ， I believe ， I think ， I know ，I hope ， you see ， as we know ， that is to say 等。

(Line 1, Para. 1)



我希望我们正在做的就是让孩子们意识到每一天都要过得有意义。sending kids into life:

他最喜欢的业余爱好是读书。His favorite pastime is reading.

在这里是动名词短语作表语。动名词作表语的情况在英语中较为常见。

(Line 1, Para. 1)

他们的任务是探测西部的油矿。Their task is exploring oil mines in the west.



我希望我们正在做的就是让孩子们意识到每一天都要过得有意义。who know that…

老师是帮助我们读书学习的人。A teacher is the person who helps us to learn.

句中的 who 引导定语从句，修饰先行词 kids 。

(Line 1, Para. 1)


当一个球员或整个球队付出了额外的努力，而这些努力又在球场上有了回报，还有比这更好的时机去传递“努力就会成功”这条信念吗？

整体看来这个项目对这个地区意义重大。This project will be of great significance to the area as a whole.

(Line 1, Para. 4)

When an individual player or a team as a whole puts in extra work and the results pay off on the court, what better time is there to communicate this message?

as a whole: used to say that all the parts of sth. are being considered together 整个来看


当一个球员或整个球队付出了额外的努力，而这些努力又在球场上有了回报，还有比这更好的时机去传递“努力就会成功”这条信念吗？

对你付出的努力我满怀感激。 I am grateful for the efforts you have put in.

(Line 1, Para. 4)

When an individual player or a team as a whole puts in extra work and the results pay off on the court, what better time is there to communicate this message?

put in: to spend time or use energy working or practicing sth. 花费（时间或精力）做某事（练习某事）


Players at all levels can quickly fall into a pattern of using only the skills that they’re most comfortable with.

所有水平的球员都会很快陷入一种模式——只用自己觉得最舒服的方式来打球，(Line 2, Para. 5)

fall into sth.: to start doing sth. by chance 碰巧开始做某事一次偶然的机会我碰巧开始了模特生涯。 I fell into modeling quite by accident.


“Inch by inch, life is a cinch; yard by yard, life is hard.”

“脚踏实地，切勿急功近利。”(Line 1, Para. 6)

这句话出自 John Bytheway，他是一位美国作家。这句话的意思是 A huge task can be difficult to complete.

But if you break the task into smaller ones, it will be easier.


By getting a little better every day, the process is more comfortable than if you try to make a drastic improvement in one practice.

每天进步一点点会比在一次训练中取得显著进步更可行。(Line 1, Para. 6)

本句中， by 引导的短语做方式状语， if 引导的从句前省略了 it is 。


Learning how to deal with one’s emotions immediately after losing a close game is an important experience for players, even if it doesn’t feel too good at the time.

如何在输掉一场势均力敌的比赛后马上调整情绪是球员们要学会的宝贵经验，尽管在当时会让人不太舒服。(Line 3, Para. 7)

learning how to deal with one’s emotions immediately after losing a close game 在这里为动名词短语作主语。动名词作主语的情况在英语中较为常见。空谈于事无补。Talking mends no holes.




learning how to deal with one’s emotions immediately after losing a close game 在这里为动名词短语作主语。动名词作主语的情况在英语中较为常见。读法语要比说法语简单。Reading French is easier than speaking it.




used to emphasize that sth. will still be true if another thing happens 即使；纵然。即使是很久以前的事情，我仍然能够回忆起那次旅行。I can still remember that trip, even if it was long ago.

even if (=even though):


Players can also learn how adjustments made in practice after losses can have a positive impact on future games.

球员们也应该了解，在输掉比赛后的训练中作出调整对今后的比赛具有怎样的积极意义。(Line 6, Para. 7)

对 ······ 有积极 / 显著的影响我们的地方政策对环境有积极的影响。Our local policies have a positive impact on the environment.

have a positive/ significant impact on/ upon… :

learn 后面跟了宾语从句，从句中 made in practice after losses 是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰 adjustments 。


Whenever your team comes from behind and secures a victory, take the opportunity to reinforce this important message: Never quit.

每当你的队伍后来居上拿下一场胜利，都要抓住机会强化这一重要信念：永不放弃。(Line 1, Para. 8)

抓住机会做某事我想借此机会感谢你的努力工作。I’d like to take the opportunity to thank you for all your hard work.

take the opportunity to do sth.:


Maybe because of similar backgrounds or interests, players will make immediate connections with some and not with others.

或许因为相似的背景或兴趣，球员们从一开始就会和某些队友建立联系，而不是另外一些。(Line 1, Para. 8)

n. sb.’s family, education, previous work, etc. 出身；个人背景

social background 社会背景family background 家庭背景be / come from different backgrounds 来自不同的背景

background:


Maybe because of similar backgrounds or interests, players will make immediate connections with some and not with others. (Line 1, Para. 8)

与某人建立联系

It’s difficult to make connections with neighbors nowadays.

make connections with sb.:

如今很难和邻居建立联系。

或许因为相似的背景或兴趣，球员们从一开始就会和某些队友建立联系，而不是另外一些。


Recently a basketball expert said that when a player has the basketball, he’s frequently making about 10 to 15 decisions in his head every 20 seconds.

最近，一位篮球专业人士说过：一个球员手中持球时，一般每二十秒他的头脑中就会作出十到十五个决定。(Line 1, Para. 8)

主句谓语使用了一般过去时，但从句中的内容在陈述一个事实，因此从句谓语使用了一般现在时，而没有和主句的时态保持一致。

The teacher once told us that the Yangtze River originates in Qinghai.

