List of realized laboratory exercises• Radiation detection • Alpha spectroscopy• Gamma spectroscopy with scitillation detectors (NaI, CsI)• Gamma spectroscopy with HPGe• Range of alpha particles• Gamma-gamma correlations• Mion lifetime I• Mion lifetime II, velocity and angular distributions of cosmic mouns• Rutherford scattering • Compton scattering• Positron annihilation • VDC• Educational PET model• Work in progress (NMR,gamma neutron coincidence detection)• Next steps (Scintillation fibres, Gel-Cherenkov detector)

Contact: bosnar@phy.hr

Radiation detection

Gamma spectroscopy with scintillation detectors NaI(Tl) and CsI(Tl)

List of equipment:Digital oscilloscope, Tektronix TDS 2024BGamma sources (set of gama sources)NaI(Tl) 3”x3” and CsI(Tl) 1”x1”HV, Ortec 556Preamplifier, Ortec 113 Scinitllation preamp.NIM crate, ortec 4001AAmplifier, Canberra 241MCA, Canberra Multiport IIGenie 2000 software for data acquisition and analysis

Topics:Digital oscilloscope, signalsPreamps, amplifiersADC, MCAScintillation detectors for gamma detectionIdentification of different gamma ray reactionmecahnisamsGamma ray energiesResolution of scintillation detectors.

Gamma spectroscopy with HPGe

List of equipment:Digital oscilloscope, Tektronix TDS 2024BGamma sourcesHPGe, DSG systemHV Canberra 3106DAmplifier, Canberra 2026MCA Canberra Multiport IIGenie 2000 software for data acquistionand analysis

Topics:Digital oscilloscope, signalsPreamps, amplifiersADC, MCAHPGe for gamma detectionIdentification of different gamma ray reaction mecahnismsGamma ray energiesResolution of HPGe.

Alpha spectroscopy List of equipment:Vacuum chamber Ortec 807Radioactive sources 244Cm, 241Am, 239PuSi detectors, Micron MSX-1000, MSX-300Preamplifier, Canberra 2004NIM crate, CanberraVoltage supply, Mesytec MHV-4Amplifier, Canberra 241Digital oscilloscope, TDS 2024BVacuum pump, Pfeiffer DUO 5MVacuum-meter, MKSMCA Canberra Multiport IIGenie 2000 software for data acquistion and analysis

Topics:VacuumAlpha decay Semiconductor detectorPreaps, amplifiersNIM standard and signalsDigital oscilloscopeEnergies of alpha particles

Energy loss and range of alpha particles

List of equipment:Vacuum chamber Ortec 807Radioactive sources 244Cm, 241Am, 239PuSi detectors, Micron MSX-1000, MSX-300Preamplifier, Canberra 2004NIM crate, CanberraVoltage supply, Mesytec MHV-4Amplifier, Canberra 241Digital oscilloscope, TDS 2024BVacuum pump, Pfeiffer DUO 5MVacuum-meter, MKSMCA Canberra Multiport IIGenie 2000 software for data acquisition and analysis

Topics:VacuumAlpha decay Semiconductor detectorPreaps, amplifiersNIM standard and signalsDigital oscilloscopeEnergies of alpha particlesEnergy loss and range ofAlpha particles

Mion lifetime I

List of equipment:Digital oscilloscope, Tektronix TDS 2024BPlactic scintillator NE102, PMT X…HV Ortec 556NIM crate Caberra 2100 CFD Ortec CF8000TDC FastComTec 7072,FastComTec MCA-3 and DAQ softwarePAW software

Topics:Cosmic rays and mionsInteraction of charged particles with matterDetection of charged particles with scitillatorCFDTDCMeasurement of muon lifetime

τ =2.2±0.1 µs,

Gamma-gamma correlationsList of equipment:Digital oscilloscope TDS 2024B22Na and 60Co sorcesLSO detectors and XP220URQHV Ortec 556NIM crate, Canberra 2100fADC CAEN N1728Computer and DAQ softwareRoot software

Gamma-gamma correlations

Compton scattering List of equipment:Digital osci, Tektronix TDS 2024B22Na and 137Cs sourcesNaI(Tl) detector, Ø 0.5”NaI(Tl) detector, 3”x3”NIM crate, Canberra 2100HV Ortec 556 ( x2 )fADC CAEN N1728Computer and DAQ software Root software

