list of rulers of bavaria
DESCRIPTION
List of Rulers of Bavaria, wikiaTRANSCRIPT
List of rulers of Bavaria
Coat of arms of Bavaria.
The following is a list of rulers during the history ofBavaria. Bavaria was ruled by several dukes and kings,partitioned and reunited, under several dynasties. Since1949, Bavaria has been a democratic state in the FederalRepublic of Germany.
1 Dynastic overview
1.1 Agilolfing dynasty, 548–788
Agilolfing dynasty
Around 548 the kings of the Franks placed the borderregion of Bavaria under the administration of a duke —possibly Frankish or possibly chosen from amongst thelocal leading families — who was supposed to act as aregional governor for the Frankish king. The first duke weknow of, and likely the first, was Gariwald, or GaribaldI, a member of the powerful Agilolfing family. This wasthe beginning of a series of Agilolfing dukes that was tolast until 788.
1.2 Carolingian dynasty, 788–911
Carolingian dynasty
The Kings (later Emperors) of the Franks now assumedcomplete control, placing Bavaria under the rule of non-hereditary governors and civil servants. They were notDukes but rather Kings of Bavaria. The Emperor Louisthe Pious divided control of the Empire among his sons,and the divisions became permanent in the decades fol-lowing his death in 840. The Frankish rulers controlledBavaria as part of their possessions.
1.3 Luitpolding dynasty, 911–947
Luitpolding dynasty
Luitpold, founder of the Luitpolding dynasty, was not aDuke of Bavaria but a Margrave of Carinthia under therule of Louis the Child. Frankish power had waned in theregion due to Hungarian attacks, allowing the local rulersgreater independence. Luitpold’s son, Arnulf, claimedthe title of Duke (implying full autonomy) in 911, andwas recognized as such by the German King Henry theFowler in 920.
1.4 German kings, 947–1070
Ottonian dynasty Salian dynasty
From 947 until the 11th century, the kings of Germanyrepeatedly transferred Bavaria into different hands (in-cluding their own), never allowing any one family to es-tablish itself. Bavaria was ruled by a series of short-lasting, mostly unrelated dynasties.
1.5 Houses of Welf and Babenberg, 1070–1180
Houses of Welf and Babenberg
In 1070, Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor deposed dukeOtto, granting the duchy instead to Welf I, Duke ofBavaria, a member of the Italo-Bavarian family of Este.Welf I subsequently quarreled with King Henry and wasdeprived of his duchy for nineteen years, during which itwas directly administered by the German crown. Welf I
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2 1 DYNASTIC OVERVIEW
recovered the duchy in 1096, and was succeeded by hissons Welf II and Henry IX— the latter was succeeded byhis son Henry X, who also became Duke of Saxony.
1.6 Wittelsbach dynasty, 1180–1918
Coat of arms of the Kingdom of Bavaria
Wittelsbach dynasty
In 1180, Henry XII the Lion and Frederick I, Holy Ro-man Emperor, fell out, and Frederick dispossessed theduke and gave his territory to Otto IWittelsbach, Duke ofBavaria of the House of Wittelsbach. Bavaria remainedin the possession of various branches of the family untilthe First World War.
1.6.1 First partition, 1253–1340
In 1253, on Otto II’s death, Bavaria was divided betweenhis sons. Henry became Duke of Lower Bavaria, andLouis of Upper Bavaria. From this point until the begin-ning of the 16th century, the territories were frequentlydivided between brothers, making the Dukes difficult tolist.In Lower Bavaria, Henry XIII was succeeded by histhree sons, Otto III, Louis III, and Stephen I ruling jointly.Otto III’s successor in the joint dukedom was his sonHenry XV. Stephen’s successors were his sons Otto IVand Henry XIV. Henry XIV’s son was John I.
In Upper Bavaria, Louis II was succeeded by his sonsRudolf I and Louis IV. The latter was elected King ofGermany in 1314. After John I’s death in 1340, Louis IVunified the Bavarian duchy.The dukes of Upper Bavaria served also as Counts Palati-nate of the Rhine. In 1329 Louis IV released the Palati-nate of the Rhine including the Bavarian Upper Palatinateto the sons of Rudolf I. The Upper Palatinate would bereunited with Bavaria in 1623, the Lower Palatinate in1777.
