linux basics prepared by: eng. amr abdelfatah eng. amr abdelfatah - linux basics
TRANSCRIPT
Linux BasicsPrepared By: Eng. Amr AbdelFatah
En
g.
Am
r A
bd
elF
ata
h -
Lin
ux
Ba
sics
Roadmap• What is Unix?• What is Linux?• Which Linux Distribution is better?• Basic Commands
• List files• Change directory• Create directory• Create file• Move directory or file
En
g.
Am
r A
bd
elF
ata
h -
Lin
ux
Ba
sics
What is Unix?• A multi-task and multi-user Operating System• Developed in 1969 at AT&T’s Bell Labs by
• Ken Thompson (Unix)• Dennis Ritchie (C)• Douglas Mcllroy (Pipes - Do one thing, do it well)
• Some other variants: System V, Solaris, SCO Unix, SunOS, 4.4BSD, FreeBSD, NetBSD, OpenBSD, BSDI
En
g.
Am
r A
bd
elF
ata
h -
Lin
ux
Ba
sics
What is Linux?• A clone of Unix• Developed in 1991 by Linus Torvalds, a Finnish
graduate student• Inspired by and replacement of Minix• Linus' Minix became Linux• Consist of
• Linux Kernel• GNU (GNU is Not Unix) Software• Software Package management• Others
En
g.
Am
r A
bd
elF
ata
h -
Lin
ux
Ba
sics
What is Linux?• Originally developed
for 32-bit x86-based PC
• Ported to other architectures, eg.• Alpha, VAX, PowerPC,
IBM S/390, MIPS, IA-64• PS2, TiVo, cellphones,
watches, Nokia N810, NDS, routers, NAS, GPS, …
En
g.
Am
r A
bd
elF
ata
h -
Lin
ux
Ba
sics
* See references at the end for the corresponding websites.
Linux based smartphone • http://www.howtogeek.com/192478/6-upcoming-linux-
based-smartphone-operating-systems-that-arent-android/
En
g.
Am
r A
bd
elF
ata
h -
Lin
ux
Ba
sics
Which Linux Distribution is better?
• > 300 Linux Distributions• Slackware (one of the oldest, simple and stable distro.)• Redhat
• RHEL (commercially support)• Fedora (free)
• CentOS (free RHEL, based in England)• SuSe ( based in German)• Gentoo (Source code based)• Debian (one of the few called GNU/Linux)• Ubuntu (based in South Africa)• Knoppix (first LiveCD distro.)• …
En
g.
Am
r A
bd
elF
ata
h -
Lin
ux
Ba
sics
Which Linux Distribution is better?
En
g.
Am
r A
bd
elF
ata
h -
Lin
ux
Ba
sics
Source:http://futurist.se/gldt/
CentOS
Ubuntu
Knoppix
GentooSlackware
Redhat
Debian
Navigation• List the files in a directory
• ls• Change directory
• cd directory_name• On Unix-like operating systems the current directory is
represented by a single dot and its parent directory (i.e., the directory that contains it) is represented by two consecutive dots. Thus, it is possible (and often convenient) to change to the parent of the current directory by using the following: • cd .. E
ng
. A
mr
Ab
de
lFa
tah
- L
inu
x B
asi
cs
Directory and file operations• Create a new directory
• mkdir mydir1 • Create a new file in a directory
• cd mydir1• nano file1.txt
• Copy a file• cp file1.txt file1_copy.txt
• Delete a file or directory• rm file1_copy.txt • rm -r folder1
En
g.
Am
r A
bd
elF
ata
h -
Lin
ux
Ba
sics
Directory and file operations• Rename a file or folder
• mv file1.txt file12.txt• mv folder1 folder2
• Move file from one folder to another• mv folder1/file1.txt folder2
En
g.
Am
r A
bd
elF
ata
h -
Lin
ux
Ba
sics
References• WeeSan Lee powerpoint<[email protected]>
http://alumni.cs.ucr.edu/~weesan/cs183/01_linux_basics.ppt• Linux Distribution
•http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_distribution•GNU/Linux Distro Timeline: http://futurist.se/gldt/•http://www.distrowatch.com/•http://www.linux.org/dist/
• http://www.linfo.org/index.html
En
g.
Am
r A
bd
elF
ata
h -
Lin
ux
Ba
sics