老师曾经告诉我们长江源自青海。


Recently a basketball expert said that when a player has the basketball, he’s frequently making about 10 to 15 decisions in his head every 20 seconds.

最近，一位篮球专业人士说过：一个球员手中持球时，一般每二十秒他的头脑中就会作出十到十五个决定。(Line 1, Para. 8)

作决定

The young man made a quick decision in his head at the crucial moment.

在紧要关头这个年轻人在脑子里快速做了一个决定。make a decision in one’s head:


Recently a basketball expert said that when a player has the basketball, he’s frequently making about 10 to 15 decisions in his head every 20 seconds. (Line 1, Para. 8)

每隔二十秒every 20 seconds:

限定词 every 可以表示“每逢；每隔”的意思，如： every 10 days （每隔十天）， every five yards （每隔五码）。

最近，一位篮球专业人士说过：一个球员手中持球时，一般每二十秒他的头脑中就会作出十到十五个决定。


If a coach makes the connections, it’s easy for players to see that preparing for a tough, cross-town rival in basketball is similar to preparing for a tough math test.

如果教练可以把这些结合起来，那么球员就会很容易发现迎战一场与同城对手激烈的篮球比赛就如同准备一场艰难的数学考试。

(Line 4, Para. 12)

A和 B 相似A be similar to B:

preparing for a tough, cross-town rival in basketball 是动名词短语作主语； preparing for a tough math test 是动名词短语作宾语。

Her ideas are similar to mine.

她的想法和我的相似。


Through the course of the season, players learn how to adjust their style of play to the system.

整个赛季中，球员们都在学习如何针对这一体系调整自己打球的风格。(Line 6, Para. 13)

在赛季中through the course of the season:

You should adjust yourself to the new environment at work.

在工作中你要使自己调整适应新的环境。使 ······适应 ······ ；使 ······ 习惯 ······adjust… to… :


note (Line 3, Para. 1)

报纸没有特别提到那时发生什么事。The newspaper does not note what happened then.

注意 [ 特别提到 ] ······

好好注意看我怎么做。Note well how I do it.


通知看后请传给其他人。Please read this notice and pass it on to others.

pass on

传授；传递

(Line 1, Para. 2)

pass on something to somebody: 把 ······ 传授 / 传递给 ······


宾馆为客人提供擦拭鞋子的服务。The hotel provides a shoe-cleaning service for guests.

provide for

作准备，供养

(Line 1, Para. 3)

对于意外之事，怎么可能每个人都有所准备呢？How can everyone provide for unexpected events?


请告诉我选举结果如何。Please tell me how the voting came out．

come out

结果是

(Line 2, Para. 7)


John's score on the test will make the difference between his passing or failing the course．

make a difference

紧要，很重要；有影响

(Line 2, Para. 9)

约翰这次考试的得分关系着他这门功课能否通过。


commitment

I was impressed by the commitment shown by the players.

演员们表现出来的责任感给我留下了深刻印象。

承诺；义务(Line 8, Para. 12)

We are looking for someone who can make commitment to the job.

我们在寻找一个能对此工作尽职尽责的人。


a set of

We face a new set of problems.

我们面临一系列的新问题。

一套；一组；一副(Line 8, Para. 12)

The younger generation has a different set of values.

年轻的一代有着一套新的价值观。

Passage A – Exercises

Vocabulary & Structure

Translation

Comprehension

Passage A – Comprehension

1.1. Choose the best answer to each of the following questions.

1 Which of the following is NOT true about Roger Barta?

✔✔A He is a high school basketball coach.B His teams have won eight Kansas state

championships.C His coaching philosophy has passed on a lot of

wisdom to his players.D His coaching philosophy has worked well on the

field.



2 What does the writer mean by saying that “it’s important to take chances” in Paragraph 5?

✔✔

A Young basketball players should use skills that they’re most comfortable with.

B Young basketball players should dribble with their strong hand.

C Young basketball players should have the courage to take risks and avoid falling into a pattern.

D Young basketball players should be rewarded for their efforts.



3 Which of the following is true according to the passage?

✔✔

A Basketball players only need to adjust their style of play to the general rules of basketball.

B Basketball players on a team have to learn to work together, even with those they may not like.

C When basketball players have the basketball, they’re frequently making about 10 to 15 decisions in their head every 30 seconds.

D There is no need for basketball players to deal with their emotions immediately after losing a close game because it doesn’t work effectively when they are feeling depressed.


2.2. Work in groups to discuss the following questions.

2 What does the writer mean by saying that “it’s not really about basketball” in the last paragraph?

1 “Inch by inch, life is a cinch; yard by yard, life is hard.” How do you understand this quotation?



To me it means people should break large undertakings into small pieces, rather than be overwhelmed by the difficulty of the final goal. It reminds me of the old Chinese proverb: “The man who moved a mountain is the one who started taking away the small stones.”

1 “Inch by inch, life is a cinch; yard by yard, life is hard.” How do you understand this quotation?



The writer means that the lessons players learn in their basketball classes will not only benefit their basketball careers, but also have a positive influence on their lives.

