LipidRevision

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Hydrocarbon

H H H H H H H H H H H O H-C – C – C – C – C – C – C – C – C – C – C – C – OH H H H H H H H H H H H

OC –OH

Fatty acids = Hydrocarbon + carboxyl group

1. What is this structureFatty Acid

2. What is it composed of ?Hydrocarbon and carboxyl group

Carboxyl group

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H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H O H – C – C – C – C – C – C – C – C – C – C – C – C – C - C – C – C – OH H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H

1. Give a name for this fatty acidPalmitic acid

2. What type of fatty acid is this?

Saturated

3. Draw the structure of oleic acid H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H O H – C – C – C – C – C – C – C – C – C = C – C – C – C – C – C – C – C – C – OH H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H 3

H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H O H – C – C – C – C – C – C – C – C – C – C – C – C – C - C – C – C – OH H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H

1. Give another way how the above fatty acid can be written

CH3(CH2)14COOH H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H O H – C – C – C – C – C – C – C – C – C = C – C – C – C – C – C – C – C – C – OH H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H

1. Give another way how the above fatty acid can be written

CH3(CH2)7CH=CH(CH2)7COOH 4

O RC – OH

If the general formula for a fatty acid is, what is R equal to?

- R = a hydrocarbon group

H H– C – OH H– C – OH H– C – OH H

1. What is this compound?Glycerol/trihydroxy alcohol

2. Circle the hydroxyl group

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H H– C – OH H– C – OH H– C – OH H

O RC – OH

Form an ester linkage between the top C of glycerol and the fatty acid

H O H– C – O – C – R H– C – OH H– C – OH H

What is the name of the product?Monoacyglycerol

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H H– C – OH H– C – OH H– C – OH H

O RC – OH

Form an ester linkage between the top C of glycerol and the fatty acid

H H– C –OH H– C –OH H– C –OH H

What is the name of the product?Monoacyglycerol

O ll- C-R

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Similarly, form ester linkages with the remaining C’s of glycerol and two more molecules of fatty acids

H O H– C – O – C – R O H– C – O – C – R O

H– C – O – C – R H

What is the name of the product?Triacyglycerol

You have just constructed a lipid!!!!

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H H– C – O – H H– C – O – H

H– C – O – H H

O O – C – C17H33

O O – C – C17H33

Draw the structure of a lipid composed of and glycerol

O C17H33C – OH

O O – C – C17H33

What is the name of this lipid?

Tristearin

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A lipid is

H O H– C – O – C – C17H33

O H– C – O – C – C17H33 O

H– C – O – C – C17H33 H

Hydrocarbon

Hydrocarbon

Hydrocarbon

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PHOSPHOLIPIDS1. What is another name for phospholipids?

Phosphoglycerides /Phosphoglycerol

2. What are the components of phospholipids?a. Glycerolb. 2 fatty acidsc. Phosphated. alcohol

3. Draw the structures of the components of phospholipids. H H– C – OH H– C – OH H– C – OH H

O RC – OH

O – P – O-

O

– OH

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H H– C – O – H H– C – O – H

H– C – O – H H

O – C – R

O – C – R

O – P – O-

O

What is this compound?Phosphatidic Acid

How do you draw the structure of a phospholipid?

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H H– C – O – H H– C – O – H

H– C – O – H H

O – C – R O – C – R O – P – O-

O

Phosphatidic Acid

Phosphoglyceride/Phospholipids/phosphoglycerol

- R

How do you form a phospholilpid?

What is R? Glycerol or other alcohols

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Phosphoglycerol = Phosphoglyceride

Glycerol @ other alcohols

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CHCH(CH2)12CH3

CHOH CH NH2

CH2OH

H2C OH H2COH H2C OH

Sphingosine Glycerol

SPHINGOLIPID

1. What is the main structure for sphingolipid?Sphingosine

2. Draw the structure of sphingosine

3. Draw the structure of glycerol and compare between the two

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O ּוּו C - R

CHCH(CH2)12CH3

CH OH CH NH2

CH2 OH

SPHINGOLIPID

1. What are the functional groups in sphingosine?a. Hydroxyl (OH)b. Amino (NH2)

2. What do you get if you add fatty acid?Ceramide which is a sphingolipid

Fatty acid

CERAMIDE 16

CHCH(CH2)12CH3

CHOH

CHNH2

CH2 OH

CHCH(CH2)12CH3

CHOH O llCHNHCR CH2 OH SPHINGOSINE CERAMIDE

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CHCH(CH2)12CH3

CHOH O llCHNHCR

CH2 OH

CHCH(CH2)12CH3

CHOH O llCHNHCR O llCH2 OPOCH2CH2N(CH3)3

Ι O

CERAMIDE SPHINGOMYELIN18

1. Draw the basic ring structure of steroid nucleus2. What is it called?

Perhydrocyclopentanophenanthrene

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1. What is the difference between steroid and sterolA sterol has one or more OH groups

2. Give an example of sterolCholesterol

OH

CH3

CH3lCHCH2CH2CH2CHCH3 l CH3

SteroidSterol

Cholesterol(C27 H46O )

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