likuifaksi batubara dengan src

8/12/2019 Likuifaksi Batubara Dengan SRC

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LIKUIFAKSI BATUBARA

DENGAN SOLVENT REFINED COAL (SRC)

DISUSUN OLEH

Kelompok : 5

Liza Humairoh 0611 3040 0325

M. Rajab Al-Mukarrom 0611 3040 032

!u"i#a A$u Le%#ari 0611 3040 0336

Kela% : 5 K&

'o%e" (embimbi") : *r. +a,ari"a M..

JURUSAN TEKNIK KIMIA

POLITEKNIK NEGERI SRIWIJAYA

PALEMBANG

2014


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KATA PENGANTAR

/e)ala puji ba)i Allah / a#a% "ikma# ,a" karu"ia-$a pe"uli% ,apa#

me"$ele%aika" Makalah (ema"aa#a" &a#ubara $a") berju,ul Likuiak%i

&a#ubara ,e")a" Solvent Refined Coal /R7

'alam makalah i"i ,ibaha% me")e"ai pe")er#ia" likuiak%i %er#a pro%e%

/R. Hal #er%ebu# ,apa# memberika" pe")e#ahua" kepa,a maha%i%8a9i me")e"ai

likuiak%i #eru#ama.

Kami me")uapka" #erima ka%ih kepa,a *bu *r. +a,ari"a M.. %elaku

,o%e" ma#a kuliah (ema"aa#a" &a#ubara $a") #elah memba"#u ,a" memberika"

#u)a% me")e"ai makalah i"i %ehi"))a pe")e#ahua" kami %emaki" ber#ambah.

Kami me"$a,ari bah8a makalah i"i ma%ih jauh ,ari %empur"a. ;"#uk i#u

,e")a" %e"a") ha#i kami %e"a"#ia%a me"erima kri#ik maupu" %ara" $a") ber%ia#

memba")u" ,ari para pembaa. Akhir ka#a %emo)a makalah i"i berma"aa# ba)i

ki#a %emua. erima ka%ih.

(alemba")


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BAB I

PENDAHULUAN

(o#e"%i i",u%#ri pe")olaha" ba#ubara air ,alah %ua#u ke"$a#aa" bah8a

a,a")a" %umber ,a$a e"er)i ,i *",o"e%ia %aa# i"i %u,ah %emaki" #erba#a%.

/eba)ai )ambara" *",o"e%ia %aa# i"i ha"$a memiliki 4.300 ju#a #o" a,a")a"

mi"$ak a#au ha"$a %eki#ar 036= ,ari #o#al a,a")a" mi"$ak ,u"ia #ahu" 2006

%ebe%ar 1.20>.200 ju#a #o". 'e")a" #i")ka# pro,uk%i %ebe%ar 3?0 ju#a #o" per

#ahu" pro,uk%i mi"$ak bumi ,i *",o"e%ia ,iperkiraka" ha"$a ,apa# ber#aha"

,alam 11 #ahu" ke ,epa".

/eme"#ara i#u )a% alam $a") ju)a merupaka" %alah %a#u %umber e"er)i

u#ama ,i *",o"e%ia ha"$a memiliki a,a")a" $a") ekui@ale" ,e")a" ma%a

pro,uk%i %elama 3554 #ahu". 'emikia" pula ba#ubara *",o"e%ia %aa# i"i ha"$a

memiliki a,a")a" $a") rela#i #erba#a% $ai#u %ebe%ar 4.?6> ju#a #o" a#au 055=

,ari #o#al a,a")a" ba#ubara ,u"ia. 'e")a" #i")ka# pro,uk%i me"apai 120 ju#a

#o" per #ahu" ,iperkiraka" ba#ubara ,i *",o"e%ia ,apa# ,ipro,uk%i %elama 4143

#ahu".

Me"$a,ari hal #er%ebu# (emeri"#ah me")eluarka" %era")kaia" kebijaka"

,i bi,a") pe")emba")a" %umber e"er)i al#er"a#i pa,a a8al #ahu" 2006.