2 What does the writer mean by saying that “it’s not really about basketball” in the last paragraph?

1.1. Complete the following sentences with the words given below. Change the form if necessary.

Passage A – Vocabulary and structure

1. He was trying to _____________ the ball past his opponents.

2. He succeeded in ___________ the ball in the backcourt ( 后场 ).

3. He ____________ a pass and then ran with the ball.

4. He competed pretty hard on __________ throughout the play-offs, but not tonight.

rebound dribble fake defense

dribble

rebounding

faked

defense

2.2. Complete the following sentences with the expressions given below. Change the form if necessary.


1. As an experienced player, you should ______________ your knowledge to your teammates.

2. My efforts finally _____________ when they called me in for an interview.

3. You should never _______________ when driving.

pass on

paid off

take chances

take chances pay off pass onmake the most of make a difference come out



4. If you spend a little more time on your work now, you’ll ____________ ahead in the end.

5. Where you live can ______________________ to the way you feel.

6. We can stay in London for only one day, so let’s _______________________ it and see as many things as possible.

come out

make a difference

make the most of

make the most of make a difference come out

3.3. Add the suffix “-ship” to the words given below. Then complete the following sentences with the words thus formed.


1. I value my ____________ with my teammates.

2. The ____________ of this young woman is excellent.

3. I must renew my ____________ of the sailing club.

4. He was born in Sweden, but he doesn’t have Swedish __________.

friend member citizen musician

friendship

musicianship

membership

citizenship

4.4. Read the following passage carefully and choose the best word to fill in each blank.


Basketball, the ultimate in 1)______ sports, can be played 2)______ or outdoors, in a gym or in the park. It doesn’t cost a lot to play, and it isn’t complicated, either. 3)______ you know a few rules and have some basic skills, you can walk up to any court and join a pickup game ( 临时组织的比赛 ).

1 A team B group C individual

2 A in door B indoor C indoors

3 A Since B Once C Only

✔✔

✔✔

✔✔



Basketball is great for building muscles. 4)______ the game requires a lot of starting, stopping, and sprinting ( 快速奔跑 ), it helps strengthen the lower body. 5)______ and shooting can develop muscles in the arms and shoulders. Obviously, the fitness benefits increase with the 6)______ of the game. Moreover, shooting increases your energy, endurance, and 7)______ , and thus can make other aerobic( 有氧健身的 ) activities, such as walking, running, and skating, easier.

4 A If B Since C Therefore5 A Dribble B To dribble C Dribbling6 A rate B pace C step7 A coordinate

B coordination C coordinating

✔✔

✔✔

✔✔

✔✔



However, before you start playing, it is necessary to spend a few minutes practicing throws or 8)______ the ball around to your teammates. It takes 5 to 10 minutes to warm up your muscles, get your heart rate elevated ( 升高的 ), and break a sweat (a sign that you’re ready to proceed). After the game, also take time to 9)______: Allow your heart rate to decrease gradually by 10) ______ around the court or walking home.

8 A to pass B pass C passing

9 A cool down B slow down C sit down

10 A stroll B stroller C strolling

✔✔

✔✔

✔✔

Passage A – Translation

1.1. Translate the following sentences into Chinese.

1. By getting a little better every day, the process is more comfortable than if you try to make a drastic improvement in one practice.______________________________________________ ______________________________________________

2. If a coach makes the connections, it’s easy for players to see that preparing for a tough, cross-town rival in basketball is similar to preparing for a tough math test. Both take a plan, extra effort, and commitment.

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

每天进步一点点会比在一次训练中取得显著进步更可行。

如果教练可以把这些结合起来，那么球员就会很容易发现迎战一场与同城对手激烈的篮球比赛就如同准备一场艰难的数学考试：两者都需要计划，需要额外的努力和奉献。

篮球是深受高中生和大学生喜爱的一项运动。它不仅可以帮助学生强身健体，还有助于他们学习团队精神，增强自信。这些会对他们的人生产生积极的影响。 (not only… but also…, stay fit, have a positive influence on)

2.2. Translate the following sentences into English with the help of the words and expressions given in brackets.

Basketball is a popular sport among high school and college students. It can not only help students stayfit, but also help them learn team spirit and build confidence. These skills will have a positive influenceon their lives.

Passage A – Translation

One stray kick

Lead-in

Text study

Exercises

Passage B

Passage B – One stray kick

Lead-in

Background information

Pre-reading activity

1. What do you know about David Beckham, the world-famous football star?

Pre-reading


Work in groups to discuss the following questions.

David Beckham is one of Britain’s most iconic athletes whose name is also an elite global advertising brand. He was captain of the English national team from 2000 to 2006, scored in three different FIFA World Cups, and played midfield for Manchester United, Preston North End, Real Madrid, AC Milan, Los Angeles Galaxy, and Paris Saint-Germain.

Pre-reading



2. If your favorite athlete or pop star did something wrong or improper, would you still love him / her? Why or why not?

• Yes, I would. Everyone makes mistakes, including athletes or pop stars. We need to forgive them and leave them time to think over their mistakes and learn from them.

• No, I wouldn’t. Athletes or pop stars have a particularly strong influence on ordinary people, especially young people. So they should be role models for us. We all expect them to provide more than just entertainment. They need to try to show good qualities and avoid making mistakes.


Background information

1. David Beckham

2. Manchester United


1. David Beckham


1. David Beckham

David Robert Joseph Beckham (born 2 May 1975) is an English former professional footballer. He has played for Manchester United, Preston North End, Real Madrid, Milan, LA Galaxy, Paris Saint-Germain, and the England national team for which he holds the appearance record for an outfield player. He was the first English player to win league titles in four countries, England, Spain, the United States and France. He announced his retirement at the end of the 2012–13 season and, on 18 May 2013, played the final game of his 20-year career.


1. David Beckham



Manchester United Football Club is an English professional football club, based in Old Trafford, Greater Manchester that plays in the Premier League. Founded as Newton Heath LYR Football Club in 1878, the club changed its name to Manchester United in 1902 and moved to Old Trafford in 1910. They are regarded as one of the most successful clubs in English football.



