Lipid Linebackers: Tackling Diabetes One Fatty Acid at a Time

Kayla Johansen and Tiffany SweetIntroduction to Engineering and Design

April 2013

Nanotechnology: Tiny but Mighty

What is it?

• Molecular scale• Bottom-up• Atomic precision• Molecular manufacturing• Personal nanofactories• Richard Feynman “I want to build a billion tiny factories, models of

each other, which are manufacturing simultaneously.” –Robert Feynman

Bottom Up Philosophy

• Building up• Not cutting down• Allows for smaller items• Layer by layer• Atom by atom• Like construction of a house• 3D printer

Just How Small is This?

• Unseen• Fingernail growth in one second• Eyelash=9,000,000 nm

Where’s it Being Used?

• Medicine• Sunscreen• Tennis rackets• Cell phones• Frying pans• Computers• TV screens

Limitations Without Nanotechnology

• Top-down method• Size limits• Light wavesNow you can….• Build up• Atom by atom• Smaller than microscopic

Nanoparticles

• Less than 100 nm• Transmission electron microscope• Magnifies 1,000,000 times• Mechanochemistry• Vacuums• Comparable to enzymes

Problems

• Bad-natured uses• Grey goo• Another “Cold War”• Disruption of economy• Damage to environment• Black market trade

My Definition• Revolutionary tactic• Innovative• Divergent thinking• Smaller than small• World-changing• Life-changing• Atom-based

• Spin on chemistry• Build, not cut• Countless benefits• Lots of issues• Monitoring needed

WOW!

How Could it Impact my Lifestyle?

• Convenience– Cheaper computers– Better processors

• Improved medicines– Improved research– Faster diagnostics

• Improved health– Less pollution– Solar energy

Nanotechnology is on the Horizon!

BE PREPARED FOR AWESOMENESS!“The principles of physics, as far as I can see, do not speak against the possibility of maneuvering things atom by atom.”

~Richard Feynman

“It is something, in principle, that can be done, but in practice, it has not been done because we are too big.”

~Richard Feynman

Diabetes: The Mount Everest of the Medical World

An Introduction

• Type 1 or Type 2• High glucose• Low insulin• Lots of people affected

Effects

• Eye damage• Kidney damage• Nerve damage

Treatments

• Type 1: 1-4 injections of insulin per day• Type 2: several insulin injections per day

Specific Problem for Those with Type 2

• Lipid build up• Heart malfunction• Domino effect

Lipid Linebackers: How Nanotechnology is Going to Tackle Diabetes One Lipid at a Time

Grand Challenge- Engineering Better Medicines

• Personalized• Monitors individual needs• Not generalized• Prevents some major diabetes’ problems

Journey Through a Vein

• Inserted in thigh• Travels through vein• Lodges in capillary bed in spleen• Detects oxygen• Begins detecting fatty acids

And Down to the Stomach…

• Hops on artery• Travels to stomach and surrounding area• Deposits fatty acid• Travels back to spleen

The Design

The Design Continued

Design With Parts Labeled

The Main Body

The Fin

The Attachment

The Claw

The Latch

All Together Now

Now for Marketing

• Ceramic tile• Surface area: 13.5 square centimeters• Cheap • Non-porous

Production Phases

• Supplier: RAK Ceramics for tile and Biophan for actual nanobot

• Manufacturer: Biophan• Distributor: Hospitals • No wholesaler or retailer• Consumer: Patient

Overall Impact

• Prevents major problems• Improves health• Helps large number of people

“My own judgment is that the nanotechnology revolution has the potential to change America on a scale equal to, if not greater than, the computer revolution.”

~ U.S. Senator Ron Wyden

Works Cited• Hagberg CE (2012 Oct 18). Targeting VEGF-B as a novel treatment for insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Retrieved from

http://www.ncbl.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/23023133/.• KidsHealth. (2010, August). When Blood Sugar is Too High. “KidsHealth”.org. Retrieved March 19, 2013, from

m.kidshealth.org/teen/diabetes_c/basics/high_blood_sugar.html• What is nanotechnology. (n.d.). Retrieved from www.crnano.org/whatis.htm• Size of the nanoscale. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.nano.gov/nanotech-101/what/nano-size• Where is nanotechnology used. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.which.co.uk/campaigns/technology/what-you-need-to-know-

about-nanotechnology/where-is-nanotechnology-used/• Nanotechnology basics: for students and other learners. (n.d.). Retrieved from www.crnano.org/basics.htm• Hochella, M. (2007, June 14). How do we "see" and study nanoparticles in the clark fork river. Retrieved from Pulseplanet.com/sci-

diaries/sd_hochella/how-do-we-see-and-study-nanoparticles-in-the-clark-fork-river/• Nanotechnology: dangers of molecular manufacturing. (n.d.). Retrieved from www.crnano.org/dangers.htm• Nanotechnology: benefits of molecular manufacturing. (n.d.). Retrieved from www.crnano.org/benefits.htm• Maher. E. (2012, October 3). Blue light effected technology Backgrounds. PPT-Backgrounds. Retrieved April 25, 2013, from http://

www.ppt-backgrounds.net/powerpoint/878-blue-light-effected-technology-backgrounds.• Maher. E. (2012, October 1). Modern Tech Effect Presentation Backgrounds. PPT-Backgrounds. Retrieved April 25, 2013, from

http://www.ppt-backgrounds.net/technology/819-modern-tech-effect-presentation-backgrounds.• Rak Ceramics retains No.1 ranking as the world’s largest ceramic tile manufacturer. RAK Ceramics. Retrieved May 1, 2013, from

www.rakceramics.com/pressrelease65.php# • Company Overview. Biophan Technologies, Inc. Retrieved May 1, 2013, from

www.biophan.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=31&Itemid=212 • Diabetes Myths. American Diabetes Association. Retrieved May 6, 2013, from

www.diabetes.org/diabetes-basics/diabetes-myths/?loc=DropDownDB-mywths • Ledbetter, C. (2013, September). Biomolecules.