Kebijaka" #er%ebu# #er#ua") ,alam 3 ke#e"#ua" $ai#u (erpre% omor 5 ahu"

2006 #e"#a") Kebijaka" "er)i a%io"al (erpre% o 192006 #e"#a") &aha" &akar

aba#i ,a" *"pre% o 292006 #e"#a") ba#u bara $a") ,iairka" %eba)ai baha"

bakar lai". 'e")a" kebijaka" #er%ebu# (emeri"#ah i")i" me",oro") pera" ,u"ia

u%aha ,alam pe")emba")a" baha" bakar al#er"a#i %eba)ai %ub%#i#u%i #erha,ap

baha" bakar mi"$ak. /alah %a#u $a") ,ii")i"ka" oleh (emeri"#ah a,alah

pe")emba")a" ba#u bara air.

Pee!"#"$ %$ Pe&e'$&$ B$# B$*$ C$"*

/eba)ai al#er"a#i u"#uk me"))a"#ika" e"er)i mi"$ak bumi %aa# i"i #elah

,ikemba")ka" #ek"olo)i pe"aira" ba#ubara %eba)ai baha" bakar $a") hampir


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%e#ara ,e")a" ou#pu# mi"$ak bumi. (e")emba")a" pro,uk%i baha" bakar %i"#e#i%

berba%i% ba#u bara per#ama kali ,ilakuka" ,i 3 'B The New Energy Development Organization),

or)a"i%a%i $a") memoku%ka" ,iri ,alam pe")emba")a" #ek"olo)i u"#uk

me")ha%ilka" e"er)i baru ju)a berha%il me")emba")ka" %ua#u #ek"olo)i

pe"aira" ba#ubara bi#umi"ou% ,e")a" me"))u"aka" #i)a pro%e% $ai#usolvolysis

system solvent extration system,a" diret hydrogenation to li!"efy #it"mino"s

oal.

/ela"ju#"$a ke#i)a pro%e% #er%ebu# #eri"#e)ra%i ,alam pro%e% 'BL

'B$i!"efation %ua#u pro%e% pe"aira" ba#ubara $a") ,ikemba")ka" oleh

'B ,e")a" #ujua" u"#uk me",apa#ka" ha%il pe"aira" $a") lebih #i"))i.

/eiri") ,e")a" berjala""$a 8ak#u (e"eli#i 'B me")i,e"#iika%i bah8a

a,a")a" ba#ubara ,i ,u"ia pa,a umum"$a #i,ak berkuali#a% baik bahka"

%e#e")ah"$a merupaka" ba#ubara ,e")a" kuali#a% re",ah %eper#i:s"#%#it"mino"s

oal ,a" #rown oal. Ke,ua je"i% ba#ubara #er%ebu# lebih ba"$ak ,i,omi"a%i oleh

ka",u")a" air. (e"eli#i


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BAB II

PEMBAHASAN

2+1 Pe&e*#"$ %$ K!$,"-".$," L"."-$.,"

Likuiak%i a,alah pro%e% pe")ubaha" ba#ubara pa,a# me"ja,i baha" bakar

air ,e")a" ba"#ua" pa"a% ,a" pe"ambaha" za# kimia #er#e"#u. aira" $a")

#erbe"#uk #er%ebu# %ela"ju#"$a ,irak%io"a%i9,ikila") u"#uk me")ha%ilka" berba)ai

maam baha" bakar air %eper#i be"%i" %olar mi"$ak #a"ah ,a" lai"-lai".

ek"olo)i i"i %u,ah lama ,i kua%ai "e)ara maju %eper#i


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2. Diret $i!"efation (roess

(ro%e% i"i ,ilakuka" ,e")a" ara me")halu%ka" ukura" bu#ir ba#ubara

kemu,ia" sl"rry ,ibua# ,e")a" ara me"ampur ba#ubara i"i ,e")a" pelaru#.