Manchester United have won the most League titles (20) of any English club, a joint record 11 FA Cups, four League Cups, and a record 20 FA Community Shields. The club has also won three European Cups, one UEFA Cup Winners' Cup, one UEFA Super Cup, one Intercontinental Cup, and one FIFA Club World Cup. In 1998–99, the club won a continental treble of the Premier League, the FA Cup and the UEFA Champions League.

Text study



Language points

Text reading

Passage B

One stray kick1. On Friday, 7 June, 2002, I stood on the pitch in Japan,

waiting to take a penalty kick for England against Argentina. It was our second game of the World Cup finals and the toughest match of the group. A win would help ensure that we made it to the next round. It would also go a long way towards erasing four years’ worth of bad memories.

2. I was lucky to be there at all—less than two months ago, I’d broken a bone in my foot. But I’d worked incredibly hard to recover and now here I was, England’s captain, about to take a shot that could win us the game. As I tried to focus, the Argentine captain, Diego Simeone, came walking towards me and held his hand out to shake. In an instant, my mind returned to a night four years earlier, when the same player helped get me kicked out of the previous World Cup in France.

_______________________

_____________________________________

__________________________________________

____________________________

__________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

Passage B

3. Although I didn’t have the best of starts at the 1998 World Cup, I’d scored my first-ever goal for England in the following match, so I was feeling confident when we faced Argentina. It was a huge game. Our rivalry is one of the oldest in football, and once I found out I’d been starting I couldn’t wait for the game to begin.

4. The first 45 minutes flew by, with goals at either end. Though the score was tied 2-2, we felt we were good enough to win.

Passage B

5. Just after halftime, Simeone, whom I’d not had trouble with before, clattered into me from behind. As I lay on the field, he got up and went to ruffle my hair—but gave it a tug instead. Instinctively, I flicked my leg up and caught him. I didn’t think, I just retaliated, but I knew instantly it was the wrong thing to do. Simeone hit the deck as if he’d been shot, and as I got to my feet the referee pulled out a red card. After that, all I remembered was focusing on the tunnel, not the crowd or my team mates, as I walked away from what would have been a 3-2 victory.

______________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________

Passage B

6. The English fans’ passion for football is legendary. During big tournaments, the country practically comes to a standstill. It’s incredible to have that kind of support. But when things go wrong, the mood can change very quickly.

7. After my ejection from the 1998 World Cup, the press coverage was unbelievable. The hatred projected at me by the media and the fans was beyond anything I could comprehend. I remember going to meet my wife, Victoria, in New York after the game; as I made my way through the airport, one reporter shoved a microphone in my face and asked whether I had let my family and country down.

_____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Passage B

8. What I read in the press about that game hit me hard and hurt me a lot, but mostly it left me feeling sad. We’d lost a football match—a very important one. But did I really deserve to be treated with such hatred? When a whole country levels abuse at you, it’s difficult to keep going.

9. When the professional season started for Manchester United, things got even worse. And the worst thing was that it was not aimed just at me but at my family. I understood the fans’ disappointment after the World Cup and their desire to blame someone; it was my responsibility. But when my family was brought into it, things had gone too far. Even though I wanted revenge, I decided to keep my head down, train and play hard, and keep doing what I do best, which is playing football.

_____________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

Passage B

10. Gradually things got better. Manchester United ended up winning the league. In 2000 I was handed the England captain’s armband. It was the proudest day of my career when I was told I’d lead my country in a game against Italy.

11. Four years after the event of 1998, I stood again at the penalty spot, trying to ignore Simeone’s attempts to unsettle me. I focused on the ball as I took my run-up and hit it straight down the middle, as hard as I could. Carlos Roa, the Argentine goalkeeper, was slightly wrong-footed and could only watch as the ball hit the back of the net. By that time, I was running over towards the corner, pulling at my shirt and shouting at the top of my lungs. All the anger and hurt that I’d felt over the previous four years just disappeared. All the bad memories of abuse and threat went with the goal. In hindsight, it made me stronger as a player and a man. I had turned the corner, and my life would never be the same.

_________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________



Structure

Part I (Para. ______)

Part II (Para. ______)

Part III (Para. ______)

1-2

3-10

11

start: 2002 World Cup

flashback: 1998 World Cup

Ending: I was much stronger both as a player and as a man.


It would also go a long way towards erasing four years’ worth of bad memories.

这也将有助于抹去我们四年来的惨痛记忆。

worth: n. an amount measured by the time it lasts 持续时间

我们只剩下维持三天的食物了。We had only three days’ worth of food left.

(Line 5, Para. 1)

他们制作了一个时长 5小时的影片展示祖国的辉煌。They’ve produced five hours’ worth of videos showing the glories of their country.

it指代上文提到的 a win。


… now here I was, England’s captain, about to take a shot that could win us the game.

······现在我作为英格兰队的队长站在这里，等待射出能使我们赢得比赛的一球。

Jack took a shot at the goal from the halfway line, but missed.

(Line 3, Para. 2)

杰克在中场附近向球门射门，但是没有进。

shot: n. an attempt in sport to throw, kick, or hit the ball toward the place where you can get a point（为得分的）投球，射球，击球

take a shot: 投球；射球；击球

… now here I was, England’s captain, about to take a shot that could win us the game.

······现在我作为英格兰队的队长站在这里，等待射出能使我们赢得比赛的一球。

That kind of behavior won’t win you any friends.

(Line 3, Para. 2)

这种行为不会帮你赢得友谊。

win sb. sth.: 为某人赢得某物



In an instant, my mind returned to a night four years earlier, when the same player helped get me kicked out of the previous World Cup in France.

