Limitation or bud stage missing、supernumemrous teeth

Proliferation or cap stage cyst、supernurouous teeth、odontoma、missing

Histodifferenton of bell stage amelogenesis imperfecta、dentinogenesis imperfecta

Morphdifferention of bell stage macrotooth、microtoot、peg lateral

Apposition dentinal hypoplasia、enamel hypoplasia

Calcification interglobular dentin、dentin or enamel hypocalcification

Adverse conditioning

1. home or hand over mouth exercise

a. 目的是讓小孩清楚:哭鬧home，合作positive reinforcement (讚美)

b. 不可以 routine用c. 因為上面的用意，不可用在沒有溝通能力的小孩，所以適合 3-6歲d. 不可用的對象還有一些特殊小孩，心理障礙、情緒障礙e. 對付一些難以控制行為的小孩而言是安全有效的方法

第一次來，拍全口多張X光片，通常是因為有特殊需要，如觀察生長，拍那麼多張片子的年紀大概都在快要長出恆牙等

1. 4張 前牙上下各一張，後牙 bitesing 2張 主要看上下前牙2. 8張 看 premolar、1st molar

3. 12張anterior teeth、premolar、1st molar

4. 16張secondary molar、third molar

median rhomboid in child

1. may occur HIV-positive child

2. no papialla on lesion

3. mostly occur in adult

white strawberry tongue

1. scarlet fever and kawasakin disease in young children

2. coating disappear enlarged red papilla extend , painfula on tongue

3. fungiform papilla

hairy tongue

1. infection by bacterials or 角質代謝問題2. rarely seen in children

3. antibiotic treatment for infection

the most common benign tumor fibroma

the most common malignant tumor of bone in kids leukemia?

the second common malignant tumor of bone in kids Ewing’s sarcoma

the most common malignant tumor of soft tissue in kids re

fibroma

1. most from stimulation, some from pyogenic granuloam, or some firbrodysplasia

lesion

2. losse to dense, pink to white

3. excision and rare recurrence

4. most common from trauma site, like Buccal mucosa , lower lip, tongue, hard

plate, and ginigva.

Pyogenic granuloma (PGCG)

1. chronic irritation cause fibrovascular proliferation

2. relative common tumor

3. smooth, red, may ulcer

4. soft to firm according to fibrous proliferation

5. most on gingival, especially on maxillary anterior labial ginginva

6.

congenital epulis

1. occurs in newborn

2. 為分化的間葉組織增生3. most in upper ant alveolar, and maybe vary large

4. frighten the parents, but disappear as growth

5. rare, less recurrence