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LING411:Fall2016

TopicsinAppliedPhonetics

www.sfu.ca/~mjmunro/courses/l411.html

ForensicPhonetics

theapplicationofprinciples,techniques,andresearchfindingsfromphoneticstomattersthatconcernthelaw

Oftenacrimeisinvolved,thoughnotnecessarily.

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iafl.org

iafpa.net

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journals.equinoxpub.com/index.php/IJSLL

• Auditoryspeakeridentificationbyvictims/earwitnesses

• (Expert)speakeridentification

• Automaticspeakeridentification

• (Expert)speakerprofiling/speakerclassificationbyexpert

• (Expert)contentdetermination,includingdisputedutteranceanalysis

• Analysesofdeception,inebriation,emotionalstate…

• Trademarkinfringement

ScopeofForensicPhonetics

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Acentralissue:

voice

• Howdowedescribeaparticularvoice?

• Howdowedescribethewaysitdiffersfromor issimilartoanothervoice?

• Howdowemeasureavoicetocapturesuchdifferencesandsimilarities?

• Whatdoesavoicetellusaboutthespeaker?

(physicalcharacteristics,stateofmind,age,health,socialbackground)

descriptors

Namesomecelebrities(entertainment,politics,etc.)whosevoicesseemparticularlydistinctive.Why?

celebrities

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Impressionistic Assessment

Handkins & Cross Voice Profile Checklist (From Yarmey, 1991)

Assessmentofvoicesforforensic(andresearch)purposes

Impressionistic Instrumental

informalwitness description acousticmeasurements

naïvelistenerratings automaticassessment

expertevaluation(AP)

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ReadingAssignmentforSeptember13

Goyetal.2013,UofT:NormativeVoiceDataforYoungerandOlderAdults

We’lllookcloselyatthisstudy,andreplicateit, togetaperspectiveon

1)methods2)outcomes

This will require you to record your voice.

Goy et al. 2013, U of T: Normative Voice Data for Younger and Older Adults

Methods:CollectionofSpeechSamples

Goyetal.

audiometricboothShureBeta54microphone

48kHz/16bits(slightlybetterthanourrecordings)

Phonationtasks

habitualpitchmaximumpitch(/ɑ/for8s,x3)

minimumintensity(/ɑ/for8s,x3)maximumphonationtime(MPT)(/ɑ/x3)

Readingtask

ModifiedRainbowPassage(readsilentlythencomfortablyaloud)

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RecordingforLING411

QuietconditionsinclassroomorlabareaExternal,head-mountedmicAudacitySettings:44.1kHz,16bits,Mono

LevelcheckMonitorforadequatelevelwithminimalclipping

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iClicker trialSFUVaultinformationreviewofterminologyandconceptsinstructionsforcleaning/savingyourrecordings

Reminders:

ForThursday,besureyouhavelookedatGoyetal.(I’llaskyouacoupleofnon-creditiClicker questions)

ForThursday,besureyouhavecleanedandsavedyouraudiofilesOnTuesday,wewilluselaptopsinclass.(Thinkaboutotherclassmembersyouwouldliketoworkwith

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iClicker Trial(nocreditassigned)

1. HAVE YOU COMPLETED LING 330?

A) YESB) NO

iClicker Trial(nocreditassigned)

2. HAVE YOU INSTALLED AND TESTED PRAAT?

A) YESB) NO

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iClicker Trial(nocreditassigned)

3. HAVE YOU INSTALLED AND TESTED AUDACITY?

A) YESB) NO

SFU Vault

apps (desktop & mobile)website

https://www.sfu.ca/itservices/collaboration/sfu-vault.html

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AcousticAssessmentofSpeech:Terms&Concepts

Hz aunitofmeasurement;numberofcyclespersecond

waveform arepresentationofsoundshowingtimevsamplitude

period thetimetakenforonecycleofvibrationinasound

frequency thenumberofcyclesofasoundthatoccurinagiventimeperiod

samplingrate thefrequencyatwhichanaudiosignalis“measured”

samplingresolution thenumberofvaluesthatcanbeusedtorepresenttheamplitudeofasignalduringdigitalrecording;typicallyreportedinbits;16bits=216possiblevalues(=65,536)

clipping aflatteningatthetoporbottomofawaveformthatoccurswhenthesignallevelistooloudforproperdigitalrecordingtotakeplace

spectrogram arepresentationofsoundshowingtime,frequencyandintensity

linearpredictivecoding(LPC):

amethodofcomputingtheregionsofresonance(formants)inspeech

pitchtrack: arepresentationofspeechshowingthebasicrateofvibration(F0)ofthevocalfolds

dB: aratiooftheamplitudeofonesoundtothatofanother

SPL: soundpressurelevel;dBSPL indicatestheamplitudeofasoundrelativetothenominalthresholdofhumanhearing

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CleaningandSavingRecordings

Step1:Downloadyouraudiofile&checktomakesureitcontainsyourfullrecordingsession!

Be sure to include a short section of quiet before and after each target item.

Follow the naming conventions on the next slide.

CleaningandSavingRecordings

(USEAUDACITY)

Createandsavethefollowingseparatefiles

SXXHAB1.wavSXXMAXF0.wav(3productions)SXXMININT.wav (3productions)SXXMAXDUR.wavSXXRainbow.wavSXXBoy.wav

Anuales,KjellahMarie(Kjellah) S01Blackmore,Rachel Amy(Rachel) S02Chan,Jenny S03Chiu,Cecilia Yusu (Cecilia) S04Cooper,Elisha EvelynLouise(Elisha) S05Dawkins,Caitlin Claire(Caitlin) S06Gao,Weijia S07He,Qiqi S08Hernandez,Abner S09Jastrzebski,Erin ElizabethTaylor(Erin) S10Kaneki,Yuki S11Li,Junhao(Jun) S12Marwood,Joanne Lee(Joanne) S13Mazhari,SorayaGrace(Soraya) S14McAleese,Carlene Dianne(Carlene) S15Nickel,OliviaGrace(Olivia) S16Steinson,HollyJune(Holly) S17Tan,Yongheng (Marina) S18Wilson,Trevor Charles(Trevor) S19Wyant,Mallory JaneBillinton (Mallory) S20Yusi,Rona Sherry(Rona) S21Zhang,XueWeiSophia(Sophia) S22

Danica S23

Sylvia S24

Dasha S25

Emmy S27