一瞬间，我的思绪飞回到四年前的那个晚上，当时，就是这名球员使我被罚出了上一届法国世界杯。(Line 3, Para. 2)

句中 when 引导的非限制性定语从句修饰先行词 a night 。in an instant: : immediately 立刻；顷刻

The shooting star was gone in an instant.

流星转眼间就消失了。


Just after halftime, Simeone, whom I’d not had trouble with before, clattered into me from behind.

中场休息刚过，我之前从未得罪过的西蒙尼突然从后面撞倒了我。(Line 1, Para. 5)

句中的 whom 引导了非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 Simeone 。与某人之间有问题 / 麻烦

We’re having a lot of trouble with the new computer system.

我们在使用新的电脑操作系统时遇到了麻烦。

have trouble with sb.: 做某事有困难have trouble with sth.:

Simeone hit the deck as if he’d been shot, and as I got to my feet the referee pulled out a red card.

西蒙尼像是中了枪一样倒在了球场上，我站起身时裁判掏出了红牌。as if 和 as though 引导的状语从句可以使用虚拟语气。使用虚拟语气时，当从句表示的情况与现在的事实相反时，从句的谓语动词用过去时；当从句的情况与过去的事实相反时，从句的谓语动词用过去完成时。

(Line 15, Para. 3)

我记得它，就好像是发生在昨天。 I remember it as though it were tonight.



Simeone hit the deck as if he’d been shot, and as I got to my feet the referee pulled out a red card.

西蒙尼像是中了枪一样倒在了球场上，我站起身时裁判掏出了红牌。(Line 15, Para. 3)

他拿出钱包说：“我来付吧。” He pulled out his wallet and said “let me pay.”

取出pull out:


After that, all I remembered was focusing on the tunnel, not the crowd or my teammates, as I walked away from what would have been a 3-2 victory.

之后，我离开了那本应是 3-2的胜利。当离开时，我所有的记忆都停留在那条离场通道上，不是人群，也不是队友。(Line 9, Para. 3)

would have been… 为虚拟语气，表示一种与过去事实相反的情况，意为：本来会是某种情况，但实际上不是。

tunnel: n. a passage in a sports stadium through which players enter or leave the field 运动场运动员通道

what 相当于 the thing that。在文中 what would have been a 3-2 victory相当于 the result that would have been a 3-2 victory。


The hatred projected at me by the media and the fans was beyond anything I could comprehend.

媒体和球迷对我的憎恶超出了我所能理解的范围。(Line 2, Para. 7)

project: v. to throw sth. 投射；投掷

发射的导弹中有百分之十没有击中目标。 10 percent of the projected missiles missed the target.

The hatred projected at me by the media and the fans was beyond anything I could comprehend.

(Line 2, Para. 7)

beyond anything I could comprehend: 超出了我所能理解的范围

beyond control / belief / repair：无法控制 / 相信 / 修理


媒体和球迷对我的憎恶超出了我所能理解的范围。


… as I made my way through the airport, one reporter shoved a microphone in my face and asked whether I had let my family and country down.

······ 经过机场时，一名记者把麦克风顶在我脸上，问我是否让我的家人和国家失望了。(Line 5, Para. 7)

make one’s way: 费力地前进；为自己开辟一条路

shoved和 asked 为主句的并列谓语动词。 asked后面跟了由 whether引导的宾语从句，从句使用陈述语序；因为 let my family and country down发生在asked之前，所以使用了过去完成时。


But did I really deserve to be treated with such hatred?(Line 3, Para. 8)

deserve to do sth.: 应当做某事

After all the hard work, he deserved to get promoted.

可是我真的应该被如此憎恶吗？

在付出了这么多的努力之后，他应该得到升职。

But did I really deserve to be treated with such hatred?(Line 3, Para. 8)

treat sb. with hatred / respect / contempt: 憎恶 / 尊敬地 / 鄙视地对待某人

This old lady wasn’t treated with respect in her family.

可是我真的应该被如此憎恶吗？

老太太在家里没有得到尊重。


And the worst thing was that it was not aimed just at me but at my family. (Line 2, Para. 9)

that 在句中引导了表语从句。 that引导表语从句在英语中较为常见。

The best thing about college is that I have more freedom with my time.

最糟糕的是，他们针对的不仅仅是我，还有我的家人。

关于大学最好的一点就是我可以自由支配时间。


And the worst thing was that it was not aimed just at me but at my family. (Line 2, Para. 9)

aim sth. at sb.: 使某物针对某人

This project was aimed at reducing road accidents.

最糟糕的是，他们针对的不仅仅是我，还有我的家人。

这个项目旨在减少交通事故。be aimed at (doing) sth.: 旨在 ······


Manchester United ended up winning the league.(Line 1, Para. 10)

That bad guy ended up dead in a car accident.

曼彻斯特联队赢得了联赛。

那个坏蛋在一次车祸中丧生。

end up: to be in a particular situation, state, or place after a series of events, especially when you did not plan it（尤指经历一系列意料之外的事情

……后）最终处于

If he continues like this, he will end up lifting a stone only to have it drop on his own foot, just as the saying goes.

如果他还这样，那就像老话说的，会搬起石头砸了自己的脚。


By that time, I was running over towards the corner, pulling at my shirt and shouting at the top of my lungs.

(Line 6, Para. 11)

He has his students stand in rows and shout at the top of lungs.

那时候，我跑到球场的一角，拉扯着球衣大声嘶喊。

他让学生们站成排大声喊。

at the top of lungs: 以最高的音量


Passage B – Exercises

Vocabulary & structure

Translation

Comprehension

Oral work

Passage B – Comprehension

1.1. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).