Sl"rry ,ima%ukka" ke ,alam reak#or ber#eka"a" #i"))i ber%ama-%ama ,e")a"

hi,ro)e" ,e")a" me"))u"aka" pompa. Sl"rry kemu,ia" ,iberi #eka"a"

100-300 a#m ,i ,alam %ebuah reak#or kemu,ia" ,ipa"a%ka" hi"))a %uhu me"apai

400-4>0C.

/eara kimia8i pro%e% aka" me")ubah be"#uk hi,rokarbo" ba#ubara ,ari

komplek% me"ja,i ra"#ai pa"ja") %eper#i pa,a mi"$ak. A#au ,e")a" ka#a lai"

ba#ubara #erko"@er%i me"ja,i li!"id melalui pemu#u%a" ika#a" - ,a"

-he#eroa#om %eara #ermoli#ik a#au hi,roli#ik thermolyti a", hydrolyti

leavage %ehi"))a melepa%ka" molekul-molekul B2 H2/ H3 ,a" H2B.

;"#uk i#u ra"#ai a#au i"i" aroma#ik hi,rokarbo""$a haru% ,ipo#o") ,e")a" ara

,ekompo%i%i pa"a% pa,a #empera#ur #i"))i thermal deomposition. /e#elah

,ipo#o") ma%i")-ma%i") po#o")a" pa,a ra"#ai hi,rokarbo" #a,i aka" me"ja,i

beba% ,a" %a")a# ak#i free%radial. /upa$a ra,ikal beba% i#u #i,ak ber)abu")

,e")a" ra,ikal beba% lai""$a #erja,i reak%i repolimeri%a%i membe"#uk ma#erial

,e")a" bera# molekul #i"))i ,a" insol"#le perlu a,a"$a pe")ika# a#au %#abili%a#or

bia%a"$a berupa )a% hi,ro)e". Hi,ro)e" bi%a ,i,apa# melalui #i)a ara $ai#u:

#ra"%er hi,ro)e" ,ari pelaru# reak%i ,e")a" fresh hi,ro)e" rearrangement

#erha,ap hi,ro)e" $a") a,a ,i ,alam ba#ubara ,a" me"))u"aka" ka#ali% $a")

,apa# me"jemba#a"i reak%i a"#ara )a% hi,ro)e" ,a"sl"rry ba#ubara ,a" pelaru#.

(ro%e% 'ire# $a") %eri") ,ilakuka" %eara komer%il $ai#u :

* Solvent Extration

(ro%e% i"i merupaka" pro%e% pe"ampura" ba#ubara ,e")a" %ol@e"# $a")

mampu me"#ra"%er hi,ro)e" ,arisolventba#ubara pa,a %uhu ,i a#a% 500o ,a"

#eka"a" ,i a#a% 5000 p%i. A,a #i)a ko"i)ura%i $a") ,apa# ,ilakuka" pa,a pro%e%

i"i $ai#u:

a. ek%#rak%i #a"pa a,a"$a hi,ro)e" ,e")a" solvent ha%il reyle $a") #elah

,ihi,ro)e"a%i pa,a pro%e% $a") #erpi%ah.


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b. ek%#rak%i ,e")a" a,a"$a hi,ro)e" ,e")a"solventha%il reyle$a") #elah

,ihi,ro)e"a%i.

. ek%#rak%i ,e")a" a,a"$a hi,ro)e" ,e")a" solvent ha%il reyle #a"pa

a,a"$a hi,ro)e"a%i.

o"#oh pro%e% komer%il ,ari ek%#rak%isolventi"i $ai#u:

a* Consol Sytheti (roess/+ (roe%%

(ro%e% i"i $ai#u me")ubah ba#ubara $a") me")a",u") %ulur #i"))i

me"ja,i pro,uk pa,a# ,a" syntheti r"de oil ,e")a" me")ek%#rak%i

ba#ubara me"))u"aka" oal derived proess* (eaha" ba#ubara

,ikeri")ka" ,a" ,ipa"a%ka" %ampai %uhu 230o ,a" ,iampur ,e")a"

solvent. Reak#or berupa reak#orstirred tan+,a" ,i reak#or #erja,i ek%#rak%i

pa,a %uhu 405o ,a" #eka"a" 105-400 p%i. (ro,uk ri")a" ,a" pa,a#a"

,ipi%ahka" ,i hydroylone $a") #er%u%u" %eara %eri. (a,a#a" ,ibua#

sl"rry kemu,ia" ,ima%ukka" ke reak#or karbo"i%a%i $a") berupa %i%#em

fl"idized #ed u"#uk ,iambil pro,uk ri")a". Solvent $a") ,i)u"aka"

,iambil ,ari pro,uk li!"id.

