linkker future moves...total cost of ownership •battery cost ... automated depot ... min cell...
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Intelligent eMobility
[email protected]+358-40-5116260
Intelligent eMobility
LinkView eFleet management
Intelligent eMobility
Mission – Quality of Life in Cities With Intelligent eMobility
Environment Economy Experience
City bus routes ideal for electrification – high consumption, high mileage, fixed route, energy supply available, emission reductions important, passenger attractiveness wanted, multimodal potential (rail & bus), green city image
Intelligent eMobility
Key Challenges for Electric Bus Operation
Operational impact
• Line length
• Energy consumption
• Continuous operation
• Daily mileage
• Time table
• Depot operation
Re-charging concepts
• Depot vs Opportunity
• Charging location
• Charging power
• Charging time vs time table
• Connectivity
• Grid connection & power supply
Total Cost of Ownership
• Battery cost
• CAPEX – bus – drive line –infrastructure
• OPEX – energy – battery replacement – maintenance
• Asset management (bus – battery – depot – infrastructure)
• Technology development
• Standardization
Planning impact
• Infrastructure
• Network coverage
• Operations
• Financial
• Technology
• Construction
• Transition
Intelligent eMobility
Modular energy storage & life time management
+ -
Lower consumption &faster charging
Predictive maintenance Autonomous Vehicle Technology
Passenger Experience
eFleet Management
Vision – Intelligent eMobilityD
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Intelligent eMobility
Linkker 12 performance data
200…500 kmDaily mileage
0.5-0.8 kWh/km consumption
for propulsion
34-43Seats
80-90Passengers
ZeroLocal emission
Battery cost-30% due to
lower consumption
+ -
2-4 min 10-20km autonomy
Autonomy &Time table
24 x 7 operation with 2-4 min re-charging
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Intelligent eMobility
We will partner you all the wayProcess from idea to operation for a city
Validation period System optimization Start of the fleet roll-outVision & strategic decision
101 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 11 12 1 2
Month
PERFORMANCE
• Line profiling
• Time table analysis
• Charging cycle simulation
• Daily mileage and 24 x 7 analysis
AVAILABILITY
• Infrastructure & storage configuration
• Fleet management solutions
• Maintenance strategy
TCO
• Cost driver analysis
• Business driver analysis
• Risk management
• OptimizationDe
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Intelligent eMobility
Intelligent eMobility ArchitectureLinkViewLinkDriveLinkLight
• Full aluminium body and chassis
• Long life time proven technology(70 million km driven)
• 3tn lighter than comparable steelbuses
• Easy assembly construction
• Drive line and vehicle control SW
• Energy efficient and optimizedpower train
• Lightweight energy efficientcomponents
• High efficiency permanentmagnet motor
• LinkControl intelligent vehiclecontrol system
• Performance & fault monitoring (of battery, driveline and auxiliary)
• Components monitored for performance degradation to allow fastproactive response
• eFleet management data, reporting & analytics
• eFleet management applications Battery life time management, charge cycle optimization, energy efficient driving
+ -
• SelfDrive applications
• Sensoring system
• Platooning
• Automated depot
• Automated drive
LinkControl & LinkAuto• Vehicle Control Unit
• Drive by wire system
• Acceleration & Torque control
• Hill stand, anti jolt, anti vibration, wheel slip
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Intelligent eMobility
…Providing TCO Optimized Revenue Generation
Full aluminum body and chassis based on years of R&D
Low investments
• Smaller battery
• Low initial investments