Positron annihilation List of equipment:

Digital oscilloscope TDS 2024B22Na, 60Co source Vacuum pump BaF2 detetectors, XP2020URQ HV 556 NIM crate Ortec 4001C CFD, Ortec 584CFDD, Ortec 583BCoincidence Phillips 752CAMAC crate, Wiener TDC CAEN C414 ADC CAEN C205A CC16, PC and PC16 card DAQ software PAW

Positron annihilationTopics:Gamma detection with scintillatorsAdjustment of CFD and CFDDCoincidencesCAMAC , TDC and ADCPrecise time measurementsData analysis with PAWPositron and positronium annihilation lifetime

Rutherford scattering

List of equipment:Vacuum chamberVacuum pump, Pfeiffer turbo TSH071 241Am source and collimatorDouble-sided silicon strip detector ( 16 channels, Micron W1)16 channels preamps Mesytec MPR16NIM crate Ortec 4001C HV, Mesytec MHV-4 16 channels amplifier and discriminator Mesytec STM 16CAMAC crate, WienerScaler, 16 channels CAMAC CAEN C275Computer and dana acquistion, linux

Simpler version:Ortec silicon detecorPreamplifier Canberra 2004Amplifier Canberra 241NIM Scaler CAEN N1145

Rutherford cross sectionper target atom

Vertical Drift Chamber List of equipment:VDCHV supply, CAEN N126Preamps + discr.Voltage supplyGas system ScintillatorHV, Ortec 556VME crateDiscriminatorTDC Computer + DAQ (linux)PAW

VDC - assembling

Two diploma thesis:Scintillation detectorVDC plates

Software

Cosmic mions: lifetime, velocity and angular distribution List of equipment:

Digital oscilloscope TDS 2024BTwo plastic scintillation detectorsHV, Ortec 556 ( x2)NIM crate Ortec 4001ACFD, Ortec CF8000Coincidence, LeCroyTDC FastComTec 7072,FastComTec MCA-3 and DAQ softwarePAW software

List of equipment ( muon angulardistribution):Plastic scintillators + holderHV, Ortec 556HCFD, Ortec CF8000Scaler, CAEN N1145,TDC FastComTec 7072,

Velocity and angular distribution of cosmic muons

Mion public –WYP2005Time dilatation

Future:Rutherford scatteringPositrons

Work in progress: NMRNeutron – gama coincidence

• Scintillation fibres• Gel Cherenkov detector

Next steps

Educational PET modelPET principles:

AnnihilationDetectorDetector

AnnihilationDetectorDetector

AnnihilationDetectorDetector

x0 + x x0 – xxx0

x = c t/2

AnnihilationDetectorDetector

x0 + x x0 – xxx0

x = c t/2

ToF PET principles:

IAEA TC CRO4005

Educational PET modelT. Back, J. Cederkall, B. Cederwall, A. Johnson, A. Kerek, W, Klamra, J. van der Marel, J. Molnar, D. Novak, D. Sohler, M. Steen, P. Uhlen: A TOF-PET system for educational purposes, Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A477 (2002) 82

I. Friščić, M. Makek, D. Bosnar, T. Bokulić5th Scientific Meeting of Croatian Physical Society, Primošten, 2007.

Digital signal processing???

Improved time resolution, energy information,three-gamma contribution…

48 BaF2 + XP2020URQ

VME electronics

PET model design (diploma thesis I. Friščić)

Gate simulations:

Imagereconstruction:

PET design:BaF2 detectors

Purchased parts:

Produced parts

Complete BaF2

PET model, BaF2 detector tests

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 16000

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

18000

20000

Broj dogaðaja

Broj kanala

511 keV + 1274,5 keV

511 keV

1274,5 keV

Comptonsko raspršenje

Izmjereni podaci

Energy resolution:

Time resolution:

PET model assembling:holder

PET model, detector testsVME electronics

-90 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -200

50

100

150

200

250

Broj kanala

Broj dogaðaja Izmjereni podaci

Simultaneous time and energy measurements Completion of the detector system Image reconstruction

Praktikum web site

List of equipment