1.6.2 Second partition 1349–1503
From 1349 until 1503 the second partition of Bavariatook place. In 1349, the six sons of Louis IV partitionedBavaria into Upper and Lower Bavaria again. In 1353,Lower Bavaria was partitioned into Bavaria-Landshut andBavaria-Straubing. Upper Bavaria was partitioned be-tween Bavaria-Straubing and Bavaria-Landshut in 1363.After the death of Stephan II in 1392, Bavaria-Landshutwas broken into three duchies, John II, Duke of Bavariagained Bavaria-Munich, Frederick, Duke of Bavaria-Landshut received a smaller Bavaria-Landshut, and inBavaria-Ingolstadt ruled Stephen III, Duke of Bavaria.Following the Landshut War (1503–1505), the Duke ofBavaria-Munich Albert IV the Wise became ruler ofBavaria. In 1506 Albert decreed that the duchy shouldpass according to the rules of primogeniture.In 1623 Maximilian I was granted the title Prince-elector(German: Kurfürst) of the Rhenish Palatinate in 1623.
1.6.3 Kings of Bavaria, 1806–1918
Main article: King of Bavaria
In 1805 under the Peace of Pressburg between theNapoleonic France and the Holy Roman Empire severalduchies were elevated to kingdoms. The Wittelsbachrulers of Bavaria held the title King of Bavaria from 1806until 1918. The prince-elector of Bavaria, Maximilian IVJoseph formally assumed the title King Maximilian I ofBavaria on 1 January 1806. The well-known so calledMärchenkönig (Fairy tale king) Ludwig II constructedNeuschwanstein Castle, Herrenchiemsee, and LinderhofPalace during his reign (1864–1886), bankrupting thecountry in the process. In 1918 Ludwig III lost his thronein the German Revolution of 1918–1919.
1.7 Post-monarchy
Main article: List of Ministers-President of Bavaria
In 1918 — at the end of the First World War in theGerman Revolution of 1918–1919 Bavaria became a
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democratic republic in the Weimar Republic; the namefor the period of Germany from 1919 to 1933. Sincethen the rulers of Bavaria are minister presidents.
2 Table of rulers
Agilolfing dynasty Carolingian dynasty Luitpolding dy-nasty Ottonian dynasty Salian dynasty Houses of Welfand Babenberg Wittelsbach dynasty
2.1 Ducal Bavaria
2.2 Carolingian Bavaria and Dominionfrom the Holy Roman Empire
2.3 Ducal Bavaria
2.4 Duchy of Bavaria
Further information: Duchy of Bavaria
2.5 Electorate of Bavaria
Further information: Electorate of Bavaria
2.6 Kingdom of Bavaria
Further information: Kingdom of Bavaria
For later rulers, see List of Ministers-President ofBavaria.
3 References[1] Paul the Deacon (1907), History of the Langobards (His-
toria Langobardorum), William Dudley Foulke, trans.(Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania), III, x, callshim “king of the Bavarians”. The mid-thirteenth-centurySeries DucumBavariæ calls himGaribaldus rex, see FMG.
[2] King, Greg (1996), The Mad King: The Life and Times ofLudwig II of Bavaria., ISBN 978-1-55972-362-6
4 External links• Media related to Dukes of Bavaria at WikimediaCommons
• Media related to Kings of Bavaria at WikimediaCommons
4 5 TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES
5 Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses
5.1 Text• List of rulers of Bavaria Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Bavaria?oldid=684572521 Contributors: Olivier,
Mahjongg, Gabbe, Muriel Gottrop~enwiki, John K, Richard Avery, Adam Bishop, Topbanana, Wetman, Chl, Eugene van der Pijll, Ro-manm, Der Eberswalder, Andromeda~enwiki, Ferkelparade, Gdr, Quadell, Piotrus, Känsterle~enwiki, Engleman, D6, Rich Farmbrough,Ahkond, Indrian, Hurricane111, Imars, Robotje, Viriditas, Martg76, Mcferran, Woohookitty, Ianweller, Ketiltrout, Koavf, Gryffindor,Olessi, FlaBot, Naraht, Kmorozov, Str1977, Choess, Gdrbot, Roboto de Ajvol, YurikBot, TexasAndroid, RussBot, Kauffner, Hydrar-gyrum, NawlinWiki, Kisch, Odejea, Carbidfischer, Daanschr, Stijn Calle, Sardanaphalus, SmackBot, Branlon, Yopie, Srnec, Jeff5102,GoodDay, Rrburke, Gogafax, -Ilhador-, RandomCritic, Razr, Adam sk, Michaelsanders, Thijs!bot, Barticus88, Cladeal832, F McGady,Mdotley, Arnaudls, JAnDbot, CommonsDelinker, DrKiernan, Trasamundo, TXiKiBoT, Ipankonin, Alex Middleton, Lucasbfrbot, An-chor Link Bot, Baeda735, De728631, Auntof6, Gennarous, EstherLois, Sunquanliangxiuhao, Kujy, FactStraight, Addbot, Sebastian scha.,Numbo3-bot, CountryBot, Fryed-peach, Legobot, Luckas-bot, Yobot, Daaviiid, The Emperor’s New Spy, AnomieBOT, LlywelynII, Ser-ban Marin, Omnipaedista, RibotBOT, Mattis, FrescoBot, LittleWink, Greg Pandatshang, LouisPhilippeCharles, Eurulers, Dewritech, Xi-naNicole, Sundostund, Δ, Oursana, Kvz65, MerlIwBot, Harsimaja, JWULTRABLIZZARD, Bibliographe, Marcocapelle, Mhmrodrigues,BattyBot, Plinganser, The Jim Kidd, Phaze of Ages and Anonymous: 80
5.2 Images• File:3_sons_of_Louis_the_German.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/3_sons_of_Louis_the_
German.jpg License: Public domain Contributors: Grandes Chroniques de France, Paris, BnF, département des Manuscrits. Transferedfrom En: wikipedia Original artist: Different authors
• File:Albert4.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/28/Albert4.jpg License: CC-BY-SA-3.0 Contributors: ?Original artist: ?