F 1 Beckham was England’s captain at the 1998 World Cup.

2 Beckham scored his first-ever goal for England at the 1998 World Cup.

3 The English football fans and media forgave Beckham for his mistake at the 1998 World Cup.

4 For Beckham, it was the proudest day of his career when he scored a goal in 2002 in revenge for the anger and hurt he had suffered.

T

F

F

5 What Beckham suffered after the 1998 failure made him stronger as a player and a man.

T

2.2. Answer the following questions.


1. Why did Beckham get bad memories about the 1998 World Cup?

Beckham was kicked out of the World Cup in France in 1998 because he flicked his leg up and caught Simeone, who annoyed him intentionally, and his team was defeated by Argentina.


Although Beckham thought the criticism and coverage were unfair, he kept silent and focused on training and practicing football.

2. How did Beckham respond to the hatred and abuse of the fans and the media after the 1998 failure?


He ignored Simeone’s attempts to unsettle him and focused on the ball. He took his run-up and hit it straight down the middle and he succeeded in kicking the ball into the back of the net.

3. How did Beckham respond to Simeone’s attempt to unsettle him at the 2002 World Cup?

Passage B – Vocabulary and structure

1.1. Replace the underlined words or expressions in the following sentences with words with similar meanings. Change the form if necessary.incredibly shove previous retaliate instantly

1. The historic quarter ( 城区 ) of the city has been restored to its former glory. ____________

2. The boy hit his sister, who fought back by kicking him. ____________3. The point of my question may not be recognized

immediately. ____________4. You have to keep your dorm tidy. Put your suitcase under

your bed. ____________5. I’m sorry I haven’t phoned. I’ve been extremely busy this

week. ____________

previous

retaliated

instantly

Shove

incredibly

2.2. Compare each pair of words and complete the following sentences with the right one. Change the form if necessary.


Never go to sleep with an argument ___________.unsettled

unsettle

1. unsettle, unsettled

I’m slowly ___________ my strength after a flu.recovering

recovery

2. recover, recovery

Changing schools might ___________ the kids.

Ann made a quick ___________ from her operation.



The maximum ___________ for this crime is 10 years’ imprisonment ( 监禁 ).

penalty

penal

3. penalty, penal

The ___________ system of that country is among the cruelest in the world.

I don’t see why I should put up with this kind of ________ from anyone.

abuse

abusive

4. abuse, abusive

Jeremy got extremely angry and became violent and ___________ toward Ben.



Professor Lee’s book was difficult to Kate. It was completely beyond her ________________.comprehension

comprehend

5. comprehension, comprehend

I cannot ______________ how you could have been so careless.



1. At first Tom refused to accept any responsibility, but he ______________ apologizing.

2. The law will ______________________ reducing pollution.3. She ______________ the thread till it came out of the

piece of cloth.4. Are you able to ______________ to the airport?

5. If you read the instructions, you’ll see where you ______________.

ended up go a long way towards

pulled at

make your way

go wrong

pull at go wrong make one’s way

end up go a long way towards

4.4. Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in brackets into English using the structure “v-ing…”


1. He sat at the table, _______________________________ ( 专心地读着一本小说 ).

holding some

reading a novel intently

Sample: I stood again at the penalty spot, trying to ignore Simeone’s attempts to unsettle me ( 试着去忽略西蒙尼的挑衅 ).

3. All night long James lay awake, _____________________ _______________________( 想着如何解决这个困难 ).

thinking about how to

books in his / her hand2. The teacher came into the classroom, ______________ ______________________( 手里拿着几本书 ).

solve the problem

4.4. Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in brackets into English using the structure “v-ing…”


4. The boys stood there for about an hour, ______________ _______________( 在看一场足球比赛 ).

begging for her

watching a

Sample: I stood again at the penalty spot, trying to ignore Simeone’s attempts to unsettle me ( 试着去忽略西蒙尼的挑衅 ).

forgiveness5. He looked at his girlfriend pitifully, ___________________ _____________ ( 请求她的原谅 ).

football game

Passage B – Translation

1.1. Translate the following sentences into Chinese.

1. In an instant, my mind returned to a night four years earlier, when the same player helped get me kicked out of the previous World Cup in France.______________________________________________________________________________________________一瞬间，我的思绪飞回到四年前的那个晚上，当时，就是这名球员使我被罚出了上一届法国世界杯。

2. The hatred projected at me by the media and the fans was beyond anything I could comprehend.

_______________________________________________媒体和球迷对我的憎恶超出了我所能理解的范围。

足球是全世界最受欢迎，也是观看人数最多的运动。每隔四年，世界各地的球迷都会来到世界杯的举办国，现场观看比赛。虽然他们最喜欢的球队并不一定会赢得冠军，但这并不影响他们的热情。 (host country, not necessarily, enthusiasm)

2.2. Translate the following sentences into English with the help of the words and expressions given in brackets.

Football is the most popular and most viewed game all over the world. Every four years, football fans from all over the world will come to the host country of the World Cup to watch the games on spot. Though their favorite team may not necessarily win the championship, this does not affect their enthusiasm.

Passage B – Translation

Passage B – Oral work

Work in groups to do the following activity.

Words and expressions you may use:• technical foul ( 技术犯规 ) • unethical• sportsmanship • red / yellow card• justified • penalty kick

In order to win a game, some players will fake injuries during the game. What do you think of this kind of phenomenon in sports? Is it a good technique to win the game or a sort of cheating?