#* /R Solvent Refined Coal(roess

(ro%e% i"i #erba)i me"ja,i 2 $ai#u /R * ,a" /R **. (a,a /R i"i

pro,uk%i ba#ubara $a") ,iha%ilka" $ai#u baha" bakar pa,a# ,e")a"

ka",u")a" abu re",ah. /e,a")ka" pa,a /R ** ,iha%ilka" pro,uk air

,e")a" me"))u"aka" sl"rry ha%il reyle. (eaha" ba#ubara ,iampur

,e")a"solventkemu,ia" ,iampur ,e")a" hi,ro)e" ,a" ,ipa"a%ka" pa,a

%uhu 300-30o ,a" ,ima%ukka" ke reak#or ,e")a" %uhu opera%i

450-465o. Solventaka" #er,ekompo%i%i ,i reak#or me")ha%ilka" me#a"a.

ot effl"ent ,i reak#or ,ipi%ahka" pa,a high press"reseparator $a")

,i%u%u" %eri u"#uk memi%ahka" )a% ,a" pro,uk lighthi,rokarbo".

2+2 SRC (S/!e# Re-"e% C/$!)

/R Solvent Refined Coal merupaka" o"#oh ,ari pro%e% likuiak%i

ba#ubara %eara la")%u") me"))u"aka" pelaru#. (e"aira" la")%u") i"i merujuk

pa,a pro%e% ,ima"a ba#ubara %eara la")%u") ,iko"@er%i me"ja,i baha" bakar air


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pa,a #empera#ur ,a" #eka"a" #i"))i ,i ,alam me,ia pelaru# baik ,e")a" ka#ali#ik

maupu" #a"pa ka#ali#ik. (ro%e% i"i meliba#ka" pemu#u%a" ika#a"-ika#a" kimia

%eara #ermal $a") me")ha%ilka" ra,ikal-ra,ikal ba#ubara ,a" pe"%#abila" ra,ikal

#er%ebu# melalui pe"a")kapa" hi,ro)e" %ehi"))a #erbe"#uk molekul-molekul $a")

lebih keil ,a" %#abil $a") laru# ,alam a%e air. Ka#ali% ,a" pelaru# %a")a#

me"e"#uka" pro%e% pe"aira" ba#ubara %ehi"))a u"#uk pe")emba")a" pro%e%

pe"aira" $a") ei%ie" ,apa# ,i#empuh melalui pe"eli#ia" ,a" pe")emba")a" ,ari

ke,ua %i%i #er%ebu#. Ku"i pe"#i") ,alam pe"aira" $a") ei%ie" a,alah haru%

#erapai a,a"$a #ra"%er hi,ro)e" $a") baik ke ,alam %#ruk#ur molekul ba#ubara.

/R i"i merupaka" o"#oh ,ari pro%e% "o"ka#ali#ik hi,ro)e"a%i. Likuiak%i

,e")a" /R i"i #er,iri a#a% 2 pro%e% $ai#u /R-* proess ,a" /R-**proess*

$+ SRCI P*/e,,

*" #he oal prepara#io" area ra8 oal i% reei@e, u"loa,e, ru%he, a", #he"


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G$'$* 2+-lowshet/R-*(roess


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+ SRCII P*/e,

G$'$* 3 + 'ia)ram &lok /R-**(roess


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2+3 Je", Pe!$*#

(elaru# $a") ,i)u"aka" ,alam pro%e% i"i haru% mempu"$ai kemampua"

memi",ahka" hi,ro)e". (ro,uk $a") ,iha%ilka" ber,a%arka" #i")ka# kelaru#a""$a

,i ,alam pelaru# #e#rahi,roura" H+ #olue"e #e#rali" 1234-

#e#rah$,ro"aph#ale"e ,a" "-hek%a"a %eba)ai pelaru# ,o"or hi,ro)e". (ro,uk-

pro,uk a"#ara ,ikelompokka" ke ,alam prea%phal#e"e (A/ ,a" a%phal#e"e A/.