• Low maintenance costs
Safety
• Same strength as steel with less mass
• High local energy absorption ability
• Long structural lifetime
• Easy to repair
Long life cycle
Lightweight constructionLinkLight
Energy optimized drive lineLinkDrive, LinkControl & LinkView
Energy optimized components, control and charging
2
Low charging cost
• Faster charging
• Less energy to be charged
• More buses with same infrastructure
1
Linkker Decreasing lifecycle cost
• Lower energy costs both bus and grid to wheel
• Lower battery maintenance cost
• Lower charger maintenance cost
• Low noise
• Comfort
• Design
• Quality
Allows 24/7 fully electric operation for inner city bus lines…
… with 10-30% lower TCO comparedwith a Diesel Euro 6 bus…
… combined with zero local emissionsand very low noise level
Intelligent control & performance managementLinkControl & LinkView
Monitoring, analytics and performance management
3Reduced depot, driver and fleet management cost
• Vehicle performance management
• Self drive in depot reduces personnel cost in depot
• Platooning reduces driver costs in operation and increases fleet management flexibility
Increasing revenue
Lower OPEX
• High availability
• 24 x 7 operation
• Higher daily mileage
• High capacity (passengers instead of batteries)
Better transportation performance
• Industry shortest re-charge cycles
• Better time table performance with shorter re-charge cycles
• Lower fleet size per drive cycle
• Lower driver cost per re-charging event
Better timetable performance
Passenger & Driver Experience
Intelligent eMobility
Linkker ProductsLinkker electric buses LinkDrive drive line & ultra fast charging
LinkLight chassis and bodyLinkView operational SW
Intelligent eMobility
20152005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2016 2017
Milestones – Developing Competence
Lightweight chassis Electric vehicle eBus benchmark Living Lab Bus
Intelligent eMobility
Linkker eFleet Management
LinkView IoT platform
CAN I/O GW DataLinkLinkControl Security Autom.Vehi.
Performance management Analytics & optimization Active Driver AssistancePerformance monitoring
Energy reduction Time table performance
Charge cycle optimization
Battery life time management
Intelligent eMobility
LinkView Functionality
LinkView Monitoring
Status check
Alarms
Diagnostics
Data Base
Vehicle & FleetPerformance monitoring
Energy management
Maintenance
Charging management
Battery ContractsExtended warranty
Battery life time management
Intelligent eMobility
Charging time vs Mileage
Source: Prof. Dr. –Ing. Adolf Mueller-Hellman*) remarks by Linkker
Low-consumption eBus *)
Conventional eBus*)
Intelligent eMobility
Comparing Electric Bus Systems
Consumption
Linkker
Diesel bus
Battery & energy cost
Daily mileage(total cost of ownership)
Continuous operation per day
(in hours)
Conventional eBus
Intelligent eMobility
0,0
0,5
1,0
1,5
2,0
2,5
3,0
3,5
4,0
Optimized OperationCharging time/min
Charging timeConventional eBus
Charging timeLinkker
Espoo Helsinki Braunschweig
-30%
Drive cycles
Lower consumption• reduces investment in charging capacity• reduces energy cost• increases battery life time• enables operation with existing time table
Intelligent eMobility
Fitting to Operation
0,0
2,0
4,0
6,0
8,0
10,0
12,0
Range in km *)
RangeConventional eBus
RangeLinkker
Espoo Helsinki Braunschweig
+30%
Drive cycles
*) with 2 min re-charging of 10kWh
Intelligent eMobility
We will partner you all the way
3 M€5 M€
5 M€ 1 M€
0 M€
2 M€
2 M€ 2 M€
0 M€
2 M€
4 M€
6 M€
8 M€
10 M€
12 M€
Diesel Euro VI Linkker 12m
TCO Linkker vs Diesel 10 buses and 12 years
MaintenanceChargingEnergyVehicle amortize costs
TCO modelling
Drive cycle & battery usage profilingEnergy consumption profiling
Drive line dimensioning
Source: VTT research, vehicle laboratory tests
Intelligent eMobility
We will partner you all the way