• File:Albert_de_Bavière.png Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6b/Albert_de_Bavi%C3%A8re.png License:Public domain Contributors: ? Original artist: ?
• File:Albrecht_V_Bayern_Jugendbild.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/de/Albrecht_V_Bayern_Jugendbild.jpg License: Public domain Contributors: ? Original artist: Hans Mielich (1516–1573)
• File:Arnulf_Bavor.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d5/Arnulf_Bavor.jpg License: CC BY 3.0 Contrib-utors: Own work Original artist: Acoma
• File:Ausschnitt_Codex_Balduini_Trevi.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a8/Ausschnitt_Codex_Balduini_Trevi.jpg License: Public domain Contributors: drawing on parchment from 1341; today at public main federal state record officein Koblenz, Germany. Original artist: ?
• File:Banner_of_Baden_(3\char"005E\relax{}2).svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3f/Banner_of_Baden_%283%5E2%29.svg License: Public domain Contributors: Coat of arms of Baden Original artist: Sir Iain
• File:Banner_of_the_Electorate_of_Mainz.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/07/Banner_of_the_Electorate_of_Mainz.svg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Worldstatesmen (German States F-M) and Flags of the World (Mainz)Original artist: User:Sodacan, wheel from File:Coat of Arms of Ernest August, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (1661-1692).svg
• File:Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_with_haloes_(1400-1806).svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f6/Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_with_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Ownwork Original artist: David Liuzzo, eagle by N3MO
• File:Bayern_Wappen.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Bayern_Wappen.svg License: Public domainContributors:
• Based on File:Coat of arms of Bavaria.svg on Wikimedia Commons Original artist: Der Freistaat Bayern / State of Bavaria (1st versionDavid Liuzzo)
• File:Black_St_George’{}s_Cross.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/54/Black_St_George%27s_Cross.svg License: Public domain Contributors: Flags of the WorldOriginal artist: Laurens
• File:Charles_the_Fat.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/58/Charles_the_Fat.jpg License: Public domainContributors: ? Original artist: ?
• File:Christoph_Amberger_-_Louis_X,_Duke_of_Bavaria_-_Kunsthistorisches_Museum.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7a/Christoph_Amberger_-_Louis_X%2C_Duke_of_Bavaria_-_Kunsthistorisches_Museum.jpg License:Public domain Contributors: [1] Original artist: Christoph Amberger
• File:DH-Wilhelm_von_Bayern.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cd/DH-Wilhelm_von_Bayern.jpg Li-cense: Public domain Contributors: eingescannt aus: Hansmartin-Decker-Hauff: Frauen im Hause Württemberg, Leinfelden-Echterdingen,1997, ISBN 3-87181-390-7, S. 67 Original artist: Hans Wertinger
• File:Die_deutschen_Kaiser_Arnulph.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b6/Die_deutschen_Kaiser_Arnulph.jpg License: Public domain Contributors: ? Original artist: ?
• File:Die_deutschen_Kaiser_Ludwig_das_Kind.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ad/Die_deutschen_Kaiser_Ludwig_das_Kind.jpg License: Public domain Contributors: ? Original artist: ?
• File:Die_deutschen_Kaiser_Ludwig_der_Deutsche.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/eb/Die_deutschen_Kaiser_Ludwig_der_Deutsche.jpg License: Public domain Contributors: ? Original artist: ?
• File:Fahne_Kurbayern.gif Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0b/Fahne_Kurbayern.gif License: CC BY 2.5Contributors: ? Original artist: ?