/e,a")ka" pro,uk akhir ,ika#e)orika" %eba)ai mi"$ak oil ,a" %ejumlah )a%

BDE. /i%a ba#ubara $a") #i,ak #erko"@er%i ,ikelompokka" %eba)ai re%i,u H+

insol"#le. Ha%i /R bia%a"$a la")%u") ,i)u"aka" u"#uk pemba")ki# li%#rik.


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2+4 P*/%.," B$# B$*$ C$"* %" I%/e,"$

'i *",o"e%ia %e",iri pe")emba")a" ba#u bara air mulai ,ire%po" %e#elah

pemeri"#ah me")eluarka" *"pre% o. 29 2006 #e"#a") ba#ubara $a") ,iairka".

/alah %a#u i"@e%#or $a") #er#arik a,alah /u)iko MBK "er)$ $a") ber"i%ia#i

u"#uk memba")u" pabrik pemro%e%a" ba#ubara air ,i /uma#era /ela#a". /u)io

MBK "er)$ merupaka" peru%ahaa" pa#u")a" a"#ara ( /u)io Eraha

peru%ahaa" #amba") ba#ubara ,i *",o"e%ia $a") memiliki areal pe"amba")a"

ba#ubara ,i /uma#era /ela#a" ,a" Mok *",u%#rie% LL a%al Amerika peru%ahaa"

$a") memiliki ek"olo)i /olar "er)$ $a") pali") murah ,a" ei%ie" ,i ,u"ia.

(ro%e% pro,uk%i ba#u bara air $a") ,ilakuka" oleh /u)io MBK a,alah

me"))u"aka" %i%#em hi,ro)e"a%i $a") mema"aa#ka" e"er)i ma#ahari. 'e")a"

i"o@a%i (ho#o@ol#ai e"er)i pa"a% ma#ahari $a") ,i#a")kap melalui %olar ell

,iubah me"ja,i e"er)i li%#rik $a") me")ha%ilka" ,a$a pa,a %e#iap pa"el"$a

%ebe%ar %a#u me)a8a## ,e")a" ja")ka 8ak#u 1 jam ,a" bia$a #i,ak lebih ,ari ;/F

5 per barel. "er)i li%#rik $a") ,iha%ilka" a,a ,ua maam $ai#u aru% li%#rik $a")

ber%ia# bolak- balik A %ehi"))a ,apa# ,ima"aa#ka" u"#uk pe"era")a" %er#a

keperlua" lai""$a ,a" aru% li%#rik $a") %earah ' a#au $a") ,i)u"aka" u"#uk

air H2B. 'alam pro%e% i"i air aka" ,iubah me"ja,i ok%i)e" ,a" hi,ro)e". ;"%ur

hi,ro)e" #er%ebu# aka" ,ima"aa#ka" ,alam pro%e% hi,ro)e"a%i $a") me")ubah

ba#ubara pa,a# me"ja,i air. (ro%e% hi,ro)e"a%i i"i ,ilakuka" ,alam reak#or

&er)iu%. /e#iap %a#u #o" ba#ubara pa,a# $a") ,iolah ,alam reak#or i"i aka"

me")ha%ilka" 62 barel &&M %i"#e%i% berkuali#a% #i"))i. 'ire"a"aka" pa,a #ahu"

2011 kapa%i#a% pro,uk%i ba#ubara air $a") ,iha%ilka" pabrik /u)io MBK %eki#ar

20 ribu barel ba#u bara air per hari.

ek"olo)i pe"aira" ba#ubara kuali#a% re",ah li)"i# ,i"ilai %a")a#

po#e"%ial ,i)u"aka" u"#uk mempro,uk%i &&M %i"#e#i% me")i")a# jumlah

a,a")a" ba#ubara *",o"e%ia $a") ukup be%ar me"apai 5> mil$ar #o" lebih.