Linkker energy consumption profiling
Source: VTT research, vehicle laboratory tests
Intelligent eMobility
We will partner you all the way
Linkker drive cycle & battery usage profiling
Source: VTT research, vehicle laboratory tests
Intelligent eMobility
We will partner you all the way
Linkker drive line dimensioning
Source: VTT research, vehicle laboratory tests
Intelligent eMobility
LinkView Data
Parameters Collected:
Active Fault, Air Compressor Temp, Ambient Temp, Battery Coolant Temp 1, Battery Coolant Temp 2, Battery Current, Battery Max Cell Voltage, Battery Max Charge Current, Battery Max Charge Power, Battery Max Discharge Current, Battery Max Discharge Power, Battery Max Voltage, Battery Min Cell Voltage, Battery Min Voltage, Battery Power, Battery SOC, Battery Voltage, Charging Brake, Drive Inverter Temp, Drive Mode, Drive Motor Speed, Drive Motor Temp, Drive Motor Torque, Drive Slip, Max Cell Temp, Max Cell Voltage, Max Temp IDMax, Volt CellID, Min Cell Temp, MinVolt CellID, Parking Brake, Power Steering Coolant Temp, Power Steering Oil Temp, PT Coolant Temp 2, PT Coolant Temp 1, Status Air Compressor, Status Battery, Status DCDC, Status Drive, Status Heat Pump, Status Power Steering, Uptime, Vehicle Braking, Vehicle Charging, Vehicle Moving, Vehicle Reverse, Vehicle Speed.
Real time vehicle data display the stored operational data can be displayed as numbers, graphs, histograms etc. on web
browser configured to customer UI requirements vehicle location, active DTCs and operating hour counter displays available
Real time vehicle configuration (will be introduced later)• enable/disable selected functionality• reset DTCs• set speed/acceleration/power limits
Intelligent eMobility
LinkView - Operational Data Reporting & Analytics
• Daily mileage• Daily average
• Daily efficiency
• Average efficiency
Intelligent eMobility
LinkView - Operational Data Reporting & Analytics
• Number of unsuccessful charging event starts
• Number of charging events• SoC per charge• Average energy charged• km per charge
• Number of interrupted charging events
Intelligent eMobility
Battery Life Cycle Optimization
micro cycle
charge cycle
battery capacityD
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Optimized usage- Temp control- DoD control- Current control- Remote monitoring andalarm management
DoD buffer
High number of cyclesPower tolerance
Low consumption
Battery life time
Intelligent eMobility
Case Helsinki/EspooLine 11
First electrified line by HRT
• Tapiola – Matinkylä - Friisilänaukio
• 19,2km line
• Average speed 20 kmh
• 48 stops
• Daily mileage 160-240km
Electric Bus System
• 1x 350kW end-stop charging event
• Consumption 0.78-0.98kWh/km
• Charged energy 14.9-18.82kWh
• Charging time 4-5 min with
Intelligent eMobility
Case Helsinki Line 23
First electrified line in central Helsinki
• Ruskeasuo – Pasila – Central station
• 8,9 km line A->B
• Average speed 17,7kmh
• 30 stops
• Daily mileage 260km
• 15 fast charging events / day
Electric Bus System
• 1x 350kW end-stop charging event in Ruskeasuo
• 2nd charger in August 2018 at Central Station
• Consumption 0.897kWh/km
• Avrg. charged energy 16kWh
• Charging time 3,5 min
Intelligent eMobility
• Vallbypark - Nordhavn
• 10,9 km AB
• Average speed 20 kmh
• 31 stops
• Daily mileage 160-240km
Electric Bus System
• 2x 350kW end-stop charging event
• Consumption Avrg. 1.1kWh/km
• Charged energy Avrg. 11.45kW
• Charging time 3min
Case Copenhagen 3A
Intelligent eMobility
• Harbour – Airport
• 24,8 km AB A
• Average speed 20 kmh
• 35 stops
• Daily mileage 350km
Electric Bus System
• 2 x 350kW end-stop charging event
• Consumption Avrg .0.906kWh/km
• Charged energy Avrg. 11.3kW
• Charging time 3min
Case Turku 1A
Intelligent eMobility
[email protected]+358-40-5116260
Intelligent eMobility
LinkView eFleet management