5.2 Images 5
• File:Ferdinand_Maria_of_Bavaria.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/89/Ferdinand_Maria_of_Bavaria.jpg License: Public domain Contributors: here Original artist: Paul Mignard (1641-1691)
• File:Flag_of_Bohemia.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b1/Flag_of_Bohemia.svg License: Public do-main Contributors: ? Original artist: ?
• File:Flag_of_Brandenburg_(1660–1750).svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/Flag_of_Brandenburg_%281660%E2%80%931750%29.svg License: Public domain Contributors: Own work. based upon [1] Original artist: TRAJAN 117
• File:Flag_of_Electoral_Saxony.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/44/Flag_of_Electoral_Saxony.svg Li-cense: Public domain Contributors: Own work Original artist: Sir Iain, crancelin by User:Sodacan from File:Arms of Albert of Saxe-Coburgand Gotha.svg.
• File:Flag_of_Hanover_(1692).svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3b/Flag_of_Hanover_%281692%29.svg License: CC BY-SA 2.5 Contributors: This vector image was created with Inkscape. Original artist: Oren neu dag
• File:Flag_of_Hesse.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/Flag_of_Hesse.svg License: Public domain Con-tributors: ? Original artist: ?
• File:Flag_of_Regensburg.png Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f5/Flag_of_Regensburg.png License: Publicdomain Contributors: Own work Original artist: Zebra848
• File:Flag_of_Salzburg.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1a/Flag_of_Salzburg.svg License: Public do-main Contributors: ? Original artist: ?
• File:Flag_of_The_Electoral_Palatinate_(1604).svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/15/Flag_of_The_Electoral_Palatinate_%281604%29.svg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Sir Iain, inspiration fromUser:Sodacan
• File:Flag_of_the_Grandduchy_of_Wurzburg.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/92/Flag_of_the_Grandduchy_of_Wurzburg.svg License: Public domain Contributors: ? Original artist: Sir Iain
• File:Fürstenfeldbruck-Klosterkirche_8.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/67/F%C3%BCrstenfeldbruck-Klosterkirche_8.jpg License: CC-BY-SA-3.0 Contributors: No machine-readable source provided. Own workassumed (based on copyright claims). Original artist: No machine-readable author provided. Dark Avenger~commonswiki assumed (basedon copyright claims).
• File:George_Desmarées_002.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/George_Desmar%C3%A9es_002.jpgLicense: Public domain Contributors: [1] Original artist: Workshop of Georg Desmarées
• File:George_the_Rich_of_bavaria.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/72/George_the_Rich_of_bavaria.jpg License: Public domain Contributors: ? Original artist: ?
• File:Guillaume_III_de_Hainaut.png Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f0/Guillaume_III_de_Hainaut.pngLicense: Public domain Contributors: ? Original artist: ?
• File:Guillaume_IV_de_Hainaut.png Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/60/Guillaume_IV_de_Hainaut.pngLicense: Public domain Contributors: ? Original artist: ?
• File:Heinrich_4_g.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7b/Heinrich_4_g.jpg License: Public domain Con-tributors: ? Original artist: ?
• File:Heinrich_III._(HRR)_Miniatur.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c7/Heinrich_III._%28HRR%29_Miniatur.jpg License: Public domain Contributors: Stefan Weinfurter, Hagen Keller, Franz-Reiner Erkens, Rudolf Schieffer, Man-fred Balzer, Hermann Kamp, Matthias Becher, Werner Best, Matthias Hardt, Stefan Samerski (2009) Für Königtum und Himmelreich:1000 Jahre Bischof Meinwerk von Paderborn (1st ed.), Regensburg: Schnell & Steiner, p. 153 ISBN: 3795421527. Original artist: Unknown
• File:Heinrich_XVI..jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2e/Heinrich_XVI..jpg License: Public domainContributors: http://www.royaltyguide.nl/families/wittelsbach/bavariakurfursten1.htm Original artist: Unknown
• File:Heinrich_von_Bayern.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4a/Heinrich_von_Bayern.jpg License:Public domain Contributors: Geschichte der Siegel Original artist: Gustav Adelbert Seyler
• File:Henry_I,_Duke_of_Bavaria.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/38/Henry_I%2C_Duke_of_Bavaria.jpg License: Public domain Contributors: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:StammtafelOttonen0002.jpg Original artist:Anonymous
• File:Henry_II,_Duke_of_Austria.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b3/Henry_II%2C_Duke_of_Austria.jpg License: CC BY 3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: User:Acoma
• File:Henry_II,_Duke_of_Bavaria.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/57/Henry_II%2C_Duke_of_Bavaria.jpg License: Public domain Contributors: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:StammtafelOttonen0002.jpg Original artist:Anonymous