Passage B – Oral work


I think faking injuries is a form of cheating. For example, in a soccer game, when a player pretends to have been hurt, the referee might believe him/her and give his/her rival a red or yellow card, which puts his/her team in a favorable situation. Some people may think it is a good technique to win. However, I think it is very unethical. The spirit of sport is to celebrate such values as fair play and honesty. Faking injuries is a violation of sportsmanship. I think this behavior should be severely punished.

Inverted sentences ( 倒装句 )

Exercises

Grammar

Grammar - Inverted sentences

英语中大部分句子的主语在谓语之前。但有时谓语动词会被提到主语前面，这种现象称为倒装。如果整个谓语放在主语前，则句子为全部倒装；如果只是部分谓语（如助动词、情态动词或系动词 be ）放在主语前，则句子为部分倒装。一、全部倒装的常见用法

1. 以时间状语 now， then， soon 等开始的句子，如果其后的动词是 be 或者不及物动词begin， come， follow 等，那么谓语放在主语之前。e.g. 1) Now is your turn.2) Soon came another rain.


2. 在以 here， there 这样的地点状语或者out， in， up， down， away 等表示方位的副词开头的句子中，谓语可以放在主语之前，从而使描述更为生动。e.g. 1) There goes the bell. 2) Out went the teacher and the children.

注：当主语是人称代词时，谓语不提前。

e.g. Away he went.


3 为了强调位置，可以把表示位置的介词短语置于句首，并把谓语置于主语之前。这时的谓语多为

be， lie， sit， stand， come， walk 等不及物动词。

e.g. 1) In the north of the city lies a new airport.2) In the middle of the room stand two desks

and some chairs.


4 倒装结构也常见于以 so， nor， neither 开头的句子中。如果前面一句话中谓语表示的情况也适用于后面的人或物，那么后面句子用倒装结构。

e.g. 1) John has just seen it. So have I.2) He cannot answer my questions. Neither/

Nor can his brother.


二、部分倒装的常见用法1. 为了加强语气，可以把表示限制意义的 only 和其后的副词、介词短语或状语从句提到句首，也可以把 often，

always， once 等表示频度的副词或副词短语置于句首，句子部分倒装。e.g. 1) Only then did I know the truth.2) Only when the meeting is over can we know the

decision.3) Only by shouting can he be heard in the crowd.4) Often did I tell you not to cheat on exams. 5) Always will I remember my grandma’s last words.

2. 某些含有否定意义的副词或短语若放在句首，句子常部分倒装。这些副词或短语包括hardly ， never， nor， neither， not， seldom， little，not until， not only… but also， by no means， no sooner… than 等。e.g. 1) Not until yesterday did my father return home.2) Seldom have I seen such a beautiful rainbow.3) No sooner had I arrived home than it began to

rain heavily.4) By no means is translation easy.


注： not only… but also 如果连接两个句子，第一个句子倒装，第二个不倒装。

e.g. Not only did Bob buy a bike for me, but he also sent it to my home.


3. 在 as/ though引导的让步状语从句中，可以把表语或者部分谓语提前。（详见本书 Unit 4的语法部分）

e.g. 1) Pretty as she is, she is not clever at all.2) Rich as the man is, he is not happy. 3) Child though he is, he knows much about

hunting.4) Try as I would, I couldn’t make him change his

mind.

4. 在省去 if 的虚拟条件句中使用部分倒装。（详见本书 Unit 7 的语法部分）


Grammar - Exercises

1.1. Choose the best way to complete each of the following sentences.

1 — I would never come to this restaurant again. The food is terrible.

— ________.A. Nor am I. B. Neither would I.✔✔

2 I failed in the final examination last term and only then ________ the importance of working hard.A. had I realized B. did I realize✔✔

Grammar - Exercises

1.1. Choose the best way to complete each of the following sentences.

3 ________ snacks and drinks, but they also brought cards for entertainment. A. Not only they brought B. Not only did they

bring✔✔

4 ________ she doesn’t want to be a professional singer.

A. Talented as she is B. She is as talented✔✔

5 Never before ________ in greater need of modern public transport than it is today. A. has this city been B. this city has been✔✔

Grammar - Exercises

2.2. Correct the following sentences.

1. Here are we at the hotel. _______________________________________________

2. Kate has bought a new cellphone, so did I. _______________________________________________Kate has bought a new cellphone, so have I.

Here we are at the hotel.

3. Only then he became aware of the dangers of the jungles.

______________________________________________________________________________________________

Only then did he become aware of the dangers of the jungles.

Grammar - Exercises

2.2. Correct the following sentences.

4. Seldom do I have seen a situation which made me so angry.

______________________________________________________________________________________________

Seldom have I seen a situation which made me so angry.

5. Hard-working as he, he couldn’t finish the task on time.

______________________________________________________________________________________________Hard-working as he is, he couldn’t finish the task on time.

Notices and posters (通知与海报 )

Exercises

Writing

Writing - Notices and posters

Notices

通知是用于传达信息或公布事情的一种常见的应用文体。通知通常采用两种形式：布告式通知和书信式通知。布告式通知是以布告的形式将相关事宜通知给有关人员，如下属成员、观众等；书信式通知是以书信的形式发给有关人员。此种通知的写作形式和普通书信相同。布告式通知应用广泛，简单实用。因此，这里只介绍布告式通知的写作。布告式通知一般由标题、正文、落款和日期四部分组成。


Notices

1. 标题一般用 Notice “ 或单位或部门 + Notice”，写在正文上方的正中位置。

2. 正文，即通知的内容，一般包括时间、地点、出席的对象、活动内容及有关注意事项等。

3. 落款，即发布通知的人或单位名称，一般写在正文的右下方或者标题的上方。

4. 日期可以放在正文的右下方，或者放在标题的右下方。


Sample 1

NoticeAll members of the Students’ Union are requested to

meet at the office of the Students’ Union at 4:00 p.m. on Monday, March 4 to elect this year’s Board of Directors. Please do not be late or absent.