(ro,uk pe"aira" ba#ubara ,apa# ,ipakai u"#uk %ub%#i#u%i &&M %eper#i

be"%i" kero%i" ,a" mi"$ak ,ie%el. ek"olo)i i"i %u,ah ,ikaji %ejak #ahu" 1??5

bekerja %ama ,e")a" 'B-


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%ele%ai melak%a"aka" ke)ia#a" pe"eli#ia" pe")emba")a" ,a" reka$a%a

li#ba")$a%a u"#uk op#ima%i pro%e% ,a" bia$a melipu#i %ub%#i#u%i pelaru# a8al ,ari

heavy va""m resid"e kila") mi"$ak pe")hi#u")a" por%i loal ontent

pemba")u"a" pabrik pe"aira" kapa%i#a% 6000 #9, %o%iali%a%i ,a" pre-am,al

u"#uk loka%i &erau %er#a a"ali%i% ru)i9laba ,a" ma"aa# o%# a", be"ei#

a"al$%i%.

2+ Ke!e"5$ %$ Ke.*$&$ B$#$*$ C$"*

Kelebiha" &a#ubara air $ai#u :

1. Har)a pro,uk%i lebih murah.

2.


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Kekura")a" &a#ubara air $ai#u :

1. Keeko"omia"

Har)a mi"$ak bumi %a")a# luk#ua#i %ehi"))a %eri")kali i"@e%#or ra)u

u"#uk memba")u" kila") pe"aira" ba#ubara. &a#ubara air aka"

eko"omi% jika har)a mi"$ak bumi ,i a#a% ;/ F359bbl.

2. *"@e%#a%i A8al i"))i

&ia$a i"@e%#a%i kila") pe"aira" ba#ubara komer%ial ukup mahal.

3. Merupaka" *"@e%#a%i


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BAB III

PENUTUP

Likuiak%i a,alah pro%e% pe")ubaha" ba#ubara pa,a# me"ja,i baha" bakar

air ,e")a" ba"#ua" pa"a% ,a" pe"ambaha" za# kimia #er#e"#u. Likuiak%i

,ikla%iika%ika" me"ja,i 2 $ai#u indiret oal proess ,a" diret oal proess.

/R solvent refined oal #erma%uk o"#oh pro%e% likuiak%i %eara la")%u")

$a") me"))u"ka" pelaru#. /R proe%% #er,iri a#a% /R-* proe%% ,a" /R-**

proe%%. !a") membe,aka" ke,ua pro%e% #er%ebu# a,alah /R-* ,iha%ilka"

pro,uk ,e")a" ka",u")a" abu re",ah %e,a")ka" /R-** me"))u"aka" sl"rry

ha%il reyle.

Likuiak%i ba#ubara i"i memiliki kelebiha" ,a" kekura")a".

Kekura")a""$a $ai#u ,ari %e)i keeko"omia" i"@e%#a%i a8al #i"))i ,a" merupaka"

*"@e%#a%i


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DAFTAR PUSTAKA

http.//letshare0*#logspot*om/122/1/li+"ifi+asi%#at"%#ara*html

3online)

,iak%e% 20 'e%ember 2013 pukul 11:00

http.//rinririns*#logspot*om/124/21/oal%to%li!"id*html 3online)

,iak%e% 20 'e%ember 2013 pukul 20:00

http.//sigits"listiono*#logspot*om/12256626arhive*html3online)

,iak%e% 20 'e%ember 2013 pukul 20:4>

http.//erwantoindonesia*wordpress*om/121/27/20/investigasi%a+tifis/

3online),iak%e% 20 'e%ember 2013 pukul 21:00

http.//dwitaariyanti*#logspot*om/121627626arhive*html

3online),iak%e% 23 'e%ember 2013 pukul 14:00
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