• File:Henry_the_Proud.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/45/Henry_the_Proud.jpg License: Public do-main Contributors: en: wikipedia Original artist: Unknown
• File:Image-Charlemagne-by-Durer.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a4/Charlemagne-by-Durer.jpgLicense: Public domain Contributors: The Yorck Project: 10.000 Meisterwerke der Malerei. DVD-ROM, 2002. ISBN 3936122202.Distributed by DIRECTMEDIA Publishing GmbH. Original artist: Albrecht Dürer
• File:Jakobaa.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/48/Jakobaa.jpg License: Public domain Contributors: http://groups.msn.com/PalaceWittelsbach/otherwittelsbachrulers1.msnw Original artist: Jan Mostaert (circa 1475-1552/1553)
• File:Jaumann_Albrecht_Wilhelm.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0f/Jaumann_Albrecht_Wilhelm.jpg License: Public domain Contributors: Arthur Achleitner, Bayern, wie es war und ist, 2. Auflage, 2. Band, Zweibrücken 1900, S.22. Original artist: R. A. Jaumann
6 5 TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES
• File:Jaumann_Ernst_Rat.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/Jaumann_Ernst_Rat.jpg License: Publicdomain Contributors: Arthur Achleitner, Bayern, wie es war und ist, 2. Auflage, 2. Band, Zweibrücken 1900, S. 44. Original artist: R. A.Jaumann
• File:Jindra9_welf.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/62/Jindra9_welf.jpg License: Public domainContrib-utors: http://www.welfen.de/HeinrSchw.JPG Original artist: Anonymous
• File:Joachim_von_Sandrart_-_Maximilian_I,_Elector_of_Bavaria.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/69/Joachim_von_Sandrart_-_Maximilian_I%2C_Elector_of_Bavaria.jpg License: Public domain Contributors: bilddatenbank.khm.atOriginal artist: Joachim von Sandrart
• File:John_III_Duke_of_Bavaria-Straubing.png Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e4/John_III_Duke_of_Bavaria-Straubing.png License: Public domain Contributors: Uni Mannheim Original artist: Vosmeer, Michiel
• File:Joseph_Vivien_001.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Joseph_Vivien_001.jpg License: Pub-lic domain Contributors: Web Gallery of Art: <a href='http://www.wga.hu/art/v/vivien/maximili.jpg' data-x-rel='nofollow'><imgalt='Inkscape.svg' src='https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Inkscape.svg/20px-Inkscape.svg.png' width='20'height='20' srcset='https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Inkscape.svg/30px-Inkscape.svg.png 1.5x,https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Inkscape.svg/40px-Inkscape.svg.png 2x' data-file-width='60' data-file-height='60' /></a> Image <a href='http://www.wga.hu/html/v/vivien/maximili.html' data-x-rel='nofollow'><img alt='Information icon.svg'src='https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Information_icon.svg/20px-Information_icon.svg.png' width='20'height='20' srcset='https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Information_icon.svg/30px-Information_icon.svg.png1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Information_icon.svg/40px-Information_icon.svg.png 2x' data-file-width='620' data-file-height='620' /></a> Info about artwork Original artist: Joseph Vivien
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• File:Kurfürst_Karl_Theodor_(Bayern).jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9d/Kurf%C3%BCrst_Karl_Theodor_%28Bayern%29.jpg License: Public domain Contributors: Sammelleidenschaft, Mäzenatentum und Kunstförderung. Kostbarkeitenaus dem Museum für Kunst-, Stadt- und Theatergeschichte im Reiß-Museum der Stadt Mannheim, ISBN 3-89466-039-2 - Gallery: Reiss-Engelhorn-Museen, Mannheim Original artist: Anna Dorothea Lisiewska-Therbusch
• File:Leopold_IV,_Duke_of_Bavaria.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6d/Leopold_IV%2C_Duke_of_Bavaria.jpg License: CC BY 3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: User:Acoma
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• File:LodewijkIIIBeieren.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3e/LodewijkIIIBeieren.jpg License: Publicdomain Contributors: http://www.uni-regensburg.de/ , aus: Schad, Martha, Bayerns Königshaus. Die Familiengeschichte der Wittelsbacherin Bildern, Regensburg 1994, S. 181. Original artist: Unknown
• File:Lothar_I.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fb/Lothar_I.jpg License: Public domain Contributors: ?Original artist: ?
• File:Louis_VI_the_Roman.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/83/Louis_VI_the_Roman.jpg License:Public domain Contributors: Geschichte der Siegel Original artist: Gustav Adelbert Seyler
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