LIQUID PROPULSION

BYSYED MOHAMMAD ZAKRIYA

WHAT IS PROPULSION? Thrust is required to move aircraft or rocket in the air, which is generated by the propulsion system. Thrust is the force which moves aircraft or rocket through the air. Thrust is generated by the propulsion system. Different propulsion systems develop thrust in different ways, but all thrust is generated through some application of Newton's third law of motion. For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. In any propulsion system, a working fluid is accelerated by the system and the reaction to this acceleration produces a force on the system.

WHAT IS LIQUID PROPULSION?• A liquid propulsion is one of the types

of propulsion systems that uses propellants in liquid form.

• The liquid propulsion system differs on the usage of method of propellants. It may like monopropellant, bi-propellants, and tri propellants.

• It consists of fuel and oxidizer. In a liquid rocket, the propellants, the fuel and the oxidizer, are stored separately

• All liquid rocket engines have tankage and pipes to store and transfer propellant, an injector system, a combustion chamber.

HISTORY OF LIQUID PROPULSION

• In 1898,a Russian school Teacher, Konstantin

Tsiolkovsky(1857–1935), proposed the idea of space

exploration by rocket. •In a report he published

in 1903, Tsiolkovsky suggested the use of liquid propellants for rockets in order to achieve greater

range. •Early in the 20th century,

an American, Robert H. Goddard (1882–1945),

conducted practical experiments in rocketry.

Robert H Goddard

APPLING LIQUID PROPULSION TO ROCKET ENGINE:• Liquids are desirable because their reasonably high density

allows the volume of the propellant tanks to be relatively low.• and it is possible to use lightweight

centrifugal turbopumps to pump the propellant from the tanks into the combustion chamber.

• which means that the propellants can be kept under low pressure.

• ROCKET EQUATION

• ADVANTAGES OF LIQUID PROPULSION IN ROCKETS AND MISSILES.

• The moments can be directly controlled, and the aerodynamic forces can be balanced easily.

• Liquid propulsion has high specific impulse when compared to solid propulsion.

• The direction, altitude of the missile can be changed by this.

• For missiles an additional nozzles (four nozzles which are at equal angles) at the middle of the missile are used by which the altitude, direction and moments are controlled,

• Not only this an advance feature of this system is if two alternate middle nozzles are opened at the same time then the moment of the missile will be in the resultant direction horizontal. By which the target can be chased laterally by the missile.

• Liquid propulsion rockets have many advantages over solid propulsion systems.

• Control the amount of thrust by regulating the flow of the fuel and oxidizer to the combustion chamber.

• Stop and restart the engines by simply stopping the flow of fuel.

• The system can turn on and off infinite of times, where a solid system cannot.

LIQUID PROPULSION IN INDIA• India has the largest government space

agency (ISRO) in the world. • India is more advanced in liquid propulsion.• There are two liquid propulsion centers in India.• Some of the liquid propellants missiles of India

are PRITHVI-1, PRITHVI-2, DHANUSH

USING OF GREEN PROPELLANTS TO REDUCE POLLUTION.

• The interaction of propellant exhaust with the atmosphere. Space-based impacts generally focus on debris and effects on spacecraft. Biological impacts tend to focus on the toxicology and corrosiveness of propellants.

• Today's use of hydrazine fuel for rockets, satellites and spacecraft is pervasive.

• Green propellants include liquid, solid, mono- propellant, which use one fuel source, or bi-propellants, which use two, and hybrids that offer safer handling conditions and lower environmental impact.

• . Ground-based impacts range from groundwater contamination to explosions caused by mishandling of propellants.

SOME DISADVANTAGES.1. Liquid rockets are simple in concept but due

to high temperatures and high speed moving parts, very complex in practice.

2. Propellants have low density so it causes some problems in handling them.

3. The center of mass shifts significantly rearward as the propellant is used; one will typically lose control of the vehicle if its center mass gets too close to the center of drag.

4. Liquid propellants can leak, especially hydrogen, possibly leading to the formation of an explosive mixture.

5. Turbo pumps to pump liquid propellants are complex to design.

• CONCLUSION:1. Liquid propulsion has tremendous

uses when compared to other types of propulsion systems.

2. Liquid propulsion is more reliable.3. So the branch of liquid propulsion

should be developed more and more until the disadvantages are eradicated.

THE END