Students’ UnionFebruary 27, 2013


Sample 2

The Library Office Notice September 1, 2013All readers are requested to note that from

September 15, 2013, the library will be open during the following hours: 8:00-11:30 a.m.

1:30-5:30 p.m.6:30-9:30 p.m.


Posters

海报是用于告知公众某种信息的宣传广告，如讲座、球讯、影讯等。海报通常由四部分构成，即标题、正文、落款与日期。

1. 标题通常有两种形式：一种是直接用 Poster ，另一种是按海报的内容撰写标题，如： Film News， Lecture， Football Match 等。标题应置于内容的正上方，以求醒目。

2. 正文部分要写清楚活动的主题、内容、举办的时间和地点以及相关要求。3. 海报的发出人或单位名称通常位于正文右下方。4. 日期可写在海报发出人或单位名称的下方，有时也可省略。

Writing - Developing a paragraph by cause & effect

Sample 1

This Week’s FilmTitle: Mission, Impossible 4Time: 7:00 p.m., Saturday, April 12Place: School Concert HallFare: 10 yuanTicket office: The Youth Club Students’ Union

Writing - Developing a paragraph by cause & effect

Sample 1

LectureTopic: Development of Western Popular MusicLecturer: Professor Zhu Ying, School of Art and

Communication, Beijing Normal UniversityTime: 8:00 p.m., May 19, 2013Place: Room 211, No. 9 Teaching BuildingAll are welcome.

Department of MusicMay 15, 2013

Writing - Exercises

1. Write a notice in English according to the information given below.

以英语系的名义写一个举行英语演讲比赛的通知。通知应包含以下内容：1 ）目的：提高学生的英语口语水平；2 ）组织者：英语系学生会； 3 ）参加者：所有感兴趣的同学；4 ）报名时间与地点： 2013年 9月 20 日以前，英语系学生会办公室。

Writing - Exercises

1. Write a notice in English according to the information given below.

NoticeAn English speech contest will be held on Oct. 4 by the

English Department in the university auditorium to improve the oral English skills of students. All the full-time students are entitled to take part in the contest. The students interested in the activity are required to submit a draft speech before Sept. 20 to the office of the Students’ Union of English Department (Room 1512 of Yifu Building). Participants are free to choose the topic and the teachers of the English Department will offer help to polish the drafts.

Students’ Union of English Department Sept. 10, 2013

Writing - Exercises

2. Design a poster in English according to the information given below.

以校学生会文艺部的名义写一份海报，告知大家校园主持人比赛将于 2013 年 10 月 13 日晚上七点半在学校音乐厅举行，欢迎大家前来观看。

Writing - Exercises

2. Design a poster in English according to the information given below.

PosterTitle: A contest for hostsTime: 7:30 p.m., Oct. 13, 2013Place: Music HallAll are welcome. Literary and Art Department of the Students’ Union Oct. 10, 2013

Questions

Culture express

Famous figures and their inspirational stories

Culture express - Famous figures

1. Match the following famous figures with their stories.


1. He is the most prominent leader in the struggle of South African blacks against apartheid (旧时南非的种族隔离制度 ). After being jailed for 27 years for political reasons, he was elected South Africa’s President in the nation’s first all-race elections, the country’s first black President. In 1993, he was a co-winner of the Nobel Peace Prize.


Key: Mandela



2. He is a pioneer in the Chinese Internet industry. In 1995, he founded China Pages, widely believed to be China’s first Internet-based company. In 1999, he founded Alibaba.com, a business-to-business marketplace site which now developed into China’s e-commerce giant Alibaba Group. He received many awards and honors, such as Businessweek’s “Businessperson of the Year” in 2007.

Key: Jack Ma


3. He is a new global basketball sensation. At the beginning of his career, he was only seen on the bench (替补席 ), and his talents were overlooked. But now he is the fastest-growing athlete brand in the world. He is one of the few Asian Americans in NBA history, and his great performances have generated a global phenomenon known as “Linsanity.”


Key: Jeremy Lin


2. Work in groups to discuss the following questions.

1. How do you define success?

2. Among your families and friends, is there anyone whom you think is successful? If yes, share his / her stories with your group.


According to the dictionary, success is the achievement of something that you have been trying to do or get. Definition of success varies from person to person. Success for me is not to earn a big amount of money. It is the satisfaction of heart and to contribute to society and bring pleasure to family. Success is neither a destination nor an end, but a long journey of hard work, willpower, and passion which help us to attain and accomplish milestones in our life. Most people who failed in life are those who did not manage to define their own success and to work toward it. Success starts from understanding who you are and what you really want to do with your life to make it meaningful.

1. How do you define success?


I think my cousin, now working as a sales manager, is a successful person. She comes from a small village and now is working in Shenzhen. She was among the few girls in her department at college because that is the boys’ field. She was the only person chosen from the whole department for the Graduate School of Harbin Institute of Technology. When she graduated, she was admitted by a large company in Shenzhen. After three years she was promoted to be the sales manager because of her outstanding performance and hard work.

(To be continued)



When talking about her successful experience, she always says, “The decision to accomplish a goal is the first step, which is very important and necessary. But the decision alone is not enough. We must have strong will, persistence, and patience to make it happen.”


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