lipids metabolism - university of pittsburghsuper7/18011-19001/18021.… · ppt file · web...
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Lipids Metabolism
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Prepared by
AKRAM GASMELSID ABDALLA [email protected]
TAN CHEE [email protected]
TEY GIM [email protected]
CHEK YIN [email protected]
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Objectives
• To determine the interrelationship between the lipids intake and human physiology
• To analyze how different individual and gender react to different amount of intake
• To identify the optimal intake to prevent exceeding and shortage of lipids in diet
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Definition of Lipids• Substances in dairy foods• Known as fats and oils• Hydrophobic and soluble in ethanol like
alcohol, petroleum and chloroform• Classified into 2 general types
– Fats and waxes (can be hydrolyzed with ester linkages)
– cholesterol and steroids (cannot be hydrolyzed)
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Type of Lipids• Saturated fat
– Animal oil like meat, milk, butter– Vegetable oil like coconut and palm kernel oil
• Polyunsaturated fat– Plan source like safflower, corn, cottonseed, sunflower
oil and soybean oil• Monounsaturated fat
– Plant and animal product like olive oil, canola oil, avocado and peanut oil
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Lipids Functions• Excellent energy reserves• Structure of cell membranes • Organ padding• Body thermal insulation• Essential fatty acids (EFA)• Hormone synthesis• Fat soluble vitamin absorption
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Lipids Disorder
• Lipids deficiency (Shortage in Lipids intake)
• Lipids exceeding (Overtaking in Lipids intake)
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Lipids Deficiency
• Fat should comprise of 3% of total calories to prevent fatty acid deficiency
• Fatty acid deficiency syndromes– Dry scaly skin, dermatitis (Linoleic acid
deficiency)– Hand tremors (Prostaglandin deficiency)– Inability to control blood pressure
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Lipids Exceeding• Fat should comprise not more than 30%
of total calories to prevent lipids exceeding• To prevent overtaking, we should
consume fat breakdown (% total calories)– <8% from saturated fat– 10% from polyunsaturated fat– 10-15% from monounsaturated fat
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Body Mass Index• Current best single gauge for body fat• BMI =(Weight in Kg)/((Height in cm )(Height
in cm)) X 10,000BMI Weight Status
Below 18.5 Underweight
18.5 – 24.9 Healthy Weight
25.0 – 29.9 Overweight
30.0 and Above Obese
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Health Problems• Energy Intake > Energy needed = Lipids overtaking• Develop medical problem
– Cancer– Heart disease– Diabetes– Obesity– High blood pressure– High blood cholesterol
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Cholesterol• Plant and animal food contain sterols but only
animal food contain cholesterol• Why? Cholesterol is made in the liver and plants
do no have a liver• Cholesterol is needed to make bile, sex hormones,
steroids and vitamin D.• It is the constituent of cell membrane structure• Dietary recommendation - <300 mg/d• Sources – egg yolks, liver, shellfish, organ foods
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Lipoproteins• Low Density Lipoproteins (LDL) – is made by the liver and
is comprised of cholesterol that is delivered to the cells in the body– High levels of LDL is strongly correlated with heart
disease• High Density Lipoproteins (HDL) - made by the liver and
picks up cholesterol from the cells fro recycling or excretion– High levels of HDL is inversely correlated with heart
disease– It is protective
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Blood levels for Lipids
• Total Cholesterol:– <200 mg/dl = desirable– 200-239 mg/dl = borderline hyperlipidemia– >240 mg/dl = hyperlipidemia
• LDL < 130 mg/dl is favorable• HDL > 35 mg/dl is favorable
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Simulator
• Experimentalist & Scientist – to study lipids metabolism
• End Users– To identify the optimal lipids intake in
diet
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Simulation
• Biology + Mathematic + Computer Science = Lipids Metabolism Simulator
Model
Parameters (The lipids metabolism is…)
Measurements
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Compartmental Analysis• Mathematical model system
– Finite number of compartmental that interact by exchanging materials
Qi
qi
ai
Ri0(t)kji (Q, P)
kij (Q, P)
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Prevention of Lipid Disorder• Reduce fat
– Cut down on high fat foods– E.g. butter, margarine, oil, mayonnaise
• Consume small amounts of unsaturated fats– Do not eliminate fat completely since it is
high in calories
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Prevention of Lipid Disorder• Limit added sugar and alcohol
– Added sugar and alcohol are ‘empty calories’• Watch portions of all food
– ‘fat free’ ≠ ‘calorie-free’• Drink at least 8 glasses of water everyday
– Water is calorie-free, refreshing, and filling
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Prevention of Lipid Disorder• Increase intake of vegetables, fruits, and
whole grains– Loaded with fiber– Contain high amounts of vitamins, minerals,
and phytonutrients• Include low-fat protein-rich food with
every meal– E.g. tofu, beans, eggs, and fish
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Prevention of Lipid Disorder
• Slow down when eating– Too fast eating will exceed calorie
needs before realizing we are full